孕震空区的环境应力特征及其机理探讨
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摘要
利用地震波资料对几个典型震例孕震空区的环境应力特征进行了研究,并对其机理进行了探讨。研究结果显示,逼近地震的环境应力值高于同时期构成空区的一般性(非主震震源区附近)小震,发生在未来主震震源区及附近小震的环境应力值较高等。上述结果的机理可用坚固体模型来解释。研究结果有助于提高孕震空区的预报效能,进一步提高对地震孕育过程中力学机理的认识。
In this paper, the ambient stress characteristics of seismogenic gap from several earthquake examples by using digital earthquake data are studied and its mechanism is discussed. It is indicated that the ambient stress approaching an earthquake is higher than that of usually small earthquakes (not near the focal zone of main earthquake) which form seismogenic gap at same period, and that the ambient stress of the small earthquakes near the focal zone of main earthquake is higher. The mechanism described above can be explained by the hard inclusion model. The conclusion of this research can be of great significance to improve forecast efficiency of seismogenic gap and increase the cognition of mechanic mechanism in the process of earthquake preparation.
In this paper, the ambient stress characteristics of seismogenic gap from several earthquake examples by using digital earthquake data are studied and its mechanism is discussed. It is indicated that the ambient stress approaching an earthquake is higher than that of usually small earthquakes (not near the focal zone of main earthquake) which form seismogenic gap at same period, and that the ambient stress of the small earthquakes near the focal zone of main earthquake is higher. The mechanism described above can be explained by the hard inclusion model. The conclusion of this research can be of great significance to improve forecast efficiency of seismogenic gap and increase the cognition of mechanic mechanism in the process of earthquake preparation.
引文
①梅世蓉,板内强震孕育和前兆物理模式研究,中国地震局监测预报司编,地震分析预报技术骨干培训教材(上),2000,157-158。
②谢华章等,华东及华南地区中短期预报方法和区域特征的研究,“九五”项目研究报告,1999,10-35。
①同第36页脚注②。
②同第36页脚注②。
①同第36页脚注①。
①陆远忠,地震活动图像在地震预报中的应用,中国地震局监测预报司编,地震分析预报技术骨干培训教材(下),2000,32-109。
②同第36页脚注①。
[1] Dieterich J H. A model for the nucleation of earthquake slip, In Earthquake Source Mechanics[A].AGU Geophys Mono 37( eds: S Das, J Boatwright and C Scholz), Washington,D C,1986,37-47.
[2] Kanamori H, The nature of seismicity patterns before large earthquakes[A]. Earthquake Prediction-an international review ( eds: D W Simpson and P G Richards), Maurice Ewing Series ( AGU 4),1981,1-19.
[3] Nur A, Dilatancy. Pore fluids and premonitory variations in ts/tp travel times[J]. Bull Seismol SocAm,1972,(62):1217-1222.
[4] Mjachkin V, Brace W, Sobolev G,et al.Two models of earthquake forerunners[J]. PAGEOPH,1975,(l13):169-181.
[5] Rice J R, Rudnicki J W. Earthquake precursory effect due to pore fluid stabilization of a weakenedfault zone[J]. J Geophys Res,1979,(84):2177-2184.
[6] Mogi K. Seismic activity and earthquake prediction, in proceedings of the symposium on EarthquakePrediction Research[M].1977,203-214.
[7] Jones L M, Molnar P. Frequency of foreshocks[J]. Nature,1976,(262):677-679.
[8] Brune J N. Implications of earthquake triggering and rupture propagation for earthquake predictionbased on premonitory phenomena[J]. J Geophys Res,1979,(84):2195-2198.
[9]梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等.中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[10] Frankel A, Kanamori H. Determination of rupture duration and stress drop for earthquakes inSouthern California[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer,1983,73:1527-1551.
[11] Boatwright J. A special theory for circular seismic sources, simple estimates of source dimension,dynamic stress drop and radiated seismic energy[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer,1980,70:1-28.
[12]陈培善,卓钰如,金严,等.唐山地震前后京津唐张地区的应力场[ J].地球物理学报,1978,21(1):34-57.
[13]陈培善,刘祖荫,阚荣举,等.由中小地震的震级ML和MS估算1970年通海地震前后其周围地区的剪应力值[J].地震学报,1982,4(3):228-230.
[14]杨仕升.广西地区中强地震前后环境应力场的时空演变特征[ J].西北地震学报,2003,25(4):326-330.
[15]陈培善, Duda S J.峰值速度和加速度对环境剪应力场面的依赖性[ J].地球物理学报,1993,36(2):185-194.
[16]秦嘉政,钱晓东,张俊伟,等.武定地震序列剪应力场的时空分布特征[ J].地震学报,2000,22(1):9-15.
[17]梅世蓉.地震前兆场物理模式及前兆空间分布特征物理机制研究[A].中国地震局预测预防司.大陆地震预报的方法和理论[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.211-214.
[18]张天中,刘文龙,姚栋华,等.地震波中提取的前兆指标[A].中国地震局监测预报司.强地震中短期预报方法及其效能研究[C].北京:地震出版社,2002,96-103.
[19]陈培善,陈海通.由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试[ J].地震地磁观测与研究,1992,13(6),1-11.
②谢华章等,华东及华南地区中短期预报方法和区域特征的研究,“九五”项目研究报告,1999,10-35。
①同第36页脚注②。
②同第36页脚注②。
①同第36页脚注①。
①陆远忠,地震活动图像在地震预报中的应用,中国地震局监测预报司编,地震分析预报技术骨干培训教材(下),2000,32-109。
②同第36页脚注①。
[1] Dieterich J H. A model for the nucleation of earthquake slip, In Earthquake Source Mechanics[A].AGU Geophys Mono 37( eds: S Das, J Boatwright and C Scholz), Washington,D C,1986,37-47.
[2] Kanamori H, The nature of seismicity patterns before large earthquakes[A]. Earthquake Prediction-an international review ( eds: D W Simpson and P G Richards), Maurice Ewing Series ( AGU 4),1981,1-19.
[3] Nur A, Dilatancy. Pore fluids and premonitory variations in ts/tp travel times[J]. Bull Seismol SocAm,1972,(62):1217-1222.
[4] Mjachkin V, Brace W, Sobolev G,et al.Two models of earthquake forerunners[J]. PAGEOPH,1975,(l13):169-181.
[5] Rice J R, Rudnicki J W. Earthquake precursory effect due to pore fluid stabilization of a weakenedfault zone[J]. J Geophys Res,1979,(84):2177-2184.
[6] Mogi K. Seismic activity and earthquake prediction, in proceedings of the symposium on EarthquakePrediction Research[M].1977,203-214.
[7] Jones L M, Molnar P. Frequency of foreshocks[J]. Nature,1976,(262):677-679.
[8] Brune J N. Implications of earthquake triggering and rupture propagation for earthquake predictionbased on premonitory phenomena[J]. J Geophys Res,1979,(84):2195-2198.
[9]梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等.中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[10] Frankel A, Kanamori H. Determination of rupture duration and stress drop for earthquakes inSouthern California[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer,1983,73:1527-1551.
[11] Boatwright J. A special theory for circular seismic sources, simple estimates of source dimension,dynamic stress drop and radiated seismic energy[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer,1980,70:1-28.
[12]陈培善,卓钰如,金严,等.唐山地震前后京津唐张地区的应力场[ J].地球物理学报,1978,21(1):34-57.
[13]陈培善,刘祖荫,阚荣举,等.由中小地震的震级ML和MS估算1970年通海地震前后其周围地区的剪应力值[J].地震学报,1982,4(3):228-230.
[14]杨仕升.广西地区中强地震前后环境应力场的时空演变特征[ J].西北地震学报,2003,25(4):326-330.
[15]陈培善, Duda S J.峰值速度和加速度对环境剪应力场面的依赖性[ J].地球物理学报,1993,36(2):185-194.
[16]秦嘉政,钱晓东,张俊伟,等.武定地震序列剪应力场的时空分布特征[ J].地震学报,2000,22(1):9-15.
[17]梅世蓉.地震前兆场物理模式及前兆空间分布特征物理机制研究[A].中国地震局预测预防司.大陆地震预报的方法和理论[C].北京:地震出版社,1998.211-214.
[18]张天中,刘文龙,姚栋华,等.地震波中提取的前兆指标[A].中国地震局监测预报司.强地震中短期预报方法及其效能研究[C].北京:地震出版社,2002,96-103.
[19]陈培善,陈海通.由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试[ J].地震地磁观测与研究,1992,13(6),1-11.
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