震裂山体滑坡一溃决型泥石流特征及防治措施研究
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摘要
"5.12"大地震后形成较多震裂山体,震裂山体在暴雨、余震作用下一旦失稳,将会形成高势能滑坡,堵塞下部沟道,形成堰塞湖,在动静水压及掏蚀作用下导致堰塞湖的溃决,形成破坏力极强的溃决型泥石流。四川安县甘沟泥石流就是典型的溃决型泥石流,2009年8月24日,由于强降雨作用,甘沟支沟牛颈沟滑坡高速下滑,形成堰塞湖最终溃坝,暴发了溃决型泥石流,为震区典型的滑坡-泥石流地质灾害链。由于牛颈沟还残余大量物源,在暴雨情况下再次暴发溃决型泥石流的可能性很大,因此提出以下应对措施:护排为主,结合低坝消能;及时清淤,恢复植被;加强监测,及时警报。
A large of shattered mountain had been formated after the '5·12' earthquake.The shattered mountain in the fallrain,once the instability under the aftershocks will be the formation of high potential landslides,blocking the lower part of the channel,the formation of barrier lake,with the static pressure and big erosion caused the barrier lake to break,the formation of highly destructive break debris flow.The Gan gully debris is a typical break debris flow.In Niujing gully,landslide occurred and barrier lake formed in the earthquake.In the impact from rainfall,the part residual body of Niujing gully has been glided,and caused the dam-break.Finally,triggered the outbreak of break debris flow on August 24,2009.It was a typical geological hazard chains of landslide-debris flow.It has much possibility to break out debris flow again in case of heavy rain because of a large number of sources in the Niujing gully.So the following measures were proposed: protecting and draining are chief measures,and combining dam,timely dredging,restoration of vegetation,strengthening monitoring and warning in time.
A large of shattered mountain had been formated after the '5·12' earthquake.The shattered mountain in the fallrain,once the instability under the aftershocks will be the formation of high potential landslides,blocking the lower part of the channel,the formation of barrier lake,with the static pressure and big erosion caused the barrier lake to break,the formation of highly destructive break debris flow.The Gan gully debris is a typical break debris flow.In Niujing gully,landslide occurred and barrier lake formed in the earthquake.In the impact from rainfall,the part residual body of Niujing gully has been glided,and caused the dam-break.Finally,triggered the outbreak of break debris flow on August 24,2009.It was a typical geological hazard chains of landslide-debris flow.It has much possibility to break out debris flow again in case of heavy rain because of a large number of sources in the Niujing gully.So the following measures were proposed: protecting and draining are chief measures,and combining dam,timely dredging,restoration of vegetation,strengthening monitoring and warning in time.
引文
[1]曹屹东.汶川震区典型暴雨泥石流形成特征与条件的实验研究:以北川县西山坡沟为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[2]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[S].成都,1984.
[3]钟敦伦.论地震在泥石流活动中的作用[M].重庆:科技文献出版社重庆分社,1981:30-35.
[4]彭秀红,徐佩华.柳杨沟泥石流特征及其工程影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):374-379.
[5]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[6]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川“9.24”暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[7]胡卸文,吕小平,黄润秋,等.唐家山堰塞湖大水沟泥石流发育特征及堵江危害性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):850-858.
[8]周必凡,泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[9]第宝锋,陈宁生,谢万银,等.罗坝街沟泥石流特征分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2):216-222.
[10]沈兴菊,张金山.“5.12”地震重灾区茂县竹包头沟泥石流特征及其防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(增刊):97-101.
[11]张自光,张志明,张顺斌.都江堰市八一沟泥石流形成条件与动力学特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):34-38.
[2]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[S].成都,1984.
[3]钟敦伦.论地震在泥石流活动中的作用[M].重庆:科技文献出版社重庆分社,1981:30-35.
[4]彭秀红,徐佩华.柳杨沟泥石流特征及其工程影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):374-379.
[5]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[6]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川“9.24”暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[7]胡卸文,吕小平,黄润秋,等.唐家山堰塞湖大水沟泥石流发育特征及堵江危害性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):850-858.
[8]周必凡,泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[9]第宝锋,陈宁生,谢万银,等.罗坝街沟泥石流特征分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2):216-222.
[10]沈兴菊,张金山.“5.12”地震重灾区茂县竹包头沟泥石流特征及其防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(增刊):97-101.
[11]张自光,张志明,张顺斌.都江堰市八一沟泥石流形成条件与动力学特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):34-38.
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