煤矿采空区地面探测技术与方法优化
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摘要
为探明鄂尔多斯矿区采空区的分布范围及存在的安全隐患,采用高密度电阻率法、瞬变电磁法、EH-4大地电磁法和浅层地震法等4种地面采空区探测技术,通过野外数据采集、数据预处理(包括干扰信号剔除)和反演计算,作出视电阻率综合剖面和时间剖面,来解译采空区的几何和物性特征,建立了一套适合该区地方煤矿采空区探测的技术方法。结果表明:高密度电阻率法、浅层地震法适合近地表浅层采空区探测,探测深度小于200 m;瞬变电磁法适合中等深度采空区探测,探测深度小于600 m;EH-4大地电磁法适合大深度采空区探测,探测深度小于1 000 m。
In order to detect the mine goaf distribution scope and the existed safety dangers in Ordos Mining Area,there were four surface goaf detection technologies,including the high density resistivity method,the transient electromagnetic method,the EH-4 geoelectromagnetic method and the shallow seismic method,applied to prepare the comprehensive cross sections and time cross sections of the video resistivity with the field data collection,data pre-processing(including interference signal elimination) and the reversed evolution calculation to explain the geometry and substance property features and to establish a set goaf detection technical method suitable for the coal mines in Ordos.The results showed that the high density resistivity method and the shallow seismic method would be suitable for the detection of the shallow goaf and the detection depth would be less than 200 m;the transient electromagnetic method would be suitable for the detection of the goaf in medium depth and the detection depth would less than 600 m;the EH-4 geoelectromagnetic method would be suitable for the detection of the goaf in the deep depth and the detection depth would be less than 1 000 m.
In order to detect the mine goaf distribution scope and the existed safety dangers in Ordos Mining Area,there were four surface goaf detection technologies,including the high density resistivity method,the transient electromagnetic method,the EH-4 geoelectromagnetic method and the shallow seismic method,applied to prepare the comprehensive cross sections and time cross sections of the video resistivity with the field data collection,data pre-processing(including interference signal elimination) and the reversed evolution calculation to explain the geometry and substance property features and to establish a set goaf detection technical method suitable for the coal mines in Ordos.The results showed that the high density resistivity method and the shallow seismic method would be suitable for the detection of the shallow goaf and the detection depth would be less than 200 m;the transient electromagnetic method would be suitable for the detection of the goaf in medium depth and the detection depth would less than 600 m;the EH-4 geoelectromagnetic method would be suitable for the detection of the goaf in the deep depth and the detection depth would be less than 1 000 m.
引文
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[2]祁民,张宝林,梁光河,等.高分辨率预测地下复杂采空区的空间分布特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):256-262.
[3]傅良魁.应用地球物理教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[4]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的应用和发展[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):171-176.
[5]吕惠进,刘少华,刘伯根.高密度电阻率法在地面塌陷调查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):381-386.
[6]牛之琏.脉冲瞬变电磁法及应用[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1986.
[7]张开元,韩自豪,周韬.瞬变电磁法在探测煤矿采空区中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(4):341-344.
[8]伍岳.EH-4电磁成像系统在砂岩地区勘查地下水的应用研究[J].物探与化探,1999,23(5):335-346.
[9]赵光荣.基于EH4电磁成像系统的煤矿采空区探测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(11):110-116.
[10]王俊茹,张龙起,宋雪琳.浅层地震勘探在采空区勘测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2002,26(1):75-78.
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