汶川震区北川县城泥石流源地特征的遥感动态分析
|
摘要
汶川地震导致山地斜坡积累了大量碎屑物质,在降雨作用下极易成为泥石流源地。震后的2008年9月24日一场暴雨导致北川县境内72条沟同时暴发泥石流。本文选择了汶川地震高烈度区的北川县城8条泥石流沟流域为研究区,基于遥感手段开展了震后和相继暴雨后的泥石流源地变化特征。强震后泥石流流域的重要变化是在沟谷内诱发了大量滑坡。通过开展遥感解译和野外调查,重点分析了研究区泥石流源地的滑坡活动。将5.12汶川地震后的2008年5月18日获取的航空图像与9.24暴雨后获取的2008年10月14日SPOT图像相比较,发现泥石流源地的地震滑坡面积由153.7×104m2增加到暴雨后的191.2×104m2,即汶川高烈度区一场暴雨过程新增滑坡面积达24.4%。根据SPOT图像解译,暴雨后泥石流沟床中的松散堆积物增大到9.7×104m2。上述研究结果表明汶川震区在强降雨条件下发生泥石流的敏感性特别高。
Wenchuan Earthquake produced abundant debris left behind on the hillside slopes.The debris would later serve as the source materials for rainfall-induced debris flow hazard.On 24th September 2008,a total of 72 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the central part of the epicenter region affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake.The Beichuan County in the central epicenter region is chosen for analyzing the change of debris flow source area after the earthquake and also following a rainstorm.Significant differences after the earthquake are noticed in producing a large amount of landslides for debris flow occurrence.Interpretations of aerial photographs and SPOT images as well as field investigations are used to identify landslide occurrences in the debris flow watershed for exploring the initial conditions triggering debris flows.Comparison of the aerial photographs taken on 18th May 2008(after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake) with the SPOT 5 images taken on 14th October 2008(after the rainstorm event on 24th September 2008)indicates that the landslide area in eight debris flow watersheds increased from 153.7×104 m2 to 191.2×104 m2 during that period of time.Measurement of the SPOT images reveals that the loose sediment areas on the channel beds had further expanded to 9.7×104 m2 after the rainstorm.The present results show the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area is particularly susceptible to debris flow occurrence after heavy rainfall events.
Wenchuan Earthquake produced abundant debris left behind on the hillside slopes.The debris would later serve as the source materials for rainfall-induced debris flow hazard.On 24th September 2008,a total of 72 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the central part of the epicenter region affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake.The Beichuan County in the central epicenter region is chosen for analyzing the change of debris flow source area after the earthquake and also following a rainstorm.Significant differences after the earthquake are noticed in producing a large amount of landslides for debris flow occurrence.Interpretations of aerial photographs and SPOT images as well as field investigations are used to identify landslide occurrences in the debris flow watershed for exploring the initial conditions triggering debris flows.Comparison of the aerial photographs taken on 18th May 2008(after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake) with the SPOT 5 images taken on 14th October 2008(after the rainstorm event on 24th September 2008)indicates that the landslide area in eight debris flow watersheds increased from 153.7×104 m2 to 191.2×104 m2 during that period of time.Measurement of the SPOT images reveals that the loose sediment areas on the channel beds had further expanded to 9.7×104 m2 after the rainstorm.The present results show the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area is particularly susceptible to debris flow occurrence after heavy rainfall events.
引文
[1]杨军杰,张志,王旭,等.汶川县地震次生山地地质灾害遥感调查.山地学报[J].2008,26(6):755~760.Yang Junjie,Zhan Zhi,Wang Xu.et al.Secondary seismic moun-tainous geological disasters survey in Wenchuan county based onspacial information science.Journal of Mountain Science[J].2008,26(6):755~760.
[2]苏凤环,刘洪江,韩用顺.汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):956~963.Su Fenghuan1,Liu Hongjiang,Han Yongshun.The extraction ofmountain hazard induced by Wenchuan earthquake and analysis ofits distributing characteristics.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):956~963.
[3]王世新,周艺,魏成阶,等.汶川地震重灾区堰塞湖次生灾害危险性遥感评价.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):900~907.Wang Shixin,Zhou Yi,Wei Chengjie,et al.Risk Evaluation on thesecondary disasters of dammed lakes using remote sensing datasets,in the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):900~907.
[4]黄庭,张志,谷延群,等.基于遥感和GIS技术的北川县地震次生地质灾害分布特征.遥感学报[J].2009,13(1):177~182.Huang Ting,Zhang Zhi,Gu Yan-qun,et al.Distributed character-istics research of earthquake-induced secondary geological disastersin BeiChuan County:Based on GIS and remote sensing.Journal ofRemote Sensing[J].2009,13(1):177~182.
[5]陈世荣,马海建,范一大,等.基于高分辨率遥感影像的汶川地震道路损毁评估.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):949~955.Chen Shi-rong;Ma Haijian;Fan Yida,et al.Road damage assess-ment from high resolution satellite remote sensing imagery in Wen-chuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):949~955.
[6]杨健,赵忠明,黄铁青.汶川地震遥感图像处理与灾难分析.中国体视学与图像分析[J].2008,13(3):151~157.YangJian;ZhaoZhongming;Huang Tieqing;Gong Jianhua;WangZhongwu.Application of remote sensing techniques in emergencysystem.Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis[J].2008,13(3):151~157.
[7]Weissel J K,Stark C P,Hovius N.Landslides triggered by the1999 Mw7.6 Chi Chi earthquake in their relationship to topogra-phy.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.IGARSS01IEEE[C],2001,2:759~761.
[8]李铁锋,徐岳仁,潘懋,等.基于多期SPOT5影像的降雨型浅层滑坡遥感解译研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2007,1(3):1~7.Li Tiefeng,Xu Yueren,Pan Mao,Cong Weiqing;Wen Mingsheng;Lian Jianfa.Study on interpretation of rain-induced group shallowlandslides based on multi-period SPOT-5 remote sensing images.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis[J].2007,1(3):1~7.
[9]唐川,朱静.城市泥石流灾害风险评价探讨.水科学进展[J].2006,17(3):67~71.TangChuan;Zhu Jing.Approach for urban debris flow risk assess-ment.Advances in Water Science[J].2006,17(3):67~71.
[10]唐川,张军,万石云,等.基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市泥石流灾害损失评估.地理科学[J],2006,26(3):358~368.Tang Chuan;Zhang Jun;Wan Shi-Yun;Zhou Chun-Hua.Lossevaluation of urban debris flow hazard using high spatial resolu-tion satellite imagery.Scientia Geographica Sinica[J].2006,26(3):358~368.
[11]Lina C W,Shieh C L,Yuan B D.Impact of Chi-Chi earthquakeon the occurrence of landslides and debris flows:example fromthe Chenyulan River watershed,Nantou,Taiwan.Engineering Ge-ology[J].71(2003)49~61.
[12]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究.工程地质学报[J].2008,16(2):751~758.Tang Chuan;Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows inBeichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered byrainstorm on september24,2008.Journal of Engineering Geology[J].2008,16(2):751~758.
[13]Chen H,Hawkins A B.Relationship between earthquake disturb-ance,tropical rainstorms and debris movement:an overview fromTaiwan.Bull Eng Geol Environ[J].2009,68:68:161~186.
[14]唐川,章书成.水力类泥石流起动机理与预报研究进展与研究方向.地球科学进展[J].2008,23(8):787~793.Tang Chuan;Zhang Shucheng.Study progress and expectation forinitiation mechanism and prediction of hydraulic-driven debrisflows.Advances in Earth Science[J].2008,23(8):787~793.
[15]Coe J A,Glancy P A,Whitney J W.Volumetric analysis andhydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near YuccaMountain Nevada.Geomorphology[J].1997,(20):11~28.
[16]Griffiths P G,Webb R H,Melis TS.Frequency and initiation ofdebris flows in Grand Canyon,Arizona.Journal of GeophysicalResearch[J].2004,109:321~336.
[17]Lin C W,Liu S H,Lee S Y,Liu C C.Impacts on the Chi-Chiearthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides in central Tai-wan.Engineering Geology[J].2006,86(2-3):87~101.
[2]苏凤环,刘洪江,韩用顺.汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):956~963.Su Fenghuan1,Liu Hongjiang,Han Yongshun.The extraction ofmountain hazard induced by Wenchuan earthquake and analysis ofits distributing characteristics.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):956~963.
[3]王世新,周艺,魏成阶,等.汶川地震重灾区堰塞湖次生灾害危险性遥感评价.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):900~907.Wang Shixin,Zhou Yi,Wei Chengjie,et al.Risk Evaluation on thesecondary disasters of dammed lakes using remote sensing datasets,in the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):900~907.
[4]黄庭,张志,谷延群,等.基于遥感和GIS技术的北川县地震次生地质灾害分布特征.遥感学报[J].2009,13(1):177~182.Huang Ting,Zhang Zhi,Gu Yan-qun,et al.Distributed character-istics research of earthquake-induced secondary geological disastersin BeiChuan County:Based on GIS and remote sensing.Journal ofRemote Sensing[J].2009,13(1):177~182.
[5]陈世荣,马海建,范一大,等.基于高分辨率遥感影像的汶川地震道路损毁评估.遥感学报[J].2008,12(6):949~955.Chen Shi-rong;Ma Haijian;Fan Yida,et al.Road damage assess-ment from high resolution satellite remote sensing imagery in Wen-chuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing[J].2008,12(6):949~955.
[6]杨健,赵忠明,黄铁青.汶川地震遥感图像处理与灾难分析.中国体视学与图像分析[J].2008,13(3):151~157.YangJian;ZhaoZhongming;Huang Tieqing;Gong Jianhua;WangZhongwu.Application of remote sensing techniques in emergencysystem.Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis[J].2008,13(3):151~157.
[7]Weissel J K,Stark C P,Hovius N.Landslides triggered by the1999 Mw7.6 Chi Chi earthquake in their relationship to topogra-phy.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.IGARSS01IEEE[C],2001,2:759~761.
[8]李铁锋,徐岳仁,潘懋,等.基于多期SPOT5影像的降雨型浅层滑坡遥感解译研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2007,1(3):1~7.Li Tiefeng,Xu Yueren,Pan Mao,Cong Weiqing;Wen Mingsheng;Lian Jianfa.Study on interpretation of rain-induced group shallowlandslides based on multi-period SPOT-5 remote sensing images.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis[J].2007,1(3):1~7.
[9]唐川,朱静.城市泥石流灾害风险评价探讨.水科学进展[J].2006,17(3):67~71.TangChuan;Zhu Jing.Approach for urban debris flow risk assess-ment.Advances in Water Science[J].2006,17(3):67~71.
[10]唐川,张军,万石云,等.基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市泥石流灾害损失评估.地理科学[J],2006,26(3):358~368.Tang Chuan;Zhang Jun;Wan Shi-Yun;Zhou Chun-Hua.Lossevaluation of urban debris flow hazard using high spatial resolu-tion satellite imagery.Scientia Geographica Sinica[J].2006,26(3):358~368.
[11]Lina C W,Shieh C L,Yuan B D.Impact of Chi-Chi earthquakeon the occurrence of landslides and debris flows:example fromthe Chenyulan River watershed,Nantou,Taiwan.Engineering Ge-ology[J].71(2003)49~61.
[12]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究.工程地质学报[J].2008,16(2):751~758.Tang Chuan;Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows inBeichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered byrainstorm on september24,2008.Journal of Engineering Geology[J].2008,16(2):751~758.
[13]Chen H,Hawkins A B.Relationship between earthquake disturb-ance,tropical rainstorms and debris movement:an overview fromTaiwan.Bull Eng Geol Environ[J].2009,68:68:161~186.
[14]唐川,章书成.水力类泥石流起动机理与预报研究进展与研究方向.地球科学进展[J].2008,23(8):787~793.Tang Chuan;Zhang Shucheng.Study progress and expectation forinitiation mechanism and prediction of hydraulic-driven debrisflows.Advances in Earth Science[J].2008,23(8):787~793.
[15]Coe J A,Glancy P A,Whitney J W.Volumetric analysis andhydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near YuccaMountain Nevada.Geomorphology[J].1997,(20):11~28.
[16]Griffiths P G,Webb R H,Melis TS.Frequency and initiation ofdebris flows in Grand Canyon,Arizona.Journal of GeophysicalResearch[J].2004,109:321~336.
[17]Lin C W,Liu S H,Lee S Y,Liu C C.Impacts on the Chi-Chiearthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides in central Tai-wan.Engineering Geology[J].2006,86(2-3):87~101.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心