关岭生物群和卡尼期早期裂谷
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摘要
讨论晚三叠世卡尼期早期关岭生物群的生存环境和死亡埋葬特点,认为该生物群分布于裂谷地区;生物群的群体死亡并被迅速埋葬的原因是地震;贵州龙生物群与关岭生物群是同期生物群;"S形带"是一构造断陷带,在卡尼期早期是裂谷。
This paper discusses the geological contexts of the Guanling fauna,which occurs in the lower Carnian(Upper Triassic) Wayao Formation(=Xiaowa Formation) in the Guanling area of Guizhou Province,southwestern China,and contains a large number of exceptionally preserved marine fossils,including marine reptiles,crinoids,ammonoids,bivalves,brachiopods,and conodonts.The conclusions are as follows.1) The lithological and faunal characters,especially taphonimic features,indicate that the Guanling fauna most likely lived in a rift valley environment.The mass mortality of the fauna may have been caused by a seismic disaster according to Wang Shang-yan(2006).2) The Kueichousaurus hui fauna,which is characterized marine reptiles and associated fishes,ammonoids,bivalves,and conodonts,from the lower Carnian in Xingyi-Anlong-Luoping districts,is herein correlated with the Guanling fauna based on conodonts,ammonoids and the Halobia-assemblage.3) The spatial distribution of the Guanling fauna and the Kueichousaurus hui fauna follow a "S-shaped zone",which is interpreted as a tectonic belt situated between the Yangtze Platform and the Napanjiang Basin in the Triassic Period.This "S-shaped zone" was a fault-bounded depression in the Middle Triassic,became a rift valley in the early Carnian,and turned into a bay during the late Carnian-early Norian ages.
This paper discusses the geological contexts of the Guanling fauna,which occurs in the lower Carnian(Upper Triassic) Wayao Formation(=Xiaowa Formation) in the Guanling area of Guizhou Province,southwestern China,and contains a large number of exceptionally preserved marine fossils,including marine reptiles,crinoids,ammonoids,bivalves,brachiopods,and conodonts.The conclusions are as follows.1) The lithological and faunal characters,especially taphonimic features,indicate that the Guanling fauna most likely lived in a rift valley environment.The mass mortality of the fauna may have been caused by a seismic disaster according to Wang Shang-yan(2006).2) The Kueichousaurus hui fauna,which is characterized marine reptiles and associated fishes,ammonoids,bivalves,and conodonts,from the lower Carnian in Xingyi-Anlong-Luoping districts,is herein correlated with the Guanling fauna based on conodonts,ammonoids and the Halobia-assemblage.3) The spatial distribution of the Guanling fauna and the Kueichousaurus hui fauna follow a "S-shaped zone",which is interpreted as a tectonic belt situated between the Yangtze Platform and the Napanjiang Basin in the Triassic Period.This "S-shaped zone" was a fault-bounded depression in the Middle Triassic,became a rift valley in the early Carnian,and turned into a bay during the late Carnian-early Norian ages.
引文
陈楚震,何国雄,陈金华,孙东立,王志浩.2000.海相三叠系.见:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所编.中国地层研究二十年(1979-1999).合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.259-280
陈金华,王予卯,吴庆荣,李林炮,赵荣德,陈海筹.1992.广西凤山、西林等地中三叠统上部双壳类分带研究.古生物学报,31(4):403-422
陈立德,王成源.2002.贵州关岭地区竹竿坡组顶部及“瓦窑组”底部的牙形刺.古生物学报,41(3):349-360
广西壮族自治区地质局.1985.广西壮族自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.1-853
贵州省地质矿产局.1987.贵州省区域地质志三叠系.北京:地质出版社.277-325
贵州省地质矿产局.1997.贵州省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-306
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李淳.1999.贵州三叠纪一新鱼龙的初步研究.科学通报,44(12):1318-1321
刘俊.1999.贵州三叠纪鳍龙类的新发现.科学通报,44(12):1315-1317
孟繁松,汪啸风,陈孝红,陈辉明,张振来,徐光洪,陈立德,王传尚,孙亚莉.2002.贵州关岭生物群中植物化石的发现及其意义.地层学杂志,26(3):170-172
王柏艳,白志强,郝维成,孙元林,江大勇.2002.贵州上三叠统瓦窑组海百合化石群中的一新种.现代地质,16(3):231-236
王成源,康沛泉,王志浩.1998.以牙形刺确定胡氏贵州龙(Kueic-housaurus hui)层的时代.微体古生物学报,15(2):196-197
王红梅.2000.从牙形石论关岭动物群的时代.贵州地质,17(4):219-225
王立亭.1997.贵州扬子地层区晚三叠世双壳类生物地层.贵州地质,14(3):204-210
王立亭.2000.贵州中晚三叠世海生爬行动物研究概况.贵州地质,17(1):27-29
王立亭.2002.贵州三叠纪海生爬行动物研究进展.贵州地质,19(4):6-9
王尚彦.2006.关岭生物群的生活环境与演化.地质学报,80(4):481-490
王尚彦,王宁.2002.关岭生物群的生活环境.贵州地质,19(4):240-241
王尚彦,王敏,刘家仁.2005.关岭生物群产出地层的岩石微相和环境意义.贵州地质,22(1):43-45
王砚耕,王立亭,王尚彦.2000.试论关岭动物群及其科学意义.贵州地质,17(3):145-151
汪啸风,陈孝红,王传尚,陈立德,孟繁松,张振来.2001.关岭生物群的特征和科学意义.中国地质,28(2):6-10
汪啸风,陈孝红,陈立德,王传尚.2003.贵州关岭生物群研究的进展和存在问题(代序).地质通报,22(4):221-227
汪啸风,陈孝红等.2004.关岭生物群──探索两亿年前海洋生物世界奥秘的窗口.北京:地质出版社.1-120
汪啸风,陈孝红,Bachman G H,Sander M,Hagdorn C G,王传尚,程龙,陈辉明,陈立德,徐光洪,孟繁松,曾庆銮.2004.关岭生物群──生物组合、沉积环境和埋葬模式.北京:地质出版社.1-166
魏家庸.2008.贵州三叠纪自然遗产及世界地质公园申报.贵州地质,25(4):241-246
徐光洪,牛志军,陈辉明.2003.贵州关岭三叠系竹杆坡组—小凹组头足类化石.地质通报,22(4):254-265
杨钟健.1958.贵州新发现的肿肋龙化石.古脊椎动物学报,2(2-3):69-81
杨守仁,刘疆,张明发.1995.贵州西部“法郎组”牙形石及其时代.地层学杂志,19(3):161-170
云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志三叠系.北京:地质出版社.179-201
陈金华,王予卯,吴庆荣,李林炮,赵荣德,陈海筹.1992.广西凤山、西林等地中三叠统上部双壳类分带研究.古生物学报,31(4):403-422
陈立德,王成源.2002.贵州关岭地区竹竿坡组顶部及“瓦窑组”底部的牙形刺.古生物学报,41(3):349-360
广西壮族自治区地质局.1985.广西壮族自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.1-853
贵州省地质矿产局.1987.贵州省区域地质志三叠系.北京:地质出版社.277-325
贵州省地质矿产局.1997.贵州省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-306
贵州省地矿局区调院.1996.贵州省地层典.贵阳:贵州科技出版社.1-508
郭福祥.1985.云南的双壳类化石.昆明:云南科技出版社.1-319
李淳.1999.贵州三叠纪一新鱼龙的初步研究.科学通报,44(12):1318-1321
刘俊.1999.贵州三叠纪鳍龙类的新发现.科学通报,44(12):1315-1317
孟繁松,汪啸风,陈孝红,陈辉明,张振来,徐光洪,陈立德,王传尚,孙亚莉.2002.贵州关岭生物群中植物化石的发现及其意义.地层学杂志,26(3):170-172
王柏艳,白志强,郝维成,孙元林,江大勇.2002.贵州上三叠统瓦窑组海百合化石群中的一新种.现代地质,16(3):231-236
王成源,康沛泉,王志浩.1998.以牙形刺确定胡氏贵州龙(Kueic-housaurus hui)层的时代.微体古生物学报,15(2):196-197
王红梅.2000.从牙形石论关岭动物群的时代.贵州地质,17(4):219-225
王立亭.1997.贵州扬子地层区晚三叠世双壳类生物地层.贵州地质,14(3):204-210
王立亭.2000.贵州中晚三叠世海生爬行动物研究概况.贵州地质,17(1):27-29
王立亭.2002.贵州三叠纪海生爬行动物研究进展.贵州地质,19(4):6-9
王尚彦.2006.关岭生物群的生活环境与演化.地质学报,80(4):481-490
王尚彦,王宁.2002.关岭生物群的生活环境.贵州地质,19(4):240-241
王尚彦,王敏,刘家仁.2005.关岭生物群产出地层的岩石微相和环境意义.贵州地质,22(1):43-45
王砚耕,王立亭,王尚彦.2000.试论关岭动物群及其科学意义.贵州地质,17(3):145-151
汪啸风,陈孝红,王传尚,陈立德,孟繁松,张振来.2001.关岭生物群的特征和科学意义.中国地质,28(2):6-10
汪啸风,陈孝红,陈立德,王传尚.2003.贵州关岭生物群研究的进展和存在问题(代序).地质通报,22(4):221-227
汪啸风,陈孝红等.2004.关岭生物群──探索两亿年前海洋生物世界奥秘的窗口.北京:地质出版社.1-120
汪啸风,陈孝红,Bachman G H,Sander M,Hagdorn C G,王传尚,程龙,陈辉明,陈立德,徐光洪,孟繁松,曾庆銮.2004.关岭生物群──生物组合、沉积环境和埋葬模式.北京:地质出版社.1-166
魏家庸.2008.贵州三叠纪自然遗产及世界地质公园申报.贵州地质,25(4):241-246
徐光洪,牛志军,陈辉明.2003.贵州关岭三叠系竹杆坡组—小凹组头足类化石.地质通报,22(4):254-265
杨钟健.1958.贵州新发现的肿肋龙化石.古脊椎动物学报,2(2-3):69-81
杨守仁,刘疆,张明发.1995.贵州西部“法郎组”牙形石及其时代.地层学杂志,19(3):161-170
云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志三叠系.北京:地质出版社.179-201
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