华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像
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摘要
本文利用华北地震科学台阵2007年1～4月份、190个宽频带和10个甚宽带垂直分量的地震噪声数据,通过互相关方法提取了瑞利面波的经验格林函数,用多重滤波方法测量了瑞利面波的群速度频散曲线.我们将研究区域划分为0.5°×0.5°的网格,利用噪声层析成像方法得到了研究区域7 s、12 s、16 s、23 s 的瑞利面波群速度分布图像,所得结果较好地揭示了地壳内部、尤其是浅部地壳的横向速度变化.研究表明,短周期的群速度分布同地表地质结构、地形密切相关;华北地区的地壳结构具有明显的横向不均匀性,华北盆地及山间的沉积盆地显示出低速异常,而基岩广泛出露的太行山和燕山隆起区,呈现高速异常;多数强震(M≥6.0级)都发生在高群速度与低群速度的过渡地带.
We present the results of Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North China using ambient seismic noise observed at 190 broadband and 10 very broadband stations from North China Seismic Array.All available vertical component time-series for the 4 months span between Jan,2007 and Apr,2007 have been cross-correlated to yield estimated empirical Rayleigh wave Green's functions.Group velocity dispersion curves were measured by applying multiple filter method.Group velocity maps withagrid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° at 7 s,12 s,16 s,and 23 s are reconstructed.The resulting ambient noise group velocity maps reveal the lateral velocity changes in the crust,especially in upper crust very well.Our results reveal an evident lateral heterogeneity of the curst in North China and demonstrate significant agreement with known geological and tectonic features at short periods.Orogenic belt and uplift areas,such as Yanshan uplift and Taihangshan uplift have high velocities,while depressions and sedimentary basins,such as North China basin,have low velocities.Most of the strong earthquakes(M≥6.0) occurred at the transition zones between high and low group velocities.
We present the results of Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North China using ambient seismic noise observed at 190 broadband and 10 very broadband stations from North China Seismic Array.All available vertical component time-series for the 4 months span between Jan,2007 and Apr,2007 have been cross-correlated to yield estimated empirical Rayleigh wave Green's functions.Group velocity dispersion curves were measured by applying multiple filter method.Group velocity maps withagrid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° at 7 s,12 s,16 s,and 23 s are reconstructed.The resulting ambient noise group velocity maps reveal the lateral velocity changes in the crust,especially in upper crust very well.Our results reveal an evident lateral heterogeneity of the curst in North China and demonstrate significant agreement with known geological and tectonic features at short periods.Orogenic belt and uplift areas,such as Yanshan uplift and Taihangshan uplift have high velocities,while depressions and sedimentary basins,such as North China basin,have low velocities.Most of the strong earthquakes(M≥6.0) occurred at the transition zones between high and low group velocities.
引文
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[7] 于湘伟,陈运泰.王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(1) :1～14 Yu X W,Chen Y T.Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wave velocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :1～14
[8] 何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的瑞利波群速度分布图像与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(3) :252～259 He Z Q,Ding Z F.Ye T L,et al.The group velocity distribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3) :252～259
[9] Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2) ,2073,doi:10． 1029/2001JB001696
[10] Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient noise.Science,2005,307:1615～1618
[11] Yao H,Vander Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-I.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:732～744
[12] Lin F C,Ritzwoller M H,Townend J,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography of New Zealand.Geophys.J. Int.,2007,170(2) :649～666
[13] Yang Y,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168(1) :259～274
[14] Zheng S,Sun X,Song X,et al.Surface wave tomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9,Q05020,doi:10． 1029/2008GC001981
[15] Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169:1239～1260
[16] 姚华建,徐果明,肖翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1) :1～8 Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing method based on image analysis technique for the determination of dual stations phase velocities dispersion curve of surface wave.Seismol.Geomagn.Observ.Res.(in Chinese),2004,25(1) :1～8
[17] Ditmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.Generalization of Backus-Gilbert method for estimation of lateral variations of surface wave velocities.Phys.Solid Earth,Izvestia Acad.Sci.U.S.S.R.1987,23(6) :470～477
[18] Yanovskaya T B,Ditmar P G.Smoothness criteria in surface wave tomography.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102:63～72
[19] 嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :611～620 Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3) :611～620
[20] 何正勤,苏伟,叶太兰.云南地区的短周期面波相速度层析成像研究,地震学报,2004,26(6) :583～590 He Z Q,Su W,Ye T L.Seismic tomography of Yunnan region using short-period surface wave phase velocity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,26(6) :583～590
[21] 国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982． 71～79 Editorial Group of“The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake”.State Seismological Bureau.The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982． 71～79
[22] 刘国栋,顾群,史书林等.京津唐渤和周围地区地壳上地幔电性结构及其与地震活动性的意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(2) :149～157 Liu G D,Gu Q,Shi S L.et al.The electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle and its implication with seismicity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and adjacent area.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1993,36(2) :147～157
[23] 高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1993 Gao W X,Ma J.Seismo-geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[24] 藏绍先,杨军亮.我国华北等地区板内地震的深度分布及其物理背景.地震地质,1984,6(5) :67～75 Zang S X,Yang J L.Focal depth distribution and its physical background of the intraplate earthquakes in North China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1984,6(5) :67～75
[25] 杨理华,刘德林,赵喜柱等.北京、天津、河北地震构造.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989 Yang L H,Liu D L,Zhao X Z.et al.Seismotectonics of Hebei province.including Beijing and Tianjin.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989
[26] 中国地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录.北京:地震出版社,1995 The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995
[27] 中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999 The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalogue of Chinese Present Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999
[28] 中国地震台网中心地震数据管理与服务系统.http://www.csndmc.ac.cn/newweb/index.jsp China Earthquake Networks Center,Seismic Data Management and Service System.http://www.csndmc.ac.cn/newweb/index.jsp
[2] 丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991 Ding G Y.Introduction of Lithospheric Dynamics in China(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991
[3] 赖锡安,黄立人,徐菊生等编.中国大陆现今地壳运动.北京:地震出版社,2004． 29～31 Lai X A,Huang L R,Xu J S,et al.Present-Day Crustal Movement in China Continent(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2004． 29～31
[4] 汪一鹏,邓起东,朱世龙.华北地区岩石圈动力学特征.马杏垣主编.中国岩石动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989 Wang Y P.Deng Q D.Zhu S L.Lithospheric dynamics of North China.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989
[5] 邓起东等.中国活动断层分布图(1:400万).北京:科学出版社,2004 Deng Q D,et al.Distribution of Active Faults in China(1:4000000) (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004
[6] 曾融生.陆涵行,丁志峰.从地震折射和反射剖面结果讨论唐山地震成因.地球物理学报,1988,31(4) :383～397 Zeng R S,Lu H X,Ding Z F.Seismic refraction and reflection profilings across Tangshan epicentral region and their implication to seismogenic processes.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1988,31(4) :383～397
[7] 于湘伟,陈运泰.王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(1) :1～14 Yu X W,Chen Y T.Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wave velocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :1～14
[8] 何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的瑞利波群速度分布图像与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(3) :252～259 He Z Q,Ding Z F.Ye T L,et al.The group velocity distribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3) :252～259
[9] Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y,et al.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2) ,2073,doi:10． 1029/2001JB001696
[10] Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient noise.Science,2005,307:1615～1618
[11] Yao H,Vander Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-I.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166:732～744
[12] Lin F C,Ritzwoller M H,Townend J,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography of New Zealand.Geophys.J. Int.,2007,170(2) :649～666
[13] Yang Y,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168(1) :259～274
[14] Zheng S,Sun X,Song X,et al.Surface wave tomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9,Q05020,doi:10． 1029/2008GC001981
[15] Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169:1239～1260
[16] 姚华建,徐果明,肖翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1) :1～8 Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing method based on image analysis technique for the determination of dual stations phase velocities dispersion curve of surface wave.Seismol.Geomagn.Observ.Res.(in Chinese),2004,25(1) :1～8
[17] Ditmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.Generalization of Backus-Gilbert method for estimation of lateral variations of surface wave velocities.Phys.Solid Earth,Izvestia Acad.Sci.U.S.S.R.1987,23(6) :470～477
[18] Yanovskaya T B,Ditmar P G.Smoothness criteria in surface wave tomography.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102:63～72
[19] 嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :611～620 Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3) :611～620
[20] 何正勤,苏伟,叶太兰.云南地区的短周期面波相速度层析成像研究,地震学报,2004,26(6) :583～590 He Z Q,Su W,Ye T L.Seismic tomography of Yunnan region using short-period surface wave phase velocity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,26(6) :583～590
[21] 国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社,1982． 71～79 Editorial Group of“The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake”.State Seismological Bureau.The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1982． 71～79
[22] 刘国栋,顾群,史书林等.京津唐渤和周围地区地壳上地幔电性结构及其与地震活动性的意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(2) :149～157 Liu G D,Gu Q,Shi S L.et al.The electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle and its implication with seismicity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and adjacent area.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1993,36(2) :147～157
[23] 高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1993 Gao W X,Ma J.Seismo-geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[24] 藏绍先,杨军亮.我国华北等地区板内地震的深度分布及其物理背景.地震地质,1984,6(5) :67～75 Zang S X,Yang J L.Focal depth distribution and its physical background of the intraplate earthquakes in North China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1984,6(5) :67～75
[25] 杨理华,刘德林,赵喜柱等.北京、天津、河北地震构造.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989 Yang L H,Liu D L,Zhao X Z.et al.Seismotectonics of Hebei province.including Beijing and Tianjin.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989
[26] 中国地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录.北京:地震出版社,1995 The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995
[27] 中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999 The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of China Earthquake Administration.Catalogue of Chinese Present Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999
[28] 中国地震台网中心地震数据管理与服务系统.http://www.csndmc.ac.cn/newweb/index.jsp China Earthquake Networks Center,Seismic Data Management and Service System.http://www.csndmc.ac.cn/newweb/index.jsp
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