川主寺—黄龙左行走滑剪切断层和松潘—平武剪切转换构造体制
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摘要
石炭系碳酸盐岩中大规模断层崖残留体是研究区新构造变动的显著地貌特征。相关摩擦滑动面的产状、擦痕线理定向及其运动学标志的野外观测数据表明,西起川主寺,东抵黄龙乡,中更新世(Q2)以来存在一条近东西走向的左行走滑断层。沿川主寺—黄龙左行走滑断层的位移在切错了近SN走向的岷山隆起后,向东追踪并改造先存的雪山逆冲断层,在黄龙乡以东通过3种方式发生了构造和位移转换,即(1)其前方北侧派生出一系列NE走向的左行剪切断裂;(2)沿走向位移逐渐减弱为顺层滑动;(3)其前方南侧转化为沿近SN向虎牙断裂的左旋斜冲。川主寺—黄龙断裂的构造几何学和运动学特征及其与岷江、虎牙冲断层的构造联系,支持一个左行剪切转换构造体制。松潘—平武地区的卫星遥感图像,1970—2008年的地震活动性,以及1991年以来4次GPS重复测量结果所建立的现今位移矢量场等证据表明,川主寺—黄龙左行走滑断裂系统是继东昆仑—岷江断裂组合之后发育起来的、现在仍然活动的剪切转换断裂构造,是青藏高原东缘东北角的典型地震构造样式之一,反映了青藏高原物质具有向东逃逸的趋势。
Relics of faultage cliff in Carboniferous carbonate rocks are one of the distinct landforms resulted from neotectonic movement in the study area. Frictional traces and kinematic indicators on various fracture surfaces within the relics demonstrated that a nearly EW trending,left lateral strike-slip fault extending from Chuanzhusi in the west to Huanglong village in the east occurred since the Medio-Pleistocene. The recognized Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault cut off an older SN trending Minjiang thrusting system,running eastwards,following and reworking the previous Xueshan Thrust Belt,and finally transforming itself into three alternating fault components:(1)growing into a group of NE trending shear bands at its northern side,(2)becoming interlayer-gliding at its front where the layering subparallel to the fault,and (3)transforming its movement sense to be an oblique down slip along a SN trending Huya thrust at its southern side. The geometry and kinematics of the Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault and its regional tectonic relationships with the Minjiang and the Huya thrust system are in favor of a left lateral transform strike-slip fault system. The data derived from interpretation of satellite remote sensing images,the analysis of seismicity in 1970-2008 and the displacement vector field induced by GPS measurements that repeated four times since 1991 in the Songpan-Pingwu Area show that the Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault system is an active transpressional shear belts developed following the eastern Kunlun-Minjiang transpressional shear fault system,and is one of the typical seismo-tectonic model in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,indicating the eastward escape of the Tibet Plateau materials.
Relics of faultage cliff in Carboniferous carbonate rocks are one of the distinct landforms resulted from neotectonic movement in the study area. Frictional traces and kinematic indicators on various fracture surfaces within the relics demonstrated that a nearly EW trending,left lateral strike-slip fault extending from Chuanzhusi in the west to Huanglong village in the east occurred since the Medio-Pleistocene. The recognized Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault cut off an older SN trending Minjiang thrusting system,running eastwards,following and reworking the previous Xueshan Thrust Belt,and finally transforming itself into three alternating fault components:(1)growing into a group of NE trending shear bands at its northern side,(2)becoming interlayer-gliding at its front where the layering subparallel to the fault,and (3)transforming its movement sense to be an oblique down slip along a SN trending Huya thrust at its southern side. The geometry and kinematics of the Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault and its regional tectonic relationships with the Minjiang and the Huya thrust system are in favor of a left lateral transform strike-slip fault system. The data derived from interpretation of satellite remote sensing images,the analysis of seismicity in 1970-2008 and the displacement vector field induced by GPS measurements that repeated four times since 1991 in the Songpan-Pingwu Area show that the Chuanzhusi-Huanglong strike-slip fault system is an active transpressional shear belts developed following the eastern Kunlun-Minjiang transpressional shear fault system,and is one of the typical seismo-tectonic model in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,indicating the eastward escape of the Tibet Plateau materials.
引文
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[4]Christie-Blick N,Biddle K T.Deformation and basin forma-tion along strike-slip faults[C]∥Biddle K T,Christie-Blick N.Strike-Slip Deformation,Basin Formation,and Sedi men-tation.Special Publication,Society of Economic Paleontolo-gists and Mineralogists,1985,37:1-34.
[5]Westaway R.Deformation around stepovers in strike-slip fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17:831-846.
[6]Dooley T,McClay K.Analog modeling of pull-apart basins[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1997,81:1804-1826.
[7]Crowell J C.Sedi mentation along the San Andreas Fault,California[C]∥Dott R H,Shaver R H.Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedi mentation.Special Publication,Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,1974,19:292-303.
[8]Crowell J C.Origin of Late Cenozoic basins of Southern Cali-fornia[C]∥Dickinson W R.Tectonics and Sedi mentation.Special Publication,Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,1974,22:190-204.
[9]Dooley T,McClay K R,Bonora M.4Devolution of segmen-ted strike-slip fault systems:Applications to N.W.Europe[C]∥Fleet AJ,Boldy S A R.Proceedings of the5th Confer-ence:Petroleum Geology of N.W.Europe.Geological Socie-ty of London,1999:215-225.
[10]McClay K R,Bonora M.Analogue models of restraining stepovers in strike-slip fault systems[J].American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2001,85:233-260.
[11]Dong S W,Zhang Y Q,Long C X,et al.Surface rupturein-vestigation of the WenchuanMs8.0earthquake of May12th,2008,West Sichuan,and analysis of its occurrence setting[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2008,29(3):392-396(in Chi-nese).
[12]Xu Z Q,Hou L W,Wang Z X,et al.Orogenic Processes of the Songpan-GarzêOrogenic Belt of China[M].Beijing:Geo-logical Publishing House,1992:1-190(in Chinese).
[13]Qian H,Ma S H,Gong Y.Discussions on the Minjiang Fault[J].Earthquake Researchin China,1995,11(2):140-146(in Chinese).
[14]Deng T G.A comparison of structural characteristics of the Songpan-Pingwu Region and the SE segment of the Xianshui He Fault[C]∥Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province.Collected Works of the Conference on the Songpan Earth-quake Prediction.Beijing:Seismological Press,1989(in Chi-nese).
[15]Yang J C,Deng T G,Wang Y H,et al.The Quaternarytec-tonic stress states over the up-streamarea of Minjiang river in Sichuan and its relations to earthquakes[J].Seismology and Geology,1979,1(3):68-75(in Chinese).
[16]Ren J W,Wang Y P,Wu Z M,et al.Quaternary faulting of Eastern Kunlun Fault(Xidatan-Dongdatan),Northern Tibet-an Plateau[C]∥Institute of Geology,CSB.Research on Ac-tive Fault(7).Beijing:Seismological Press,1999:147-164(in Chinese).
[17]Zhou RJ,Pu X H,He Y L,et al.Recent activity of Min-jiang fault zone,uplift of Minshan block and their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,2000,22(3):285-294(in Chinese).
[18]Yi G X,Wen X X,Wang S W,et al.Study on fault sliding behaviors and strong-earthquake risk of the Longmenshan-Minshan fault zones from current seismicity parameters[J].Earthquake Researchin China,2006,22(2):117-125(in Chi-nese).
[19]Chen G G,Ji FJ,Zhou RJ,et al.Pri mary research of activ-ity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since Late-Qua-ternary[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(3):657-673(in Chinese).
[20]Si J T,Liu S.Geological features,deformation sequence and evolution of the Minjiang fault on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2008,28(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[21]Zhang Y Q,Yang N,Shi W,et al.Neotectonics of Eastern Tibet and its control on the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1668-1678(in Chinese).
[22]Ren J S.Geotectonics Map of China and Its Vicinage(1∶5000000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002(in Chinese).
[23]Fu X F,Hou L W,Li HB,et al.Coseismic deformation oftheMs8.0Wenchuan earthquake and its relationship with geological hazards[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1733-1746(in Chinese).
[24]Tang WQ,Liu YP,Chen Z L,et al.The preli minary study of the tectonic activities along the boundary faults around the Minshan Uplift,Western Sichuan[J].Sedi mentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2004,24(4):31-34(in Chinese).
[25]Li HB,Fu X F,van der Woerd J,et al.Co-seismic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of theMs8.0Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1623-1643(in Chinese).
[26]The2nd Teamof Regional Geological Survey,Geological Bu-reau of Sichuan Province.Zhangla Sheet I-48-XXVI(Geolog-ical Part),Report of Regional Geological Survey(Scale:1∶200000)of People s Republic of China[R].Luojiang:[s.n].,1978:1-139(in Chinese).
[27]Ma Y S,Shi W,Zhang Y Q,et al.Characteristics of the ac-tivity of the Maqu segment of the East Kunlun active fault belt andits eastward extension[J].Geological Bulletin of Chi-na,2005,24(1):30-35(in Chinese).
[28]Tang R C,Han WB.Active Faults and Earthquakes in Si-chuan[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993(in Chinese).
[29]Deng Q D,Chen S F,Zhao X L.Tectonics,seismicity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains andits adjacent regions[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(4):389-403(in Chi-nese).
[30]Zhang J S,Huang X N,Liu J M.Tectonic i mplication of stockwork microbreccias[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(1):68-75.
[31]The28th Unit of Regional Geological Survey Team of Shaanxi Province,Ministry of Geology.Instruction of Geological Map(Scale:1∶200000)of Mineral Deposits,Wenxian Sheet I-48-XXVII,People s Republic of China[R].Wugong:[s.n].,1970(in Chinese).
[32]Zhang Y Q,Yang N,Chen W,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation history of the east-west geomorphological bound-ary zone of China and uplift process of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(4):599-612(in Chinese).
[33]Ma Z J,Zhang J S,Wang YP.The3-Ddeformational move-ment episodes and neotectonic domains in the Qinghai Tibet plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1998,72(3):211-227(in Chinese).
[11]董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴,等.四川汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂构造初步调查与发震背景分析[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):392-396.
[12]许志琴,侯立炜,王宗秀,等.中国松潘—甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-190.
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