震级频度与古登堡-里克特关系式偏离的前兆意义
|
摘要
地震震级频度的古登堡-里克特关系式(简称G-R关系式)一直是许多地震学问题研究的重要前提之一,然而实际分布常常与这一关系式有一定的偏离。文中利用已有的对含有凹凸体、挤压雁列破裂及Ⅲ型剪切破裂等三种类型的岩石实验结果,对接收到的声发射事件序列分别进行了分段地震震级频度的G-R关系式拟合,重点考察了每一时间窗内表征实际地震震级频度与这一关系式偏离程度的线性拟合系数r值的变化。研究结果表明,含有凹凸体、挤压雁列破裂的岩石声发射序列在加压-破裂过程中,分段扫描分别计算得出的r值在标本失稳前出现数字下降的现象,表明临近岩石失稳,实际地震震级频度与G-R关系式偏离程度有加大的趋势;而含Ⅲ型剪切破裂的岩石在标本失稳前,声发射序列r值数字下降的现象不明显。部分实际震例也表明,在一些中强地震前也存在着这种偏离。研究结果可能对利用区域地震活动资料探求部分类型的中强地震前可能存在的前兆信息具有一定的参考意义。
The G-R relation between the earthquake magnitude and frequency has been an important premise in seismological study,but its actual distribution often deviates from its theoretic result.Based on the experimental results of the three types of rock samples containing macro-asperity,compressional en-echelon fracture and model-Ⅲ shear fracture,this paper has newly fitted the G-R relation in the sequences of the rock sample's acoustic emission by the different scales of magnitude and frequency,and emphatically reviewed the change of the linear fitting coefficient value,which figures the actual deviation degree of earthquake magnitude and frequency from the G-R relation within every time window.The results show that the value that counted separately is becomes lower before the instability occurred in the process of deformation of the three types of rock samples,indicating that the deviation degree of earthquake magnitude and frequency from the G-R relation is increases.Some earthquakes cases tell us that the deviation degree exactly exists before the occurrence of moderate earthquakes.The results provide certain useful reference in searching the precursors before the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes by using the data of the regional seismic activity.
The G-R relation between the earthquake magnitude and frequency has been an important premise in seismological study,but its actual distribution often deviates from its theoretic result.Based on the experimental results of the three types of rock samples containing macro-asperity,compressional en-echelon fracture and model-Ⅲ shear fracture,this paper has newly fitted the G-R relation in the sequences of the rock sample's acoustic emission by the different scales of magnitude and frequency,and emphatically reviewed the change of the linear fitting coefficient value,which figures the actual deviation degree of earthquake magnitude and frequency from the G-R relation within every time window.The results show that the value that counted separately is becomes lower before the instability occurred in the process of deformation of the three types of rock samples,indicating that the deviation degree of earthquake magnitude and frequency from the G-R relation is increases.Some earthquakes cases tell us that the deviation degree exactly exists before the occurrence of moderate earthquakes.The results provide certain useful reference in searching the precursors before the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes by using the data of the regional seismic activity.
引文
[1]Gutenberg B,Richter C F.Frequency of earthquakes in California[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1944,34:185-188.
[2]力武常次.地震预报[M].冯锐、周新华译.北京:地震出版社,1976.
[3]李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[4]耿鲁民,石耀霖,张国民.地震活动的简化模型研究[J].地震,1993,13(1):68-75.
[5]Mogi K.Study of elastic shocks caused by the fracture of heterogeneous materials and its relation toearthquake phenomena[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst Tokyo Univer,1962,40:125-173.
[6]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1966~1975)[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[7]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1976~1980)[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[8]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1981~1985)[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[9]朱元清,石耀霖.地震活动性研究中的非线性动力学模型[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1):31-40.
[10]宇津德治.对地震频度-震级关系式中参数的估计包含最大震级参数C的情况[J].国外地震,1980,(3):12-16.
[11]Sokuda S,Ouchi T,Tterashima T.Deviation of magnitude frequency distribution of earthquakesfrom the Gutenberg-Richter low:detection of precursory anomalies prior to large earthquakes[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1992,73(3-4):229-238.
[12]王炜.η值的空间扫描[J].地震,1983,3(5):7-10.
[13]李志雄,张国民,傅征祥,等.中强地震前地震频次-震级关系式拟合优度变化的研究[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):229-236.
[14]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕,等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-434.
[15]蒋海昆,马胜利,张流,等.含障碍体平直断层标本变形过程中群体微破裂事件的时空演化特征[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):209-216.
[16]马胜利,刘力强,马谨,等.基于实验结果讨论断层破裂与强震物理过程的若干问题[J].地学前沿,2003,10(特刊):225-232.
[2]力武常次.地震预报[M].冯锐、周新华译.北京:地震出版社,1976.
[3]李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[4]耿鲁民,石耀霖,张国民.地震活动的简化模型研究[J].地震,1993,13(1):68-75.
[5]Mogi K.Study of elastic shocks caused by the fracture of heterogeneous materials and its relation toearthquake phenomena[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst Tokyo Univer,1962,40:125-173.
[6]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1966~1975)[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[7]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1976~1980)[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[8]张肇诚,罗兰格,李海华,等.中国震例(1981~1985)[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[9]朱元清,石耀霖.地震活动性研究中的非线性动力学模型[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1):31-40.
[10]宇津德治.对地震频度-震级关系式中参数的估计包含最大震级参数C的情况[J].国外地震,1980,(3):12-16.
[11]Sokuda S,Ouchi T,Tterashima T.Deviation of magnitude frequency distribution of earthquakesfrom the Gutenberg-Richter low:detection of precursory anomalies prior to large earthquakes[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1992,73(3-4):229-238.
[12]王炜.η值的空间扫描[J].地震,1983,3(5):7-10.
[13]李志雄,张国民,傅征祥,等.中强地震前地震频次-震级关系式拟合优度变化的研究[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):229-236.
[14]马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕,等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-434.
[15]蒋海昆,马胜利,张流,等.含障碍体平直断层标本变形过程中群体微破裂事件的时空演化特征[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):209-216.
[16]马胜利,刘力强,马谨,等.基于实验结果讨论断层破裂与强震物理过程的若干问题[J].地学前沿,2003,10(特刊):225-232.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心