局部指数拟合异常提取法在普光气田的应用
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摘要
在分析现有一些地震属性预测油气的应用效果及局限性基础上,提出了一种新型的地震参数提取方法——局部指数拟合异常提取法(曾称之为"地震数据体结构特征预测油气方法").该方法首先假定地震波形局部是由背景和异常组成,其背景用指数函数拟合,拟合残差沿深度积分符合最小二乘原则;然后,进行灰度矢量相关分析,并借以预测油气储集体所在位置和分布特征.应用该法,可以实现油气储层预测中纵、横向算法和划分标准的统一,图与表的联动对比,最大限度地减少了人为因素的影响,从而较大地提高了钻前油气预测的成功率.最后,以普光气田为例,利用该方法所研究的结果,经4口实钻井验证,均获得巨厚气层,取得了显著的经济效益,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性,值得推广应用.
The method of extracting local exponential fitting abnormity is a new seismic attributes extraction technology which was previously called seismic data structure characteristic method. First,local seismic waveform is assumed to be made up of background and abnormity;the background can be fitted with exponential function,and the integration of fitting error along depth accords with least squares principle.Then we can predict the location and the plane distribution by computing the seismic data amplitude structure abnormal value to do correlation analysis.Using this method,we can adopt the same arithmetic and partition criterion for hydrocarbon prediction in the vertical and horizontal direction,decreasing the artificial effect,and enhancing the veracity and the reliability of the predrilling hydrocarbon prediction.We have applied this method in the Puguang gas field.And we provide four exploration wells with the study results.All wells confirm that there are very big thick pay-layers by the drilling results. The result will be a good proof for further developments in the field.The method has very good practicability.
The method of extracting local exponential fitting abnormity is a new seismic attributes extraction technology which was previously called seismic data structure characteristic method. First,local seismic waveform is assumed to be made up of background and abnormity;the background can be fitted with exponential function,and the integration of fitting error along depth accords with least squares principle.Then we can predict the location and the plane distribution by computing the seismic data amplitude structure abnormal value to do correlation analysis.Using this method,we can adopt the same arithmetic and partition criterion for hydrocarbon prediction in the vertical and horizontal direction,decreasing the artificial effect,and enhancing the veracity and the reliability of the predrilling hydrocarbon prediction.We have applied this method in the Puguang gas field.And we provide four exploration wells with the study results.All wells confirm that there are very big thick pay-layers by the drilling results. The result will be a good proof for further developments in the field.The method has very good practicability.
引文
[1] 李津,孙渊,张成利.地震属性参数神经网络油气预测应用研究.西安石油学院学报,1999,14(6) :17～19 Li J,Sun Y,Zhang C L.Prediction of oil and gas based on seismic data by fuzzy BP neural network.J.of Xi'an Petr.Inst.(in Chinese),1999,14(6) :17～19
[2] 郭淑文.二维叠前模式识别方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3) :313～317 Guo S W.Study on methods of 2D prestack pattern recognition.OGP(in Chinese),2008,43(3) :313～317
[3] 郑春雷,史忠科.基于神经网络的油气预测方法.西北工业大学学报,2003,21(5) :574～577 Zheng C L,Shi Z K.Neural network prediction method and its application to oil and gas forecast.Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University (in Chinese),2003,21(5) :574～577
[4] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) :194～197 Wang Z G,Chen X H,Wang X J,et al.Cases analysis of applying AVO to detect hydrocarbon.OGP (in Chinese),2007,42(2) :194～197
[5] 顾功叙.顾功叙文集.北京:地质出版社,1999． 297～302 Gu G X.Collected Works of Gu Gongxu (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999． 297～302
[6] 黄绪德.油气预测与油气藏描述.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2003 Huang X D.Prediction About Oil-Gas & Description of Reservoir(in Chinese).Nanjing:Jiangsu Phoenix Science Press,2003
[7] O'Doherty R F,Anstey N A.Reflections on amplitudes.Geophys.Prospect.,1971,19:430～458
[8] Banik N C,Lerche T,Shuey R T.Stratigraphic filtering,Part Ⅰ:Derivation of O' Doherty-Anstey formula.Geophysics,1985,50:2768～2774
[9] Shapiro S A,Zien H.The O' Doherty-Anstey formula and localization of seismic waves.Geophysics,1993,58:736～740
[10] 尹陈,贺振华,黄德济.基于波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究及应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(3) :263～267 Yin C,He Z H,Huang D J.Research and application of the attenuation theory for seismic wave based on the wave equation.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2008,35(3) :263～267
[11] 陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :215～221 Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009,52(1) :215～221
[12] 何诚,李邗,张延充等.单频成像技术在油气检测中的应用.天然气工业,2008,28(4) :40～42 He C,Li H,Zhang Y C,et al.Application of monofrequency imaging in oil and gas recognition.Natr.Gas Ind.,2008,28(4) :40～42
[13] 刘洪,何利,刘国锋等.地层滤波公式的李代数积分证明.中国地质地球物理研究进展--庆贺刘光鼎院士80华诞.北京:科学出版社,2008． 412～422 Liu H,He L,Liu G F,et al.Lie algebra integral demonstration of earth filtering formula.The paper collection in memory of 80th anniversary of Academician Liu Guangding (in Chinese).Beijing:Sciences Press,2008． 412～422
[14] 刘文岭,李刚,夏海英.地震波形特征分析定量描述方法.大庆石油地质与开发,1999,18(4) :44～46 Liu W L,Li G,Xia H Y.Quantitative description method for characteristic analysis of seismic waveform.PGODD (in Chinese),1999,18(4) :44～46
[15] 刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析.地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :743～753 Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,et al.The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(3) :743～753
[16] 刘伟方,于兴河,黄兴文等.利用地震属性进行无井条件下的储层及含油气预测.西南石油学院学报,2006,28(4) :22～25 Liu W F,Yu X H,Huang X W,et al.Study of using seismic attribute to predicate reservoir and oil-gas bearing under little well.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute (in Chinese) , 2006,28(4) :22～25
[17] Lin Changrong,Wang Shangxu,Zhang Yong.Predicting the distribution of reservoirs by applying the method of seismic data structure characteristics;Example from the eighth zone in Tahe Oilfield.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(4) :234～242
[18] Lin Changrong.Application of Grey System Theory to Gas Pool Prediction of 3D Seismic Data Prior to Drilling,1999,SPE 54274
[19] Wang Shangxu,Lin Changrong,The analysis of seismic data structure and oil and gas prediction.Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2) :75～82
[20] 刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996 Liu W L.Seismic Technology in Field Development (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996
[21] 林昌荣,王尚旭,夏强.川东北地区飞仙关组地震反射特征及地震相分析.油气田地面工程,2007,26(4) :10～12 Lin C R,Wang S X,Xia Q.Seismic reflection and seismic facies analysis of Feixianguan,northeast of Sichuan Province.Oil-Gas field Surface Engineering (in Chinese),2007,26 (4) :10～12
[22] 林昌荣,王尚旭,马在田等.地震数据体结构特征时空关系与油气预测.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2) :208～215 Lin C R,Wang S X,Ma Z T,et al.Space-time relationship of seismic data structure and hydrocarbon prediction.Petroleum Exploration and Development (in Chinese) ,2009 ,36(2) :208～215
[23] 林昌荣,王尚旭,张骥东.储层物性参数预测技术在大牛地气田开发中的应用.天然气工业,2007,27(增刊B):44～47 Lin C R,Wang S X,Zhang J D.The application of reservoir prediction technique in DaNiudi gas field development. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),2007,27 (Suppl.B) :44～47
[24] 林昌荣,孙立春,崇仁杰.地震数据结构特征与油气预测.中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(6) :417～421 Lin C R,Sun L J,Chong R J.Numerical structure of seismic data and hydrocarbon prediction.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology) (in Chinese) ,2000,14(6) :417～421
[25] 邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987 Deng J L.Basic Method of Grey System (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPress,1987
[26] 邓聚龙.灰色预测与决策.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1986 Deng J L.Grey Prediction And Decision (in Chinese).Wuhan;Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1986
[27] 邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1985 Deng J L.Grey Control System (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1985
[28] 刘思峰,徐忠祥.灰色系统研究新进展.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996 Liu S F,XU Z X.New Development of Grey System Research (in Chinese).Wuhan;Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1996
[29] 邓聚龙.多维灰色规划.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1 989 Deng J L.Multi-dimension Grey Plan(in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1989
[30] 邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2003 Deng j L.Grey Theoretical Base (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2003
[2] 郭淑文.二维叠前模式识别方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3) :313～317 Guo S W.Study on methods of 2D prestack pattern recognition.OGP(in Chinese),2008,43(3) :313～317
[3] 郑春雷,史忠科.基于神经网络的油气预测方法.西北工业大学学报,2003,21(5) :574～577 Zheng C L,Shi Z K.Neural network prediction method and its application to oil and gas forecast.Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University (in Chinese),2003,21(5) :574～577
[4] 王振国,陈小宏,王学军等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2) :194～197 Wang Z G,Chen X H,Wang X J,et al.Cases analysis of applying AVO to detect hydrocarbon.OGP (in Chinese),2007,42(2) :194～197
[5] 顾功叙.顾功叙文集.北京:地质出版社,1999． 297～302 Gu G X.Collected Works of Gu Gongxu (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999． 297～302
[6] 黄绪德.油气预测与油气藏描述.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2003 Huang X D.Prediction About Oil-Gas & Description of Reservoir(in Chinese).Nanjing:Jiangsu Phoenix Science Press,2003
[7] O'Doherty R F,Anstey N A.Reflections on amplitudes.Geophys.Prospect.,1971,19:430～458
[8] Banik N C,Lerche T,Shuey R T.Stratigraphic filtering,Part Ⅰ:Derivation of O' Doherty-Anstey formula.Geophysics,1985,50:2768～2774
[9] Shapiro S A,Zien H.The O' Doherty-Anstey formula and localization of seismic waves.Geophysics,1993,58:736～740
[10] 尹陈,贺振华,黄德济.基于波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究及应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(3) :263～267 Yin C,He Z H,Huang D J.Research and application of the attenuation theory for seismic wave based on the wave equation.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2008,35(3) :263～267
[11] 陈学华,贺振华,黄德济等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :215～221 Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009,52(1) :215～221
[12] 何诚,李邗,张延充等.单频成像技术在油气检测中的应用.天然气工业,2008,28(4) :40～42 He C,Li H,Zhang Y C,et al.Application of monofrequency imaging in oil and gas recognition.Natr.Gas Ind.,2008,28(4) :40～42
[13] 刘洪,何利,刘国锋等.地层滤波公式的李代数积分证明.中国地质地球物理研究进展--庆贺刘光鼎院士80华诞.北京:科学出版社,2008． 412～422 Liu H,He L,Liu G F,et al.Lie algebra integral demonstration of earth filtering formula.The paper collection in memory of 80th anniversary of Academician Liu Guangding (in Chinese).Beijing:Sciences Press,2008． 412～422
[14] 刘文岭,李刚,夏海英.地震波形特征分析定量描述方法.大庆石油地质与开发,1999,18(4) :44～46 Liu W L,Li G,Xia H Y.Quantitative description method for characteristic analysis of seismic waveform.PGODD (in Chinese),1999,18(4) :44～46
[15] 刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析.地球物理学进展,2008,23(3) :743～753 Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,et al.The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(3) :743～753
[16] 刘伟方,于兴河,黄兴文等.利用地震属性进行无井条件下的储层及含油气预测.西南石油学院学报,2006,28(4) :22～25 Liu W F,Yu X H,Huang X W,et al.Study of using seismic attribute to predicate reservoir and oil-gas bearing under little well.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute (in Chinese) , 2006,28(4) :22～25
[17] Lin Changrong,Wang Shangxu,Zhang Yong.Predicting the distribution of reservoirs by applying the method of seismic data structure characteristics;Example from the eighth zone in Tahe Oilfield.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(4) :234～242
[18] Lin Changrong.Application of Grey System Theory to Gas Pool Prediction of 3D Seismic Data Prior to Drilling,1999,SPE 54274
[19] Wang Shangxu,Lin Changrong,The analysis of seismic data structure and oil and gas prediction.Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2) :75～82
[20] 刘雯林.油气田开发地震技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996 Liu W L.Seismic Technology in Field Development (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996
[21] 林昌荣,王尚旭,夏强.川东北地区飞仙关组地震反射特征及地震相分析.油气田地面工程,2007,26(4) :10～12 Lin C R,Wang S X,Xia Q.Seismic reflection and seismic facies analysis of Feixianguan,northeast of Sichuan Province.Oil-Gas field Surface Engineering (in Chinese),2007,26 (4) :10～12
[22] 林昌荣,王尚旭,马在田等.地震数据体结构特征时空关系与油气预测.石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2) :208～215 Lin C R,Wang S X,Ma Z T,et al.Space-time relationship of seismic data structure and hydrocarbon prediction.Petroleum Exploration and Development (in Chinese) ,2009 ,36(2) :208～215
[23] 林昌荣,王尚旭,张骥东.储层物性参数预测技术在大牛地气田开发中的应用.天然气工业,2007,27(增刊B):44～47 Lin C R,Wang S X,Zhang J D.The application of reservoir prediction technique in DaNiudi gas field development. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),2007,27 (Suppl.B) :44～47
[24] 林昌荣,孙立春,崇仁杰.地震数据结构特征与油气预测.中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(6) :417～421 Lin C R,Sun L J,Chong R J.Numerical structure of seismic data and hydrocarbon prediction.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology) (in Chinese) ,2000,14(6) :417～421
[25] 邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987 Deng J L.Basic Method of Grey System (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPress,1987
[26] 邓聚龙.灰色预测与决策.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1986 Deng J L.Grey Prediction And Decision (in Chinese).Wuhan;Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1986
[27] 邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1985 Deng J L.Grey Control System (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1985
[28] 刘思峰,徐忠祥.灰色系统研究新进展.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996 Liu S F,XU Z X.New Development of Grey System Research (in Chinese).Wuhan;Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1996
[29] 邓聚龙.多维灰色规划.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1 989 Deng J L.Multi-dimension Grey Plan(in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1989
[30] 邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2003 Deng j L.Grey Theoretical Base (in Chinese).Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2003
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