基于震后堰塞湖演化的泥石流危险性分析——以汶川县茶园沟堰塞湖演化为例
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摘要
四川省汶川县茶园沟是一条低频率泥石流沟,泥石流重现期为50 a。2008-05-12在汶川县发生8.0级强震,茶园沟内形成3个小型地震堰塞湖;2009年雨季3个堰塞坝部分溃决,堰塞湖消失。地震后茶园沟沟内出现大量崩塌滑坡体,水源丰富,形成泥石流仅需要5 a一遇的洪水,暴发规模和危险性比地震前增大很多。经过2008年和2009年两个雨季茶园沟堰塞湖消失,固体物源没有减少,但形成泥石流仍然只需5 a一遇的洪水,暴发规模和危险性比刚地震后小,但比地震前大。通过对堰塞湖的演变过程分析,对比其他地震后泥石流沟的堰塞湖演化过程,得到茶园沟泥石流危险性在地震前后的变化趋势。
Chayuan gully in Wenchuan of Sichuan Province is a low frequency debris flow gully.The debris flow return period is 50 years.Three barrier lakes were formed in Wenchuan Earthquake by the downstream of the basin of Chayuan Gully.The dams were partly damaged and the lakes disappeared during the rainy season in 2009.There were lots landslides,rock falls and barrier lakes after Earthquake.The trigger flood of debris flow changes to 5 years return period,more serious scale and risk than before.With the barrier lakes disappeared and less water,but plenty of landslides and rock falls in the basin.the trigger flood of debris flow occurs 5 years return period.The scale and risk of Debris Flow are less after earthquake,but larger than those before earthquake.The trend of risk of Chayuan gully debris flow is concluded from the evolution analysis of the barriers lakes,and the comparison of other barrier lakes in debris flow gully in Wenchuan Earthquake area.
Chayuan gully in Wenchuan of Sichuan Province is a low frequency debris flow gully.The debris flow return period is 50 years.Three barrier lakes were formed in Wenchuan Earthquake by the downstream of the basin of Chayuan Gully.The dams were partly damaged and the lakes disappeared during the rainy season in 2009.There were lots landslides,rock falls and barrier lakes after Earthquake.The trigger flood of debris flow changes to 5 years return period,more serious scale and risk than before.With the barrier lakes disappeared and less water,but plenty of landslides and rock falls in the basin.the trigger flood of debris flow occurs 5 years return period.The scale and risk of Debris Flow are less after earthquake,but larger than those before earthquake.The trend of risk of Chayuan gully debris flow is concluded from the evolution analysis of the barriers lakes,and the comparison of other barrier lakes in debris flow gully in Wenchuan Earthquake area.
引文
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[6]曾娟.唐家山堰塞湖溃坝洪水模型及应用[J].灾害与防治工程,2009(1):35-40.
[7]王士革,王成华,张金山,等.四川汶川茶园沟“2003-08-09”泥石流灾害调查[J].山地学报,2003,21(5):635-637.
[8]刘希林,吕学军,苏鹏程.四川汶川茶园沟泥石流灾害特征及危险度评价[J].自然灾害学报,20041,3(1):66-71.
[9]张金山,沈兴菊,谢洪.低频泥石流特征及防治——以四川汶川县茶园沟为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):37-41.
[10]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[K].成都:四川省水利电力厅,1984.
[11]成都山地灾害与环境研究所.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000:202.
[12]刘润生.水力学(上册)[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1986:318-319.
[13]蒋忠信,崔鹏,蒋良潍.冰碛湖漫溢型溃决临界水文条件[J].铁道工程学报,2004(4):22-26.
[14]张健楠,马煜,张惠惠,等.四川省都江堰市大干沟地震泥石流[J].山地学报,2010,28(5):623-627.
[15]张惠惠,马煜,张健楠,等.汶川强震区都江堰虹口小沟地震泥石流灾害调查研究[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,38(1):42-48.
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