考虑凹凸体理论的经验格林函数方法
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摘要
以15次地震资料为基础,回归得到断层上所有凹凸体地震矩与凹凸体面积的关系;研究经验格林函数方法中凹凸体子源的应力降,提出基于断层凹凸体理论的经验格林函数方法;以唐山地震余震(MS=6.9)作为经验格林函数,合成1976年唐山地震(MS=7.8)的地震动,比较合成结果与观测记录表明,该方法符合断层破裂过程,计算结果可靠.
On the basis of the research on 15 earthquake, a relation between the seismic moments and the area of all asperities on seismic faults is worked out. The average stress drop of the asperities used for the empirical Green function (EGF) approach is generally obtained by linear regression analysis. A simplified EGF method based on the asperity model is proposed. A computer program based on this proposed method is developed to numerically synthesize the far-field seismic records of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake. The accelerograms of the Tangshan earthquake at Guanting station are synthesized by using an MS6.9 aftershock record as the Green function. Comparison of the camputed accelerogram with the observation shows that the numerical result obtained in this paper is accurate and reliable.
On the basis of the research on 15 earthquake, a relation between the seismic moments and the area of all asperities on seismic faults is worked out. The average stress drop of the asperities used for the empirical Green function (EGF) approach is generally obtained by linear regression analysis. A simplified EGF method based on the asperity model is proposed. A computer program based on this proposed method is developed to numerically synthesize the far-field seismic records of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake. The accelerograms of the Tangshan earthquake at Guanting station are synthesized by using an MS6.9 aftershock record as the Green function. Comparison of the camputed accelerogram with the observation shows that the numerical result obtained in this paper is accurate and reliable.
引文
罗奇峰,胡聿贤.1990.改进的经验格林函数法和卢龙近场加速度合成[J].地震工程与工程振动,10(3):1--13.
罗奇峰,胡聿贤.1997.1976年唐山地震近、远场加速度的半经验合成[J].地震学报,19(3):275--282.
王海云,陶夏新.2004.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,3(11):1533--1539.
吴迪.2008.远场地震动的经验合成、分析及地壳滑移特性研究[D].上海:同济大学:33--43.
谢小碧.1988.理论地震图方法及其在研究震源过程方面的应用[D].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所:94--105.
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,靳雅敏,杨懋源,刘万琴.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111--129.
周蕙兰.1985.浅源走滑大震震源过程的某些特征[J].地球物理学报,28(6):579--587.
朱传镇.1985.唐山及其邻区的地震活动[M]∥刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(第一卷).北京:地震出版社:1--16.
Aki K.1966.Generation and propagation of G waves fromthe Niigata earthquake of June16,1964[J].Bull Earthq ResInst,44(2):23--88.
Arthur Frankel.1995.Si mulating strong motions of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes:The LomaPrieta mainshock as a test case[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1144--1160.
Asano K,Iwata T,Irikura K.2003.Source characteristics of shallowintraslab earthquakes derived fromstrong-motionsi mulations[J].Earth Planets Space,55(12):5--8.
Dan K,Watanabe T,Tanaka T.1989.Asemi-empirical method to synthesize earthquake ground motions based on ap-proxi mate far-field shear wave displacement[J].J Struct Constr Eng,396(1):27--36.
Das S,Boatwright J.1985.The breaking of a single asperity:Analysis of an aftershock of the1975Oroville,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,75(3):677--687.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green′s functions[J].Geophys Res Lett,5(1):1--4.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveformdata for the fault rupturehistory of the1979I mperial Valley,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(1):1553--1583.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1986.Rupture history of the1984Morgan Hill,California,earthquake fromtheinversion ofstrong motion records[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,76(1):649--674.
Hartzell S H,Iida M.1990.Source complexity of the1987Whittier Narrows,California,earthquake frominversion ofstrong motion records[J].J Geophys Res,95(1):12475--12485.
Hartzell S H,Langer C,Mendoza C.1994.Rupture histories of eastern North American earthquake[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,84(1):1703--1724.
Hartzell S H,Mendoza C.1991.Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong motion andteleseismic records to the1978Tabas,Iran,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):305--331.
Hartzell S H.1989.Comparison of seismic waveforminversion techniques for the rupture history of a finite fault:Appli-cation to the1989North Pal mSprings,California,earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,94(1):7515--7534.
Heaton T H.1982.The1971San Fernando earthquake:A double event?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(1):2037--2062.
Irikura K.1983.Semi-empirical esti mation of strong ground motion during large earthquakes[J].Bull Disas Prev Inst,33(1):63--104.
James M.2002.Earthquake source studies related to strong ground motion esti mates[G]∥「大都市大震災軽減化特別プロジェクト」成果報告?.日本东京:文部科学省:664--670.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationsin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1073--1095.
Liu H L,Hel mberger D V.1983.The near-source ground motion of the6August1979Coyote Lake,California,earth-quake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(1):201--218.
Mendoza C,Hartzell S H.1988.Inversion for slip distribution using GDSN P wave:North Pal mSp rings,Borah Peak,and Michocan earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,78(1):1092--1111.
Somerville P G,Irikula K,Graves R,Sawada S,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59--80.
Wald DJ.1996.Slip history of the1995Kobe,Japan,earthquake determined fromstrong motion,teleseismic and geo-detic data[J].J Geophys Res,44(1):489--503.
Wald DJ,Heaton T H.1994.Spatial and temporal distribution of slip of1992Landers,California earthquake[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,84(1):668--691.
Wald DJ,Hel mberger D V,Hartzell S H.1990.Rupture process of the1987Superstition Hills earthquake fromthein-version of strong motion data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer.80(1):1079--1098.
Wald DJ,Hel mberger D V,Heaton T H.1991.Rupture model of the1989Loma Prieta earthquake fromthe inversionof strong motion and broadband teleseismic data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):1540--1572.
罗奇峰,胡聿贤.1997.1976年唐山地震近、远场加速度的半经验合成[J].地震学报,19(3):275--282.
王海云,陶夏新.2004.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的Asperity模型特征[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,3(11):1533--1539.
吴迪.2008.远场地震动的经验合成、分析及地壳滑移特性研究[D].上海:同济大学:33--43.
谢小碧.1988.理论地震图方法及其在研究震源过程方面的应用[D].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所:94--105.
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,靳雅敏,杨懋源,刘万琴.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111--129.
周蕙兰.1985.浅源走滑大震震源过程的某些特征[J].地球物理学报,28(6):579--587.
朱传镇.1985.唐山及其邻区的地震活动[M]∥刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(第一卷).北京:地震出版社:1--16.
Aki K.1966.Generation and propagation of G waves fromthe Niigata earthquake of June16,1964[J].Bull Earthq ResInst,44(2):23--88.
Arthur Frankel.1995.Si mulating strong motions of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes:The LomaPrieta mainshock as a test case[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(4):1144--1160.
Asano K,Iwata T,Irikura K.2003.Source characteristics of shallowintraslab earthquakes derived fromstrong-motionsi mulations[J].Earth Planets Space,55(12):5--8.
Dan K,Watanabe T,Tanaka T.1989.Asemi-empirical method to synthesize earthquake ground motions based on ap-proxi mate far-field shear wave displacement[J].J Struct Constr Eng,396(1):27--36.
Das S,Boatwright J.1985.The breaking of a single asperity:Analysis of an aftershock of the1975Oroville,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,75(3):677--687.
Hartzell S H.1978.Earthquake aftershocks as Green′s functions[J].Geophys Res Lett,5(1):1--4.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveformdata for the fault rupturehistory of the1979I mperial Valley,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(1):1553--1583.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1986.Rupture history of the1984Morgan Hill,California,earthquake fromtheinversion ofstrong motion records[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,76(1):649--674.
Hartzell S H,Iida M.1990.Source complexity of the1987Whittier Narrows,California,earthquake frominversion ofstrong motion records[J].J Geophys Res,95(1):12475--12485.
Hartzell S H,Langer C,Mendoza C.1994.Rupture histories of eastern North American earthquake[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,84(1):1703--1724.
Hartzell S H,Mendoza C.1991.Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong motion andteleseismic records to the1978Tabas,Iran,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):305--331.
Hartzell S H.1989.Comparison of seismic waveforminversion techniques for the rupture history of a finite fault:Appli-cation to the1989North Pal mSprings,California,earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,94(1):7515--7534.
Heaton T H.1982.The1971San Fernando earthquake:A double event?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(1):2037--2062.
Irikura K.1983.Semi-empirical esti mation of strong ground motion during large earthquakes[J].Bull Disas Prev Inst,33(1):63--104.
James M.2002.Earthquake source studies related to strong ground motion esti mates[G]∥「大都市大震災軽減化特別プロジェクト」成果報告?.日本东京:文部科学省:664--670.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationsin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1073--1095.
Liu H L,Hel mberger D V.1983.The near-source ground motion of the6August1979Coyote Lake,California,earth-quake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(1):201--218.
Mendoza C,Hartzell S H.1988.Inversion for slip distribution using GDSN P wave:North Pal mSp rings,Borah Peak,and Michocan earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,78(1):1092--1111.
Somerville P G,Irikula K,Graves R,Sawada S,Wald D,Abrahamson N,Iwasaki Y,Kagawa T,Smith N,Kowada A.1999.Characterizing crustal earthquake slip models for the prediction of strong ground motion[J].Seism Res Lett,70(1):59--80.
Wald DJ.1996.Slip history of the1995Kobe,Japan,earthquake determined fromstrong motion,teleseismic and geo-detic data[J].J Geophys Res,44(1):489--503.
Wald DJ,Heaton T H.1994.Spatial and temporal distribution of slip of1992Landers,California earthquake[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,84(1):668--691.
Wald DJ,Hel mberger D V,Hartzell S H.1990.Rupture process of the1987Superstition Hills earthquake fromthein-version of strong motion data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer.80(1):1079--1098.
Wald DJ,Hel mberger D V,Heaton T H.1991.Rupture model of the1989Loma Prieta earthquake fromthe inversionof strong motion and broadband teleseismic data[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):1540--1572.
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