震级频度与古登堡-里克特关系式偏离的实验与震例分析
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摘要
基于一定时期内区域地震事件的地震震级(M)和频次(N)之间服从古登堡-里克特(G-R)震级频度关系lgN=a-bM的基本原理,本文通过对室内岩石破裂实验及华北地区部分中强以上(M≥5.0)地震震例研究发现,随着在岩石失稳(强地震)的临近,声发射事件能量或地震震级与频度之间不能较好地遵从G-R关系,出现较大偏离.这种偏离可作为强地震发生的前兆指标,对利用区域中小地震活动事件探讨预测强地震具有重要作用.
Based on the basic principle that the magnitudes and the frequencies of the regionally seismic activity within certain time duration(lgN=a-bM,G-R law) in seismological research,we find that the relationship between magnitude and frequency deviates from G-R law,even does not necessarily obey the G-R law through the research of the rock fracture experiments and strong seismic events in North China due to the effects of nonlinear deformation of rocks before the period of rocks' instability.The Magnitude-Frequency's deviation of small earthquakes in the region from the G-R law before strong earthquakes can be served as a precursor for strong earthquakes.This precursor may play an important role in the research of earthquake prediction.
Based on the basic principle that the magnitudes and the frequencies of the regionally seismic activity within certain time duration(lgN=a-bM,G-R law) in seismological research,we find that the relationship between magnitude and frequency deviates from G-R law,even does not necessarily obey the G-R law through the research of the rock fracture experiments and strong seismic events in North China due to the effects of nonlinear deformation of rocks before the period of rocks' instability.The Magnitude-Frequency's deviation of small earthquakes in the region from the G-R law before strong earthquakes can be served as a precursor for strong earthquakes.This precursor may play an important role in the research of earthquake prediction.
引文
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[2]朱元清,石耀霖.地震活动性研究中的非线性动力学模型[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1):31-40.Zhu Yuanqing,Shi Yaolin.Nonlinear Dynamic Model-ing in Seismicity Analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Ge-ophysics,1991,34(1):31-40(Ch).
[3]耿鲁民,石耀霖,张国民.地震活动的简化模型研究[J].地震,1993,1(1):68-75.Geng Luming,Shi Yaolin,Zhang Guomin.A Simpli-fied Modeling of Seismicity[J].Earthquakes,1993,1(1):68-75(Ch).
[4]傅征祥.中国大陆东部强震活动时间过程的不均匀性[J].中国地震,1991,7(2):1-11.Fu Zhengxiang.Studies on Temporal Heterogeneity ofStrong Seismic Events in Eastern China Mainland[J].Earthquake Research in China,1991,7(2):1-11(Ch).
[5]焦文杰,马谨,吴秀泉,等.围压下岩石破坏声发射测试系统及震级频度关系的实验研究[J].地震地质,1991,13(1):54-59.Jiao Wenjie,Ma Jin,Wu Xiuquan,et al.ExperimentalResearch on a New AE Experimental System forMeasuring Failure Rocks under Confining Pressure andthe Magnitude-Frequency Relation[J].Seismologyand Geology,1991,13(1):54-59(Ch).
[6]李全林.地震频度-震级关系的时空扫描[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Li Quanlin.Temporal and Spatial Scanning for theRelation of Earthquake Frequency-Magnitude[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979(Ch).
[7]宇津德治.对地震频度-震级关系式中参数的估计—包含最大震级参数C的情况[J].国外地震动态,1980,(3):12-16.Asakura S.Parameter Estimation in Earthquake Mag-nitude-Frequency Relationship with Maximal Magni-tudeC[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,1980,(3):12-16(Ch).
[8]Sokuda S,Ouchi T,Tterashima T.Deviation of Mag-nitude Frequency Distribution of Earthquakes from theGutenberg-Richter Low:Detection of Precursory A-nomalies Prior to Large Earthquakes[J].Phys EarthPlanet Inter,1992,73(3-4):229-238.
[9]王炜.η值的空间扫描[J].地震,1983,5:7-10.Wang Wei.The Spatial Scanning of theηValue[J].Earthquake,1983,5:7-10(Ch).
[10]李志雄,张国民,傅征祥,等.中强地震前地震频次-震级关系式拟合优度变化的研究[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):229-236.Li Zhixiong,Zhang Guomin,Fu Zhengxiang,et al.Study on Variation of Goodness of Fit for the Relationbetween Earthquake Frequency and Magnitude BeforeStrong Earthquake(Ms≥5.0)[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,1996,12(3):229-236(Ch).
[11]Ponomarev A V,Zavyalov A D,Smirnov V B,et al.Physical Modeling of the Formation and Evolution ofSeismically Active Fault Zones[J].Tectonophysics,1997,27(1-3):57-81.
[12]Locker D A,Byerlee J D.Development of FracturePlanes During Creep in Granite[C]//Proceedings ofthe2th Conference on Acoustic Emission,Mocroseis-mic Activity in Geological Structures and Materials.Clausthal-Zellerfeld:Trans-Tech Publications,1980:11-25.
[13]Locker D A,Byerlee J D.Acousyic Emission andCreep in Rock at High Contining Pressure and Differ-ential Stress[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,1977,67:247-258.
[14]Smirnov V B,Ponomarev A V,Sergeeva S M.On theSimilarity and Feedback in Experiments on Rock Frac-ture[J].Physics of the Solid Earth,2001,37(1):89-96.
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