利用多方位能量梯度差识别碳酸盐岩溶洞储层
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摘要
由于溶洞型储层在纵向和横向上均具有较强的非均质性,采用常规手段进行识别难度较大。本文针对溶洞型碳酸盐岩储层所特有的串珠状地震反射特征,提出了基于最小二乘拟合算法的地震能量梯度估算法,该法的基本流程为:①选择或指定一个估算方向和估算半径;②以目标点为中心,在估算半径范围内沿估算方向确定采样点,并由所有采样点的序号组成x变量,所有采样点上的地震振幅组成y变量;③利用最小二乘法对x变量和y变量构成的y=f(x)进行线性拟合,求取截距和梯度;④将线性拟合所获得截距和梯度之积作为目标点的地震能量梯度值。与其他方法相比,该法更稳定,更能突出溶洞体的能量变化特征。应用效果表明,基于最小二乘拟合算法的地震能量梯度估算法对碳酸盐岩缝洞异常体的识别效果较好,可提高碳酸盐岩储层识别的效率和精度。
It is very hard to identify carbonate cavern reservoirs by conventional methods because of their strong longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity.According to the bead-like seismic reflection response,the seismic energy gradient estimation based on least-square fitting is concluded in the paper.The estimation procedure is as follows: ① Selecting or assigning a estimated direction,and defining the estimated radius;② Taking the target as the centre,confirming sample points along the estimated direction in the range of estimated radius,and variants x are made from the sequence number,the variants y are from the amplitudes of all the sample points;③ Applying linear fit on by least squares to obtain the intercept and gradient.④ Taking the arithmetic product of the intercept and gradient from the linear fit as the seismic energy gradient of the targets.Comparing with others,this method is more stable,and obtains more obvious energy variation of the bead-like seismic reflection.Applications have shown the efficiency and accuracy of carbonate fracture-cave abnormal body identification by the seismic energy gradient estimation based on least-square fitting.
It is very hard to identify carbonate cavern reservoirs by conventional methods because of their strong longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity.According to the bead-like seismic reflection response,the seismic energy gradient estimation based on least-square fitting is concluded in the paper.The estimation procedure is as follows: ① Selecting or assigning a estimated direction,and defining the estimated radius;② Taking the target as the centre,confirming sample points along the estimated direction in the range of estimated radius,and variants x are made from the sequence number,the variants y are from the amplitudes of all the sample points;③ Applying linear fit on by least squares to obtain the intercept and gradient.④ Taking the arithmetic product of the intercept and gradient from the linear fit as the seismic energy gradient of the targets.Comparing with others,this method is more stable,and obtains more obvious energy variation of the bead-like seismic reflection.Applications have shown the efficiency and accuracy of carbonate fracture-cave abnormal body identification by the seismic energy gradient estimation based on least-square fitting.
引文
[1]鲁新便,李峰,杨敏等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏缝洞单元研究及其开发意义.塔河油气田开发研究论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2006,3
[2]焦方正,窦之林,漆立新等.塔河油气田开发研究论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2006,3
[3]张希明,朱建国,李宗宇等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的特征及缝洞单元划分.海相油气地质,2007,43(1):25～28Zhang Ximing,Zhu Jianguo,Li Zongyu et al.Ordovi-cian carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir in Tahe Oil-field,Tarim Basin:characteristics and subdivision offracture-vug units.Marine Origin Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,43(1):25～28
[4]叶德胜,王根长,林忠民等.塔里木盆地北部寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及油气前景.四川成都:四川大学出版社,2000,6
[5]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探———以塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层为例.石油物探,2007,46(4):370～377Yang Zichuan,Li Zongjie,Dou Huiyuan.Seismic rec-ognition model analysis and probe of quantitative res-ervoir prediction technology:case study of carbonatereservoirs in Tahe oilfield.GPP,2007,46(4):370～377
[6]杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):432～439Yang Zichuan.Carbonate reservoir prediction tech-nology and its application in Tahe Oilfield.Preogressin Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(6):432～439
[7]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释.石油地球物理勘探,1998,43(增刊1):105～111
[8]张永升.波形分析方法在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2004,43(2):135～138Zhang Yongsheng.Prediction for carbonate reservoirsby waveform analysis.GPP,2004,43(2):135～138
[9]王者顺,王尚旭,唐文榜.塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞油藏的地震响应及频率差异分析.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):93～96,101Wang Zheshun,Wang Shangxu,Tang Wenbang.Seis-mic response and frequency difference analysis of cav-ern-type reservoirs in carbonates in Tahe oilfield.Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(1):93～96,101
[10]Maria A P,Grechka V and Michelena R J.Fracturedetection in a carbonate reservoir using a variety ofseismic methods.Geophysics,1999,64(4):1266～1276
[11]Marfurt K J and Kirlin R L.3-D broad-band estimatesof reflector dip and amplitude.Geophysics,2000,65(1):304～320
[12]Chopra S and Marfurt K J.Emerging and futuretrends in seismic attributes.The Leading Edge,2008,27(3):298～318
[13]Luo Y,Higgs W G and Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3-D seismic data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324～327
[14]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究.新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522～525Kang Zhihong.The Karst palaeogeomorphology ofcarbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield.Xinjiang Petro-leum Geology,2006,27(5):522～525
[15]伍文明,李海鹏,杨露等.塔河油田4区鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层测井识别.中国西部油气地质,2007,(1):78～82Wu Wenming,Li Haipeng,Yang Lu et al.Logging i-dentification of Yingshan Group carbonate reservoir inBlock 4of Tahe Oilfield.West China Petroleum Geo-sciences,2007,(1):78～82
[2]焦方正,窦之林,漆立新等.塔河油气田开发研究论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2006,3
[3]张希明,朱建国,李宗宇等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的特征及缝洞单元划分.海相油气地质,2007,43(1):25～28Zhang Ximing,Zhu Jianguo,Li Zongyu et al.Ordovi-cian carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir in Tahe Oil-field,Tarim Basin:characteristics and subdivision offracture-vug units.Marine Origin Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,43(1):25～28
[4]叶德胜,王根长,林忠民等.塔里木盆地北部寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及油气前景.四川成都:四川大学出版社,2000,6
[5]杨子川,李宗杰,窦慧媛.储层的地震识别模式分析及定量预测技术初探———以塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层为例.石油物探,2007,46(4):370～377Yang Zichuan,Li Zongjie,Dou Huiyuan.Seismic rec-ognition model analysis and probe of quantitative res-ervoir prediction technology:case study of carbonatereservoirs in Tahe oilfield.GPP,2007,46(4):370～377
[6]杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):432～439Yang Zichuan.Carbonate reservoir prediction tech-nology and its application in Tahe Oilfield.Preogressin Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(6):432～439
[7]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释.石油地球物理勘探,1998,43(增刊1):105～111
[8]张永升.波形分析方法在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2004,43(2):135～138Zhang Yongsheng.Prediction for carbonate reservoirsby waveform analysis.GPP,2004,43(2):135～138
[9]王者顺,王尚旭,唐文榜.塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞油藏的地震响应及频率差异分析.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):93～96,101Wang Zheshun,Wang Shangxu,Tang Wenbang.Seis-mic response and frequency difference analysis of cav-ern-type reservoirs in carbonates in Tahe oilfield.Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(1):93～96,101
[10]Maria A P,Grechka V and Michelena R J.Fracturedetection in a carbonate reservoir using a variety ofseismic methods.Geophysics,1999,64(4):1266～1276
[11]Marfurt K J and Kirlin R L.3-D broad-band estimatesof reflector dip and amplitude.Geophysics,2000,65(1):304～320
[12]Chopra S and Marfurt K J.Emerging and futuretrends in seismic attributes.The Leading Edge,2008,27(3):298～318
[13]Luo Y,Higgs W G and Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3-D seismic data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324～327
[14]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究.新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522～525Kang Zhihong.The Karst palaeogeomorphology ofcarbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield.Xinjiang Petro-leum Geology,2006,27(5):522～525
[15]伍文明,李海鹏,杨露等.塔河油田4区鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层测井识别.中国西部油气地质,2007,(1):78～82Wu Wenming,Li Haipeng,Yang Lu et al.Logging i-dentification of Yingshan Group carbonate reservoir inBlock 4of Tahe Oilfield.West China Petroleum Geo-sciences,2007,(1):78～82
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