边缘检测技术在石油勘探中的研究进展
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摘要
在地震资料解释中,储层中小断裂、裂缝以及砂体的边界识别是一个难题。储层断裂的级别决定油气运移通道及储层产能,裂缝及砂体的边界在油气勘探与开发中有重要意义。由于砂体边界的响应以及不同级别断层和裂缝的响应具有多级尺度,其识别和成像在地震资料中用常规方法难以实现。针对这一问题,运用边缘检测技术对这些特定边缘进行识别。该方法为储层提供不同尺度的观测与成像,将信息科学中成熟的方法应用到地震数据处理中,并为地震资料解释与储层的描述提供新的手段。在文献调研的基础上,较系统地总结了边缘检测技术在石油勘探领域中的应用方法及实现流程,介绍了边缘检测在地震储层预测中的应用实例。通过实例分析,认为做好边缘检测必须做好滤波处理以及保边界处理,然后根据实际区块选择合适的边缘检测方法、滤波方法以及保边界处理算法进行边缘检测研究,最后结合区块的实际钻测井资料及地球物理资料进行信息融合,最终对储层进行综合分析。
Identification of small faults,fractures and sand boundary is a problem in seismic data interpretation.The level of reservoir fractures decides hydrocarbon migration path and reservoir productivity.Fractures and sand boundaries are of important significance in hydrocarbon exploration and development.The seismic responses of sand boundaries and various faults and fractures present in multi-scale and are difficult to identify and image with conventional methods,therefore the technology of edge detection has been applied.This method provides multi-scale reservoir observations and images,applies mature method of information science to seismic data processing,and provides a new means of seismic data interpretation and reservoir description.Based on literature investigation,this paper systematically generalizes the application and realization process of edge detection technology in petroleum exploration,and presents case application in seismic reservoir prediction.Case analysis indicates that appropriate methods of edge detection,filtering and edge-preserving processing shall be selected for individual block,and the information of drilling and logging data as well as geophysical prospecting data shall be integrated to conduct comprehensive reservoir analysis.
Identification of small faults,fractures and sand boundary is a problem in seismic data interpretation.The level of reservoir fractures decides hydrocarbon migration path and reservoir productivity.Fractures and sand boundaries are of important significance in hydrocarbon exploration and development.The seismic responses of sand boundaries and various faults and fractures present in multi-scale and are difficult to identify and image with conventional methods,therefore the technology of edge detection has been applied.This method provides multi-scale reservoir observations and images,applies mature method of information science to seismic data processing,and provides a new means of seismic data interpretation and reservoir description.Based on literature investigation,this paper systematically generalizes the application and realization process of edge detection technology in petroleum exploration,and presents case application in seismic reservoir prediction.Case analysis indicates that appropriate methods of edge detection,filtering and edge-preserving processing shall be selected for individual block,and the information of drilling and logging data as well as geophysical prospecting data shall be integrated to conduct comprehensive reservoir analysis.
引文
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[21]吴梅,张逸新.基于边缘检测的动态误差分散半色调算法[J].微型计算机信息,2006,22(1):199-201.
[22]叶玉芬,等.自适应反馈视觉感知差的误差扩散半色调算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(6):21-24.
[23]王绪松,杨长春.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):452-457.
[24]邓秀勤,等.一种有效的自适应加权中值滤波算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(35):185-187.
[25]陈彦燕,王元庆,李朝晖.常用边缘检测算法的定量比较[J].计算机工程,2008,34(17):202-204.
[26]周心明,兰赛,徐燕.图像处理中几种边缘检测算法的比较[J].现代电力,2000,17(3):65-67.
[27]王云专,王润秋.信号分析与处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:6-7.
[2]王新成.高级图形处理技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:119-130.
[3]段瑞玲,李庆祥,李玉和.图像边缘检测方法研究综述[J].光学技术,2005,31(3):415-419.
[4]张丽莉,吴健生,王家林.图像处理在地球物理学中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):317-323.
[5]贺振华,等.地下介质横向变化的地震多尺度边缘检测技术[J].物探化探计算技术,1999,21(4):289.
[6]黄捍东,等.利用多尺度边缘检测研究碳酸盐岩裂缝分布[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(14):21-24.
[7]桂志先.裂隙介质地震波场特征理论与应用[M].湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,2005:112-116.
[8]孙夕平,杜世通.边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):469-472.
[9]Solis S,et al.Continuous model update of natural fracturescharacterization in Sinan field to optimize production[J].SPE96963,2005:1-11.
[10]李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1607-1609.
[11]许辉群,桂志先.边缘检测技术砂体边界识别方法研究[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(5):75-77.
[12]Saleh AI-Dossary,et al.Predicting fluid paths by in-tegrating production and drilling data:seeing the invisi-ble:intelligent energy conference and exhibition[C].SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition heldin Amsterdam,2008:25-27.
[13]Naji A Qasim,et al.Improving fracture network model ofAB reservoir though integration of seimic multi-attr-butes-a case study from Awli Filed Bahrain[C].SPEMiddle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference held inBahrain,2009:15-18.
[14]Nicholle Carter,et al.Fault imaging using edge detectionand coherency measures on Hibernia 3-D seismic data[J].The leading egde,2001,20(1):64-69.
[15]陈凤,李金宗,黄建明,等.利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):758-764.
[16]李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1607-1610.
[17]胡宁杰.反射波同相轴与反射界面的确定[J].中国水运,2007,5(11):109-110.
[18]Rugumira Georgia,高静怀,汪玲玲,等.基于方向模版的保持边缘平滑后地震图像的不连续性检测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1398-1405.
[19]李月,等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1428-1433.
[20]钟勇,孙东,陈磊.图像增强技术在地震资料处理中的应用[J].物探与化探,2010,34(3):392-414.
[21]吴梅,张逸新.基于边缘检测的动态误差分散半色调算法[J].微型计算机信息,2006,22(1):199-201.
[22]叶玉芬,等.自适应反馈视觉感知差的误差扩散半色调算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(6):21-24.
[23]王绪松,杨长春.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):452-457.
[24]邓秀勤,等.一种有效的自适应加权中值滤波算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(35):185-187.
[25]陈彦燕,王元庆,李朝晖.常用边缘检测算法的定量比较[J].计算机工程,2008,34(17):202-204.
[26]周心明,兰赛,徐燕.图像处理中几种边缘检测算法的比较[J].现代电力,2000,17(3):65-67.
[27]王云专,王润秋.信号分析与处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:6-7.
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