固体潮观测中的震颤异常波
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摘要
在地震与固体潮台站的日常监测中,常发现有一些异常"脉动"信号叠加在固体潮曲线上.这些异常"脉动"与宽频带数字地震计的观测在时间上同步、一致,其中的一部分由发生在西太平洋上的热带气旋引起,而其他的则大多与强地震相伴随,统称为震颤异常波.本文介绍了华中科技大学的地震与固体潮观测台站(HUST)的概况,报道了该台应用DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪观测记录到的大量震颤异常波事例.大量观测事实表明:中国固体潮台站记录的震颤异常波,绝大多数只在DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的低通滤波1通道(LP1)出现,而在其低通滤波2通道(LP2)和其他固体潮仪器中则罕有发现;震颤异常波的包络线大多呈"纺锤状"或"尾巴状",持续时间多为1～3天.通过对震颤异常波和固体潮观测仪器的分析研究,得到以下结论:震颤异常波实际上就是一种来源复杂的地球脉动信号,响应范围广泛,可被宽频带数字地震计和固体潮仪器记录.由西太平洋上的热带气旋引起的震颤异常波的主要周期在3～7s范围,而强震前的震颤异常波则除此外,还包含10～60s及更长周期的信号.固体潮仪器对震颤异常波响应的差异是因为仪器的传递函数不同和特性所致.DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪分钟值采样数据中的震颤异常波,只是真实信号的一种"混叠"或映射.强震前的震颤异常波是否与地震有关?是否是震兆?尚需做更深入细致的分析和研究.
In the observations of the earth tide,we often found that there are some abnormal microseisms in the tidal signals.These microseisms are also observed by the broadband digital seismograph in the same time.Some of the microseisms are aroused by the tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific,and others are mostly accompanied by strong earthquakes,called abnormal tremor wave.This article introduces the situation of HUST station,and covers the abnormal tremor waves recorded by DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter.A lot of observations show that the abnormal tremor waves recorded by the low-pass 1 channel(LP1) of the DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter,but these signals couldn't be recorded by the low-pass 2 channel(LP2) of the instruments and other tidal instruments;the envelope of the abnormal tremor waves is mostly "spindle" or "tail-like",and mostly have a duration of 1 to 3 days.According to the research of the abnormal tremor waves and the tidal instruments,we found out that abnormal tremor wave is actually micro-tremor signals whose source is complex,and the signals have a wide response,and they can be recorded by broadband digital seismograph and tidal instruments.The main periods of the abnormal tremor waves aroused by the tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific are about 3~7 s,and the tremor waves before the earthquakes not only have a main period of 3~7 s but also have 10~60 s or longer cycle signals in it.The differences of the response to the abnormal tremor waves are mainly decided by the transfer function and the features of the instruments.The DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter are sampling per minute,so the abnormal tremor waves are the aliasing or mapping of the real signals.Are the abnormal tremor waves before the earthquake related to the earthquake? Is it earthquake precursor? We need to do analysis and research deeply.
In the observations of the earth tide,we often found that there are some abnormal microseisms in the tidal signals.These microseisms are also observed by the broadband digital seismograph in the same time.Some of the microseisms are aroused by the tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific,and others are mostly accompanied by strong earthquakes,called abnormal tremor wave.This article introduces the situation of HUST station,and covers the abnormal tremor waves recorded by DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter.A lot of observations show that the abnormal tremor waves recorded by the low-pass 1 channel(LP1) of the DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter,but these signals couldn't be recorded by the low-pass 2 channel(LP2) of the instruments and other tidal instruments;the envelope of the abnormal tremor waves is mostly "spindle" or "tail-like",and mostly have a duration of 1 to 3 days.According to the research of the abnormal tremor waves and the tidal instruments,we found out that abnormal tremor wave is actually micro-tremor signals whose source is complex,and the signals have a wide response,and they can be recorded by broadband digital seismograph and tidal instruments.The main periods of the abnormal tremor waves aroused by the tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific are about 3~7 s,and the tremor waves before the earthquakes not only have a main period of 3~7 s but also have 10~60 s or longer cycle signals in it.The differences of the response to the abnormal tremor waves are mainly decided by the transfer function and the features of the instruments.The DZW gravimeter and VS-1 tiltmeter are sampling per minute,so the abnormal tremor waves are the aliasing or mapping of the real signals.Are the abnormal tremor waves before the earthquake related to the earthquake? Is it earthquake precursor? We need to do analysis and research deeply.
引文
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[18]杨又陵,赵根模,高国英等.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8.1地震前的缓慢地震事件.国际地震动态,2003,(9):1-4.Yang Y L,Zhao G M,Gao G Y,et al.The slow earthquakeevent occurring before west to Kunlun mountain passearthquake of Ms8.1 on November 14,2001.RecentDevelopments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2003,(9):1-4.
[19]郝晓光,胡小刚,许厚泽等.汶川大地震前的重力扰动.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(3):129-131.Hao X G,Hu X G,Xu H Z,et al.Gravity disturbancebefore Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesyand Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(3):129-131.
[20]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected bybroadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[21]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?————与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice orother factor?————Discuss with authors of the paper“Theshort-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographsbefore the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China”.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[22]周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.汶川8.0级地震前驱波的统计检验.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(2):24-29.Zhou L S,Qiu Z H,Tang L.Statistical test of precursorywaves before Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(2):24-29.
[23]韦进,郝洪涛,康开轩等.汶川地震前成都台重力的高频扰动.大地测量与地球动力学.2009,29(Supp.1):15-19.Wei J,Hao H T,Kang K X,et al.Gravity disturbance ofhigh frequcncy at Chengdu seismostation before WenchuanMs8.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(inChinese),2009,29(Suppl.):15-19.
[24]蒋骏,苏红梅,张雁滨.低频信号的精确采集与处理.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):127-130.Jiang J,Su H M,Zhang Y B.Accurate acquisition andprocessing of low frequency signal.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2006,26(3):127-130.
[25]蒋骏,李胜乐,张雁滨等.地震前兆信息处理与软件系统(EIS2000).北京:地震出版社,2000.Jiang J,Li S L,Zhang Y B,et al.Earthquake PrecursorsInformation Processing and Software Systems(EIS2000)(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2000.
[26]蒋骏,陈德璁,林钢等.DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的传递函数与响应特征.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):151-155.Jiang J,Chen D C,Lin G,et al.Transfer functions andresponses of DZW gravimeter and VS-1tiltmeter.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(3):151-155.
[2]Crescentini L,Amoruso A,Scarpa R.Constraints on slowearthquake dynamics from a swarm in central Italy.Science,1999,286(5447):2132-2134.
[3]Miller M M,Melbourne T,Johnson D J,et al.Periodic slowearthquakes from the Cascadia subduction zone.Science,2002,295(5564):2423.
[4]Stokstad E.Deep quakes slow but very steady.Science,2002,295(5564):2444-2345.
[5]Melbourne T I,Webb F H.Slow but not quite silent.Science,2003,300(5627):1886-1887.
[6]Obara K.Nonvolcanic deep tremor associated with subduction insouthwest Japan.Science,2002,296(5565):1679-1681.
[7]Rogers G,Dragert H.Episodic tremor and slip on theCascadia subduction zone:The chatter of silent slip.Science,2003,300(5627):1942-1943.
[8]Shelly D R,Beroza G C,Ide S,et al.Low-frequencyearthquakes in Shikoku,Japan,and their relationship toepisodic tremor and slip.Nature,2006,442(7099):188-191.
[9]Ito Y,Obara K,Shiomi K,et al.Slow earthquakescoincident with episodic tremors and slow slip events.Science,2007,315(5811):503-506.
[10]Rubinstein J L,La Rocca M,Vidale J E,et al.Tidalmodulation of nonvolcanic tremor.Science,2008,319(5860):186-189.
[11]张雁滨,蒋骏,李胜乐等.热带气旋引起的震颤波.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):335-341.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Li S L,et al.The tropic cyclone arousedthe tremor.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):335-341.
[12]吴忠良.地震学中的“暗物质”:“静地震”与地震预测研究的未来?国际地震动态,2001,(9):1-5.Wu Z L.Dark Matters"in seismology———"SilentEarthquakes"and the future of earthquake prediction.RecentDevelopments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2001,(9):1-5.
[13]赵根模,杨港生,陈化然.寂静的前震与地震预测.地震,2001,21(1):69-77.Zhao G M,Yang G S,Chen H R.Quiescent foreshock andearthquake prediction.Earthquake(in Chinese),2001,21(1):69-77.
[14]唐林波,李世愚,苏昉等.地震前长周期事件的研究:历史与现状.国际地震动态,2002,(4):1-6.Tang L B,Li S Y,Su F,et al.Research on long-periodevents before earthquakes———history and current situation.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2002,(4):1-6.
[15]蒋骏,张雁滨,廖盈春等.潮汐测量中异常“震颤”信号的综合观测试验与挖掘.国际地震动态,2008,(11):121.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Liao Y C,et al.Syntheticexperimentation and excavation of abnormal tremors withtidal measurement.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(11):121.
[16]蒋骏,张雁滨,李畅等.汶川8.0级地震前的“震颤异常波”甄别.国际地震动态,2009,(4):35.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Li C,et al.“The tremor anomalieswave”screening before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2009,(4):35.
[17]Kizawa T.The recorders of the gravitational instrumentsbefore and after large earthquake.Overseas Earthquakes,1972,(1):39-41.
[18]杨又陵,赵根模,高国英等.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8.1地震前的缓慢地震事件.国际地震动态,2003,(9):1-4.Yang Y L,Zhao G M,Gao G Y,et al.The slow earthquakeevent occurring before west to Kunlun mountain passearthquake of Ms8.1 on November 14,2001.RecentDevelopments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2003,(9):1-4.
[19]郝晓光,胡小刚,许厚泽等.汶川大地震前的重力扰动.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(3):129-131.Hao X G,Hu X G,Xu H Z,et al.Gravity disturbancebefore Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesyand Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(3):129-131.
[20]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected bybroadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[21]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?————与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice orother factor?————Discuss with authors of the paper“Theshort-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographsbefore the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China”.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[22]周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.汶川8.0级地震前驱波的统计检验.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(2):24-29.Zhou L S,Qiu Z H,Tang L.Statistical test of precursorywaves before Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2009,29(2):24-29.
[23]韦进,郝洪涛,康开轩等.汶川地震前成都台重力的高频扰动.大地测量与地球动力学.2009,29(Supp.1):15-19.Wei J,Hao H T,Kang K X,et al.Gravity disturbance ofhigh frequcncy at Chengdu seismostation before WenchuanMs8.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(inChinese),2009,29(Suppl.):15-19.
[24]蒋骏,苏红梅,张雁滨.低频信号的精确采集与处理.大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):127-130.Jiang J,Su H M,Zhang Y B.Accurate acquisition andprocessing of low frequency signal.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2006,26(3):127-130.
[25]蒋骏,李胜乐,张雁滨等.地震前兆信息处理与软件系统(EIS2000).北京:地震出版社,2000.Jiang J,Li S L,Zhang Y B,et al.Earthquake PrecursorsInformation Processing and Software Systems(EIS2000)(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2000.
[26]蒋骏,陈德璁,林钢等.DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的传递函数与响应特征.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):151-155.Jiang J,Chen D C,Lin G,et al.Transfer functions andresponses of DZW gravimeter and VS-1tiltmeter.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(3):151-155.
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