横向非均匀介质Q值层析成像方法、软件及应用
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摘要
Q值结构对了解地壳的非弹性性质、地壳内部构造、热活动状态、地壳介质非均匀性以及断层分布有着非常重要的意义。编写了基于吸收特征时间t*的二维横向非均匀Q值层析成像人机交互软件,可以方便快捷地计算深地震测深资料的振幅谱并通过拟合振幅谱得到反映地震波衰减的t*。利用t*通过二维Q值层析成像方法得到Q值结构。实际观测资料处理结果表明,文中给出的方法和软件是有效且可行的。
Q value structure of the crust has great significance for understanding of non-elastic nature of crustal structure,thermal activity,crustal inhomogeneity,and fault distribution.Based on absorption characteristic time t * the GUI software for two-dimensional Q tomography has been written in this paper.Amplitude spectra of deep seismic sounding data can be calculated quickly and easily.The absorption characteristic time reflecting seismic wave attenuation can be obtained through fitting the amplitude spectra,and two-dimensional Q structure can be obtained by two-dimensional Q tomography using t * data.The real example shows that the method and the software are effective and feasible.
Q value structure of the crust has great significance for understanding of non-elastic nature of crustal structure,thermal activity,crustal inhomogeneity,and fault distribution.Based on absorption characteristic time t * the GUI software for two-dimensional Q tomography has been written in this paper.Amplitude spectra of deep seismic sounding data can be calculated quickly and easily.The absorption characteristic time reflecting seismic wave attenuation can be obtained through fitting the amplitude spectra,and two-dimensional Q structure can be obtained by two-dimensional Q tomography using t * data.The real example shows that the method and the software are effective and feasible.
引文
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[2]洪学海,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):42-651.Hong XH,Zhu JS,Chao JM,et al.Tomography of the 3-D quality factor of the crust andupper-mantle in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):642-651.
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[11]Quan YL,Harris JM.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[12]Toshiki Watanabe.用振幅衰减和脉冲增宽的地震衰减层析成像[J].石油物探译丛,1994,(3):47-51.Toshiki Watanabe.Amplitude attenuation and pulse broadening with the seismic attenuationtomography[J].Translations of petroleum exploration,1994,(3):47-51.
[13]王辉,常旭,刘伊克,等,时间域相邻道地震波衰减成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):396-403.Wang H,Chang X,Liu YK,et al.Seismic neighboring traces attenuation tomography in timedomain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2001,44(3):396-403.
[14]Jonathan ML,Grant TL.Three-dimensional attenuation tomography at Lomo Prieta-Inversionof t*for Q[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(134):6843-6863.
[15]赵俊猛,樊计昌,李植纯.库尔勒-吉木萨尔剖面Q值结构及其动力学意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(3):202-209.Zhao JM,Fan JC,Li ZC.Q value structure of geoscience transect from Korla to Jimsar andits geodynamic implication[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(3):202-209.
[16]Knopoff L.Q[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1964,2(4):625-660.
[17]Pock G,Clements JR.Attenuation of short-period P,PcP,ScP,and pP waves in the earth,S mantle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,87:3905-3918.
[18]Zohun AD,Alison CL.Methodologies for estimating t(f)from short-period body waves andregional variations of t*in the United States[J].Geophysical Journal Royal AstronomicalSociety,1985,82:125-140.
[19]Haskell NA.Crustal reflection of plane p and SV waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67,4746-4751.
[20]郑治真.波谱分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社,1979:244-249.Zheng ZZ.Fundamental of spectrum analysis[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979:244-249.
[21]刘福田,李强,胡小幸.走时反演及其应用[J].地球物理学报,1982,25(S):696-709.Liu FT,Li Q,Hu XX.Travel-time inversion and its application[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,1982,25(S):696-709.
[22]Jin A,Aki K.Spatial and temperal correlation between coda Q and seismicity in China[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(2):741-769.
[23]Pan Y,Mitchell BJ,Xie J.Lg coda Q across northern Eurasia[C]//Papers Presented at 14Annual PL/DARPA Seismic Research Symposium,1992:311-312.
[24]Shih XR,Chun KY,Zhu T.Attenuation of 1～6s Lg waves in Eurasia[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1994,99(B12):23859-23874.
[25]丛连理,胡家富,傅竹武,等.中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的Q值分布[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(8):617-624.Cong LL,Hu JF,Fu ZW,et a1.Distribution of Lg coda Q in the Chinese continent and itsadjacent regions[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(8):617-624.
[26]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚,等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究:Lg尾波Q0地震成像[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1044-1052.Liu JH,Liu FT,Yan XW,et a1.A study of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:Seismicimaging of Lg coda Q0[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(6):1044-1052.
[27]汪素云,裴顺平,Thomas M.Hear,等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅱ:Q横向变化特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):133-139.Wang SY,Pei SP,Thomas MH,et al.Crustal S-wave Q estimated from ML amplitudeⅡ:Q lateralvariation in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):133-139.
[28]Mitchell BJ.Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantlefrom seismic surface wave attenuation[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33:441-462.
[29]刑集善,刘建华,赵晋泉.华北板内深部构造[J].山西地震,2002,(4):1-12.Xing JS,Liu JH,Zhao JQ.The deep structure in North China[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2002,(4):1-12.
[2]洪学海,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):42-651.Hong XH,Zhu JS,Chao JM,et al.Tomography of the 3-D quality factor of the crust andupper-mantle in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):642-651.
[3]樊计昌,李松林,赖晓林,等.新疆伽师地震区三维Q值结构[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):570-581.Fan JC,Li SL,Lai XL,et al.Three dimensional Q structure in Jiashi earthquake regionof Xinjiang region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):570-581.
[4]李振生,刘德良,刘波,等.断层封闭性的波速和品质因子评价方法[J].科学通报,2005,50(13):1365-1369.Li ZS,Liu DL,Liu B,et al.Evaluation method of the wave velocity and quality factor aboutfault sealing[J].Science Bulletin,2005,50(13):1365-1369.
[5]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Li QZ.Leading for precise exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[6]黄绪德.油气预测与油气藏描述一地震勘探直接找油气[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2003.Huang XD.Oil-gas prediction and reservoir description-search gas directly with seismicexploration[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,2003.
[7]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.Wang DX,Xin KF,Li YM,et a1.An experimental study of influence of water saturation onvelocity and attenuation in sandstone understratum conditions[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2006,49(3):908-914.
[8]周连庆,赵翠萍,修济刚,等.利用天然地震研究地壳Q值的方法和进展[J].国际地震动态,2008,350(2):1-11.Zhou LQ,Zhao CP,Xiu JG,et al.Methods and developments of research on crustal Q valueby using earthquakes[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2008,350(2):1-11.
[9]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma ZJ,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[10]徐彦,苏有锦,秦嘉政.Q值研究动态[J].地震研究,2004,27(4):385-389.Xu Y,Su YJ,Qin JZ.Development of Q-value studies[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2004,27(4):385-389.
[11]Quan YL,Harris JM.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[12]Toshiki Watanabe.用振幅衰减和脉冲增宽的地震衰减层析成像[J].石油物探译丛,1994,(3):47-51.Toshiki Watanabe.Amplitude attenuation and pulse broadening with the seismic attenuationtomography[J].Translations of petroleum exploration,1994,(3):47-51.
[13]王辉,常旭,刘伊克,等,时间域相邻道地震波衰减成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):396-403.Wang H,Chang X,Liu YK,et al.Seismic neighboring traces attenuation tomography in timedomain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2001,44(3):396-403.
[14]Jonathan ML,Grant TL.Three-dimensional attenuation tomography at Lomo Prieta-Inversionof t*for Q[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(134):6843-6863.
[15]赵俊猛,樊计昌,李植纯.库尔勒-吉木萨尔剖面Q值结构及其动力学意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(3):202-209.Zhao JM,Fan JC,Li ZC.Q value structure of geoscience transect from Korla to Jimsar andits geodynamic implication[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(3):202-209.
[16]Knopoff L.Q[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1964,2(4):625-660.
[17]Pock G,Clements JR.Attenuation of short-period P,PcP,ScP,and pP waves in the earth,S mantle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,87:3905-3918.
[18]Zohun AD,Alison CL.Methodologies for estimating t(f)from short-period body waves andregional variations of t*in the United States[J].Geophysical Journal Royal AstronomicalSociety,1985,82:125-140.
[19]Haskell NA.Crustal reflection of plane p and SV waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67,4746-4751.
[20]郑治真.波谱分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社,1979:244-249.Zheng ZZ.Fundamental of spectrum analysis[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979:244-249.
[21]刘福田,李强,胡小幸.走时反演及其应用[J].地球物理学报,1982,25(S):696-709.Liu FT,Li Q,Hu XX.Travel-time inversion and its application[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,1982,25(S):696-709.
[22]Jin A,Aki K.Spatial and temperal correlation between coda Q and seismicity in China[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(2):741-769.
[23]Pan Y,Mitchell BJ,Xie J.Lg coda Q across northern Eurasia[C]//Papers Presented at 14Annual PL/DARPA Seismic Research Symposium,1992:311-312.
[24]Shih XR,Chun KY,Zhu T.Attenuation of 1～6s Lg waves in Eurasia[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1994,99(B12):23859-23874.
[25]丛连理,胡家富,傅竹武,等.中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的Q值分布[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(8):617-624.Cong LL,Hu JF,Fu ZW,et a1.Distribution of Lg coda Q in the Chinese continent and itsadjacent regions[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(8):617-624.
[26]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚,等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究:Lg尾波Q0地震成像[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1044-1052.Liu JH,Liu FT,Yan XW,et a1.A study of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:Seismicimaging of Lg coda Q0[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(6):1044-1052.
[27]汪素云,裴顺平,Thomas M.Hear,等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅱ:Q横向变化特征[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):133-139.Wang SY,Pei SP,Thomas MH,et al.Crustal S-wave Q estimated from ML amplitudeⅡ:Q lateralvariation in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(1):133-139.
[28]Mitchell BJ.Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantlefrom seismic surface wave attenuation[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33:441-462.
[29]刑集善,刘建华,赵晋泉.华北板内深部构造[J].山西地震,2002,(4):1-12.Xing JS,Liu JH,Zhao JQ.The deep structure in North China[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2002,(4):1-12.
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