新疆阜康断裂带甘河子段晚第四纪活动特征
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摘要
为了解阜康断裂晚第四纪以来的活动特征,准确评价该断裂的大震危险性,在野外地震地质调查的基础上,对变形的微地貌进行了测量,开挖了2个大型古地震探槽,并采集了系列释光年龄样品,对阜康断裂甘河子段进行了细致研究.甘河子断裂段是一条全新世活动断裂,全长约33km,构成博格达北麓与山前冲洪积扇的界线.该断裂晚第四纪期间活动性较强,运动方式以向盆地方向的逆冲为主,形成了一系列地质地貌现象.晚第四纪晚期以来,断裂的平均垂直滑动速率在0.34～0.43mm/a.全新世中期以来,断裂有过2次古地震事件,断裂大震(特征地震)的复发周期为2100～3750a,最新一次古地震事件造成的地表垂直位移量为1.5m左右,对应的古地震震级在7.2～7.4之间,该次古地震事件离逝时间已达4.11ka,目前该断裂已经累积了较高能量.
In order to understand the activity characteristics of the Fukang fault in Late-Quaternary,and accurately estimate the seismic hazard of the fault,a geological survey has been conducted along the Fukang fault.By surveying the deformation micro-topography,excavating two large paleoearthquake trenches,and dating a series of samples of thermoluminescence,the quantity activity characteristics of the Ganhezi fault segment of the Fukang fault belt are revealed.The Ganhezi fault segment is a Holocene active fault,with a total length about 33 km.The fault activity is obvious,generating a series of apparent geomorphic traces on the surface.Since the Late-Quaternary,the average vertical slip rate of fault is about 0.34-0.43 mm/a.Since the Mid-Holocene,there were two paleoearthquake events;the strong earthquake recurrence period of the fualt segment is about 2 100-3 750 a.The vertical surface displacement is about 1.5 m and the elapsed time is 4.11 ka of the latest paleoearthquake,corresponding to the paleoearthquake magnitude of between Ms7.2-7.4.The fault has accumulated a high energy so far.
In order to understand the activity characteristics of the Fukang fault in Late-Quaternary,and accurately estimate the seismic hazard of the fault,a geological survey has been conducted along the Fukang fault.By surveying the deformation micro-topography,excavating two large paleoearthquake trenches,and dating a series of samples of thermoluminescence,the quantity activity characteristics of the Ganhezi fault segment of the Fukang fault belt are revealed.The Ganhezi fault segment is a Holocene active fault,with a total length about 33 km.The fault activity is obvious,generating a series of apparent geomorphic traces on the surface.Since the Late-Quaternary,the average vertical slip rate of fault is about 0.34-0.43 mm/a.Since the Mid-Holocene,there were two paleoearthquake events;the strong earthquake recurrence period of the fualt segment is about 2 100-3 750 a.The vertical surface displacement is about 1.5 m and the elapsed time is 4.11 ka of the latest paleoearthquake,corresponding to the paleoearthquake magnitude of between Ms7.2-7.4.The fault has accumulated a high energy so far.
引文
Allen,M.B.,Vencint,S.T.,Wheller,P.T.,1999.Late Ce-nozoic Tectonics of the Keping Thrust Zone:Interac-tions of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin,Northwest Chi-na.Tectonics,18(4):639-654.doi:10.1029/1999TC900019
Avouac,J.P.,Tapponnier,P.T.,Bai,M.X.,et al.,1993.Active Thrusting and Folding along the Northern Tien-shan,and Late Cenozoic Rotation of the Tarim Relativeto Dzhungaria and Kazakhstan.J.Geophys.Res.,98:6755-6840.
Bai,M.X.,Fan,F.Q.,Wu,X.L.,et al.,1997.The ActiveTectonics in Northern apron of Bogeda Mountain.In-land Earthquake,11(1):16-21(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Burchfiel,B.C.,Brown,E.T.,Deng,Q.D.,et al.,1999.Crustal Shortening on the Margins of the Tien Shan,Xinjiang,China.International Geology Review,41(8):665-700.
Chen,G.H.,Xu,X.W.,Wen,X.Z.,et al.,2006.Applica-tion of Digital Aerophotogrammetry in Active Tecton-ics.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,31(3):405-410(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Deng,Q.D.,Feng,X.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,et al.,1999.ReverseFault and Fold Zone in the Urumqi Range Front De-pression of the Northern Tianshan and Its GeneticMechansim.Earth Science Frontier,6(4):191-201(inChinese with English abstract).
Deng,Q.D.,Feng,X.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,et al.,2000.ActiveTectonics of Tianshan.Seismological Press,Beijing(inChinese).
Deng,Q.D.,Yu,G.H.,Ye,W.H.,1992.Study on the Rela-tionship of Earthquake Surface Rupture Parameters andMagnitude.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on ActiveFaults(2).Seismological Press,Beijing,247-264(inChinese with English abstract).
Feng,X.Y.,1997.The Paleoearthquakes in Xinjiang Region.Sci-Tech and Public Health Press of Xinjiang,Urumqi(in Chinese).
Field,E.H.,Dawson,T.E.,Felzer,K.R.,et al.,2009.Uni-form California Earthquake Rupture Forecast,Version2(UCERF2).Bulletion of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,99(4):2053-2107.doi:10.1785/0120080049
Hendrix,M.S.,Dumitru,T.A.,Graham,S.A.,1994.LateOligocene-Early Miocene Unroofing in the ChineseTianshan:An Early Effect of the India-Asia Collision.Geology,22(6):487-490.doi:10.1130/0091-7613
Li,J.,Wang,X.Q.,Fang,W.,et al.,2006.DeformationCharacter of Tectonic Block Motion in Urumqi RegionInverted with GPS Technique.Inland Earthquake,20(2):143-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,H.F.,He,Z.T.,Zhao,J.X.,et al.,2008.QuantitativeAnalysis on Activity of the Yuanmou Fault in LateQuaternary.Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,33(6):852-860(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Luan,C.Q.,Luo,F.Z.,Hu,J.,et al.,1998a.The Disloca-ting Activities of Gumudi Fault in Xinjiang in Hol-ocene.Inland Earthquake,12(2):133-141(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Luan,C.Q.,Luo,F.Z.,Hu,J.,et al.,1998b.The Structuresand Activities in Holocene on the Western Segments ofNorthern Bogeda Fault in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,12(4):355-361(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo,F.Z.,Ruan,C.W.,Fang,W.,2006.Modern TectonicMotion Character on the Northern Verge of BogurdaMountain,in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,20(2):109-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lv,H.H.,Li,Y.L.,Nan,F.,et al.,2008.Sequences andAges Ogfluvial Terraces along the Northern Piedmontof the Tianshan Mountains.Acta Geographica Sinica,63(1):65-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mao,F.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,1995.Method for Progressive Con-straint of Paleoseismic Events and PaleoseismologicalStudy of Major Fault Zone in Northern Xinjiang.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on Active Faults(4).Seis-mological Press,Beijing,153-164(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Wang,Y.P.,Shen,J.,2000.Basic Features of Active Struc-tures at the Northern Foothill of Tianshan Mountains,China.Xinjiang Geology,18(3):203-210(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wen,X.Z.,1991.Problem on Quantitative Study of ActiveFault and Probabilistic Estimation of Long-Term Seis-mic Potential.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on ActiveFaults(1).Seisnological Press,Beijing,174-183(inChinese with English abstract).
Wu,C.Y.,Shen,J.,Shi,J.,et al.,2010.Late-QuaternaryActivity of the Gumudi Fault of the South Fukang FaultBelt on the North Margin of the Bogda Mountains inthe Xinjiang Automonous Region.Quaternary Sciences,30(5):1020-1029(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,Z.Z.,1989.The Features of Oil and Gas Accumulationand Suggestion for Exploration in East Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,10(4):15-21(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Shimazaki,K.,Nakata,T.,1980.Time-Predictable Recur-rence Model for Large Earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,7(4):279-282.doi:10.1029/GL007i004p00279
You,H.C.,Ren,L.S.,Chen,G.X.,et al.,2002.ActivityForms and Slip Rates of Fukang Fault.Earthquake Re-search in China,18(3):239-248(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
You,H.C.,Ren,L.S.,Zhang Y.M.,2003.Structural Geometry and Activities of the Fukang-Jimsar Fualt Zone,Xinjiang.Seismology and Geology,25(3):375-384(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Yang,X.P.,et al.,1995.Glac-iofluvial Geomorphology and Neotectonics along theRange-Front of the Northern Tianshan.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on Active Faults(4).SeisnologicalPress,Beijing,63-78(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
柏美祥,范芳琴,吴晓莉,等,1997.博格达山北麓活动构造.内陆地震,11(1):16-21.
陈桂华,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等,2006.数字航空摄影测量学方法在活动构造中的应用.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,31(3):405-410.
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华,1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社,247-264.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等,1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制.地学前缘,6(4):191-201.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等,2000.天山活动构造.北京:地震出版社.
冯先岳,1997.新疆古地震.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
李杰,王晓强,方伟,等,2006.应用GPS技术反演乌鲁木齐地区构造块体运动变形特征.内陆地震,20(2):143-148.
卢海峰,何仲太,赵俊香,等,2008.元谋断裂晚第四纪活动性定量分析.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):852-860.
栾超群,罗福忠,胡军,等,1998a.新疆古牧地断裂全新世的断错活动.内陆地震,12(2):133-141.
栾超群,罗福忠,胡军,等,1998b.新疆博格达山北麓山前断裂西段的断裂组成及其在全新世时期的活动.内陆地震,12(4):355-361.
罗福忠,阮成雯,方伟,2006.新疆博格达山北缘现今构造运动特征.内陆地震,20(2):109-114.
吕红华,李有利,南峰,等,2008.天山北麓河流阶地序列及形成年代.地理学报,63(1):65-74.
毛风英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
汪一鹏,沈军,2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征.新疆地质,18(3):203-210.
闻学泽,1991.活断层的定量研究与长期地震潜势的概率估计问题.见:邓起东编,活动构造研究(1).北京:地震出版社,174-183.
吴传勇,沈军,史杰,等,2010.新疆博格达北缘阜康南断裂带古牧地段晚第四纪活动特征.第四纪研究,30(5):1020-1029.
伍致中,1989.准噶尔盆地东部地区油气聚集特征及勘探建议.新疆石油地质,10(4):15-21.
尤惠川,任利生,陈国星,等,2002.东天山阜康断裂的变形方式与全新世滑动速率.中国地震,18(3):239-248.
尤惠川,任利生,张玉梅,2003.新疆阜康-吉木萨尔断裂带的几何特征与活动性研究.地震地质,25(3):375-384.
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等,1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,63-78.
Avouac,J.P.,Tapponnier,P.T.,Bai,M.X.,et al.,1993.Active Thrusting and Folding along the Northern Tien-shan,and Late Cenozoic Rotation of the Tarim Relativeto Dzhungaria and Kazakhstan.J.Geophys.Res.,98:6755-6840.
Bai,M.X.,Fan,F.Q.,Wu,X.L.,et al.,1997.The ActiveTectonics in Northern apron of Bogeda Mountain.In-land Earthquake,11(1):16-21(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Burchfiel,B.C.,Brown,E.T.,Deng,Q.D.,et al.,1999.Crustal Shortening on the Margins of the Tien Shan,Xinjiang,China.International Geology Review,41(8):665-700.
Chen,G.H.,Xu,X.W.,Wen,X.Z.,et al.,2006.Applica-tion of Digital Aerophotogrammetry in Active Tecton-ics.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,31(3):405-410(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Deng,Q.D.,Feng,X.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,et al.,1999.ReverseFault and Fold Zone in the Urumqi Range Front De-pression of the Northern Tianshan and Its GeneticMechansim.Earth Science Frontier,6(4):191-201(inChinese with English abstract).
Deng,Q.D.,Feng,X.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,et al.,2000.ActiveTectonics of Tianshan.Seismological Press,Beijing(inChinese).
Deng,Q.D.,Yu,G.H.,Ye,W.H.,1992.Study on the Rela-tionship of Earthquake Surface Rupture Parameters andMagnitude.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on ActiveFaults(2).Seismological Press,Beijing,247-264(inChinese with English abstract).
Feng,X.Y.,1997.The Paleoearthquakes in Xinjiang Region.Sci-Tech and Public Health Press of Xinjiang,Urumqi(in Chinese).
Field,E.H.,Dawson,T.E.,Felzer,K.R.,et al.,2009.Uni-form California Earthquake Rupture Forecast,Version2(UCERF2).Bulletion of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,99(4):2053-2107.doi:10.1785/0120080049
Hendrix,M.S.,Dumitru,T.A.,Graham,S.A.,1994.LateOligocene-Early Miocene Unroofing in the ChineseTianshan:An Early Effect of the India-Asia Collision.Geology,22(6):487-490.doi:10.1130/0091-7613
Li,J.,Wang,X.Q.,Fang,W.,et al.,2006.DeformationCharacter of Tectonic Block Motion in Urumqi RegionInverted with GPS Technique.Inland Earthquake,20(2):143-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,H.F.,He,Z.T.,Zhao,J.X.,et al.,2008.QuantitativeAnalysis on Activity of the Yuanmou Fault in LateQuaternary.Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,33(6):852-860(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Luan,C.Q.,Luo,F.Z.,Hu,J.,et al.,1998a.The Disloca-ting Activities of Gumudi Fault in Xinjiang in Hol-ocene.Inland Earthquake,12(2):133-141(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Luan,C.Q.,Luo,F.Z.,Hu,J.,et al.,1998b.The Structuresand Activities in Holocene on the Western Segments ofNorthern Bogeda Fault in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,12(4):355-361(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo,F.Z.,Ruan,C.W.,Fang,W.,2006.Modern TectonicMotion Character on the Northern Verge of BogurdaMountain,in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,20(2):109-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lv,H.H.,Li,Y.L.,Nan,F.,et al.,2008.Sequences andAges Ogfluvial Terraces along the Northern Piedmontof the Tianshan Mountains.Acta Geographica Sinica,63(1):65-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mao,F.Y.,Zhang,P.Z.,1995.Method for Progressive Con-straint of Paleoseismic Events and PaleoseismologicalStudy of Major Fault Zone in Northern Xinjiang.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on Active Faults(4).Seis-mological Press,Beijing,153-164(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Wang,Y.P.,Shen,J.,2000.Basic Features of Active Struc-tures at the Northern Foothill of Tianshan Mountains,China.Xinjiang Geology,18(3):203-210(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wen,X.Z.,1991.Problem on Quantitative Study of ActiveFault and Probabilistic Estimation of Long-Term Seis-mic Potential.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on ActiveFaults(1).Seisnological Press,Beijing,174-183(inChinese with English abstract).
Wu,C.Y.,Shen,J.,Shi,J.,et al.,2010.Late-QuaternaryActivity of the Gumudi Fault of the South Fukang FaultBelt on the North Margin of the Bogda Mountains inthe Xinjiang Automonous Region.Quaternary Sciences,30(5):1020-1029(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,Z.Z.,1989.The Features of Oil and Gas Accumulationand Suggestion for Exploration in East Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,10(4):15-21(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Shimazaki,K.,Nakata,T.,1980.Time-Predictable Recur-rence Model for Large Earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,7(4):279-282.doi:10.1029/GL007i004p00279
You,H.C.,Ren,L.S.,Chen,G.X.,et al.,2002.ActivityForms and Slip Rates of Fukang Fault.Earthquake Re-search in China,18(3):239-248(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
You,H.C.,Ren,L.S.,Zhang Y.M.,2003.Structural Geometry and Activities of the Fukang-Jimsar Fualt Zone,Xinjiang.Seismology and Geology,25(3):375-384(inChinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Yang,X.P.,et al.,1995.Glac-iofluvial Geomorphology and Neotectonics along theRange-Front of the Northern Tianshan.In:Deng,Q.D.,ed.,Research on Active Faults(4).SeisnologicalPress,Beijing,63-78(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
柏美祥,范芳琴,吴晓莉,等,1997.博格达山北麓活动构造.内陆地震,11(1):16-21.
陈桂华,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等,2006.数字航空摄影测量学方法在活动构造中的应用.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,31(3):405-410.
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华,1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(2).北京:地震出版社,247-264.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等,1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制.地学前缘,6(4):191-201.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等,2000.天山活动构造.北京:地震出版社.
冯先岳,1997.新疆古地震.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
李杰,王晓强,方伟,等,2006.应用GPS技术反演乌鲁木齐地区构造块体运动变形特征.内陆地震,20(2):143-148.
卢海峰,何仲太,赵俊香,等,2008.元谋断裂晚第四纪活动性定量分析.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):852-860.
栾超群,罗福忠,胡军,等,1998a.新疆古牧地断裂全新世的断错活动.内陆地震,12(2):133-141.
栾超群,罗福忠,胡军,等,1998b.新疆博格达山北麓山前断裂西段的断裂组成及其在全新世时期的活动.内陆地震,12(4):355-361.
罗福忠,阮成雯,方伟,2006.新疆博格达山北缘现今构造运动特征.内陆地震,20(2):109-114.
吕红华,李有利,南峰,等,2008.天山北麓河流阶地序列及形成年代.地理学报,63(1):65-74.
毛风英,张培震,1995.古地震研究的逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,153-164.
汪一鹏,沈军,2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征.新疆地质,18(3):203-210.
闻学泽,1991.活断层的定量研究与长期地震潜势的概率估计问题.见:邓起东编,活动构造研究(1).北京:地震出版社,174-183.
吴传勇,沈军,史杰,等,2010.新疆博格达北缘阜康南断裂带古牧地段晚第四纪活动特征.第四纪研究,30(5):1020-1029.
伍致中,1989.准噶尔盆地东部地区油气聚集特征及勘探建议.新疆石油地质,10(4):15-21.
尤惠川,任利生,陈国星,等,2002.东天山阜康断裂的变形方式与全新世滑动速率.中国地震,18(3):239-248.
尤惠川,任利生,张玉梅,2003.新疆阜康-吉木萨尔断裂带的几何特征与活动性研究.地震地质,25(3):375-384.
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等,1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动.见:邓起东编,活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,63-78.
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