金沙江水网及其地震地下水前兆监测能力的讨论
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摘要
金沙江下游梯级水电站水库地震地下水动态监测网(简称金沙江水网),是中国第2个专门用于水库区地震前兆监测与研究为目的的企业地下水动态监测网。文中简要介绍了该网的布设、观测网的技术构成、观测井与观测含水层的基本特征及试运行的基本结果,从观测井-含水层特征及观测到的水位与水温多月、月、日动态特征,评估了其地震前兆监测能力。
The groundwater monitoring network in the reservoir area of cascade hydroelectric stations in the lower reaches of Jinshajiang(abbreviation:Jinshajiang groundwater observation network)is the second groundwater observation network in China constructed by enterprise exclusively for earthquake precursor monitoring and study in reservoir areas.In this paper,distribution of the observation network,observational technologic system,basic characteristics of observation well and aquifer,and basic result of trial observation are presented,and the monitoring capability of earthquake precursor are discussed with respect to the conditions of observation well and aquifer and characteristics of multi-monthly,monthly,daily behaviors of water level and temperature in well.
The groundwater monitoring network in the reservoir area of cascade hydroelectric stations in the lower reaches of Jinshajiang(abbreviation:Jinshajiang groundwater observation network)is the second groundwater observation network in China constructed by enterprise exclusively for earthquake precursor monitoring and study in reservoir areas.In this paper,distribution of the observation network,observational technologic system,basic characteristics of observation well and aquifer,and basic result of trial observation are presented,and the monitoring capability of earthquake precursor are discussed with respect to the conditions of observation well and aquifer and characteristics of multi-monthly,monthly,daily behaviors of water level and temperature in well.
引文
[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所,2006,金沙江下游梯级水电站水库地震监测系统勘选与设计报告。
车用太,1990.地下水动态观测井映震灵敏条件的研究[J].中国地震,6(4):67—73.CHE Yong-tai1990.Studies on the conditions affecting the sensitivity of observational well related to earthquake precur-sors[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(4):67—73(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,等.1999.张北-尚义地震的地下流体异常场及其成因分析[J].地震学报,21(2):194—201.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Wu-zhou,et al.1999.The anomalous field of underground fluids related to the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake and cause of its formation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):194—201(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲.2002.三峡井网的布设与观测井建设[J].地震地质,24(3):423—434.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Wu-zhou.2002.Arrangement of well network and establishment of observation well at Three Gorges of the Yangtze River[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):423—434(in Chinese).
车用太,赵文忠,鱼金子,等.2006.京津冀地区井水位的数字化观测及其地震监测效能评估[J].地震,26(4):103—112.CHE Yong-tai,ZHAO Wen-zhong,YU Jin-zi,et al.2006.Digitalized well-water-level observation and monitoring effi-ciency evaluation of earthquake precursor in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei[J].Earthquake,26(4):103—112(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘成龙,等.2010a.水库诱发地震地下水监测网建设的若干问题探讨[J].地震学报,32(2):203—213.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Cheng-long,et al.2010a.A discussion on some problems in groundwater network construction for monitoring reservoir-induced earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(2):203—213(in Chinese).
车用太,刘成龙,鱼金子,等.2010b.金沙江水网防雷地网施工与试验研究[J].地震,30(3):45—52.CHE Yong-tai,LIU Cheng-long,YU Jin-zi,et al.2010b.Construction and experiment of lightening protection in ground-water observation network of Jinshajiang Reservoir area[J].Earthquake,30(3):45—52(in Chinese).
车用太,何案华,鱼金子,等.2011.金沙江水网各观测井温度梯度的精细测量结果及其分析[J].地震地质,33(3):615—626.CHE Yong-tai,HE An-hua,YU Jin-zi,et al.2011.The results of fine measurement of temperature gradient in wells of Jin-shajiang groundwater observation network and its analysis[J].Seismology and Geology,33(3):615—626(in Chinese).
丁原章等.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.93—132.DING Yuan-zhang et al.1989.Rservoir-induced Earthquakes[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.93—132(in Chinese).
国家地震局科技监测司.1990.地震预报方法实用化研究文集(水位水化专集)[C].北京:地震出版社.74—102.Department of Science,Technology and Monitoring,SSB.1990.Collection on practicality research of earthquake predic-tion methods(water level and hydro-geochemistry)[C].Seismological Press,Beijing.74—102(in Chinese).
胡毓良.1994.水库诱发地震研究的进展[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社.623—628.HU Yu-liang.1994.Research development on reservoir-induced earthquakes[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on recent geodynamics and its application.Seismological Press,Beijing.623—628(in Chinese).
罗兰格.2004.R值评分方法的再研究[J].华北地震科学,22(2):1—5.LUO Lan-ge.2004.Restudy on the method of scoring with R-value[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,22(2):1—5(in Chinese).
王儒述.2007.三峡水库与诱发地震[J].国际地震动态,(3):12—21.WANG Ru-shu.2007.Three Gorges Reservoir and the induced earthquake[J].Recent Developments in World Seis-mology,(3):12—21(in Chinese).
赵文忠,车用太,刘成龙,等.2006.京津冀地区井水温度的数字化观测及其地震前兆监测效能的评估[J].地震,26(4):121—128.ZHAO Wen-zhong,CHE Yong-tai,LIU Cheng-long,et al.2006.Digitalized well-water-temperature observation and mo-nitoring efficiency evaluation of earthquake precursor in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Earthquake,26(4):121—128(in Chinese).
Chadha R H,Pandey A P.2003.Search for earthquake precursors in well water levels in a localized seismically active area of reservoir triggered earthquakes in lndia[J].Geophys Res Lett,30(7):691—694.
Gupta H K.1992.Reservoir Induced Earthquakes[M].Elsevier,New York.1—2.
Snow D T.1974.The geologic,hydrologic and geomorphic setting of earthquakes at Lake Kariba[A].In:Paper presen-ted at lnt.Colloq.on Seismic Effects of Reservoir lmpounding,March,1983.Royal Society,London.
Zoback M D,Hickman S.1982.Physical mechanisms controlling induced seismicity at Monticello Reservior,Sourth Carolina[J].J Geophys Res,87:6959—6974.
车用太,1990.地下水动态观测井映震灵敏条件的研究[J].中国地震,6(4):67—73.CHE Yong-tai1990.Studies on the conditions affecting the sensitivity of observational well related to earthquake precur-sors[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(4):67—73(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲,等.1999.张北-尚义地震的地下流体异常场及其成因分析[J].地震学报,21(2):194—201.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Wu-zhou,et al.1999.The anomalous field of underground fluids related to the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake and cause of its formation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):194—201(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲.2002.三峡井网的布设与观测井建设[J].地震地质,24(3):423—434.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Wu-zhou.2002.Arrangement of well network and establishment of observation well at Three Gorges of the Yangtze River[J].Seismology and Geology,24(3):423—434(in Chinese).
车用太,赵文忠,鱼金子,等.2006.京津冀地区井水位的数字化观测及其地震监测效能评估[J].地震,26(4):103—112.CHE Yong-tai,ZHAO Wen-zhong,YU Jin-zi,et al.2006.Digitalized well-water-level observation and monitoring effi-ciency evaluation of earthquake precursor in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei[J].Earthquake,26(4):103—112(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子,刘成龙,等.2010a.水库诱发地震地下水监测网建设的若干问题探讨[J].地震学报,32(2):203—213.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi,LIU Cheng-long,et al.2010a.A discussion on some problems in groundwater network construction for monitoring reservoir-induced earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,32(2):203—213(in Chinese).
车用太,刘成龙,鱼金子,等.2010b.金沙江水网防雷地网施工与试验研究[J].地震,30(3):45—52.CHE Yong-tai,LIU Cheng-long,YU Jin-zi,et al.2010b.Construction and experiment of lightening protection in ground-water observation network of Jinshajiang Reservoir area[J].Earthquake,30(3):45—52(in Chinese).
车用太,何案华,鱼金子,等.2011.金沙江水网各观测井温度梯度的精细测量结果及其分析[J].地震地质,33(3):615—626.CHE Yong-tai,HE An-hua,YU Jin-zi,et al.2011.The results of fine measurement of temperature gradient in wells of Jin-shajiang groundwater observation network and its analysis[J].Seismology and Geology,33(3):615—626(in Chinese).
丁原章等.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.93—132.DING Yuan-zhang et al.1989.Rservoir-induced Earthquakes[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.93—132(in Chinese).
国家地震局科技监测司.1990.地震预报方法实用化研究文集(水位水化专集)[C].北京:地震出版社.74—102.Department of Science,Technology and Monitoring,SSB.1990.Collection on practicality research of earthquake predic-tion methods(water level and hydro-geochemistry)[C].Seismological Press,Beijing.74—102(in Chinese).
胡毓良.1994.水库诱发地震研究的进展[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社.623—628.HU Yu-liang.1994.Research development on reservoir-induced earthquakes[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on recent geodynamics and its application.Seismological Press,Beijing.623—628(in Chinese).
罗兰格.2004.R值评分方法的再研究[J].华北地震科学,22(2):1—5.LUO Lan-ge.2004.Restudy on the method of scoring with R-value[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,22(2):1—5(in Chinese).
王儒述.2007.三峡水库与诱发地震[J].国际地震动态,(3):12—21.WANG Ru-shu.2007.Three Gorges Reservoir and the induced earthquake[J].Recent Developments in World Seis-mology,(3):12—21(in Chinese).
赵文忠,车用太,刘成龙,等.2006.京津冀地区井水温度的数字化观测及其地震前兆监测效能的评估[J].地震,26(4):121—128.ZHAO Wen-zhong,CHE Yong-tai,LIU Cheng-long,et al.2006.Digitalized well-water-temperature observation and mo-nitoring efficiency evaluation of earthquake precursor in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Earthquake,26(4):121—128(in Chinese).
Chadha R H,Pandey A P.2003.Search for earthquake precursors in well water levels in a localized seismically active area of reservoir triggered earthquakes in lndia[J].Geophys Res Lett,30(7):691—694.
Gupta H K.1992.Reservoir Induced Earthquakes[M].Elsevier,New York.1—2.
Snow D T.1974.The geologic,hydrologic and geomorphic setting of earthquakes at Lake Kariba[A].In:Paper presen-ted at lnt.Colloq.on Seismic Effects of Reservoir lmpounding,March,1983.Royal Society,London.
Zoback M D,Hickman S.1982.Physical mechanisms controlling induced seismicity at Monticello Reservior,Sourth Carolina[J].J Geophys Res,87:6959—6974.
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