生物礁、生物丘及滩相沉积的地震特征对比与识别——以琼东南盆地深水区储层预测为例
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摘要
在深水无井碳酸盐岩发育区开展储层预测,单纯以丘状地震反射作为识别生物礁的依据容易把不具有储层意义的生物丘误判为生物礁,同时也会忽略具有储层意义但不具有丘状反射特征的滩相沉积。对生物礁、生物丘及滩相沉积这三类地质体从地震反射特征和地震速度特征两方面进行了分析对比,它们相互之间既有联系又有区别:生物礁为高速反射,同时具有丘状反射外形;生物丘具有丘状反射外形但为低速反射;滩相沉积为高速反射,但无丘状反射外形。由此建立了新的深水区礁滩储层预测方法,并对琼东南盆地一深水研究区中新统梅山组碳酸盐岩储层进行了重新预测,把原来预测的相当大的一部分"生物礁"划分为生物丘,同时还新发现了面积几可与生物礁相当的滩相沉积。本文所用方法对深水区碳酸盐岩储层的预测更为精确。
When reservoir prediction is carried out in a deep-water carbonate-distributing area without any exploration well,it is commonly not only easy to judge reservoir-free bioherms erroneously as real organic reefs only according to the mound seismic reflection configuration that is considered as the proof of reef existence but also easy to ignore the shoal flats without the feature of mound seismic reflection which are likely to be reservoirs.Contrasting seismic reflection with seismic velocity in feature,it is shown that some deference and correlation exist among reefs,bioherms and shoal flat bodies.A reef is characteristic of the mound reflection configuration with high velocity,and a bioherm is of same mound reflection configuration but with low velocity while a shoal flat(body) is of high velocity without the mound reflection configuration.Based on such features,a new method is built for predicting reef reservoirs and shoal flat reservoirs in deep-water areas.This method is applied to predict once more the middle Miocene Meishan carbonate reservoir in some deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin.The re-prediction gives a different result that a large part of reefs that were predicted before into "reefs" are reclassified into bioherms and meanwhile shoal flats with a such large area nearly as the distribution area of the reefs are unexpectedly discovered.It is proved that it is an accurate method for predicting carbonate reservoirs in deep-water area.
When reservoir prediction is carried out in a deep-water carbonate-distributing area without any exploration well,it is commonly not only easy to judge reservoir-free bioherms erroneously as real organic reefs only according to the mound seismic reflection configuration that is considered as the proof of reef existence but also easy to ignore the shoal flats without the feature of mound seismic reflection which are likely to be reservoirs.Contrasting seismic reflection with seismic velocity in feature,it is shown that some deference and correlation exist among reefs,bioherms and shoal flat bodies.A reef is characteristic of the mound reflection configuration with high velocity,and a bioherm is of same mound reflection configuration but with low velocity while a shoal flat(body) is of high velocity without the mound reflection configuration.Based on such features,a new method is built for predicting reef reservoirs and shoal flat reservoirs in deep-water areas.This method is applied to predict once more the middle Miocene Meishan carbonate reservoir in some deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin.The re-prediction gives a different result that a large part of reefs that were predicted before into "reefs" are reclassified into bioherms and meanwhile shoal flats with a such large area nearly as the distribution area of the reefs are unexpectedly discovered.It is proved that it is an accurate method for predicting carbonate reservoirs in deep-water area.
引文
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[2]张维,廖卓庭.天山东部晚石炭世碳酸盐岩隆岩石学与成岩作用[J].岩石学报,1998,14(4):559-567.
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[4]Stanton R J.Factors controlling shape and internal facies dis-tribution of organic carbonate buildups[J].AAPG Bulletin,1967,51(12):2462-2467.
[5]Wu Shiguo,Yuan Shengqiang,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Seis-mic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implica-tions for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2009,26(6):817-823.
[6]马玉波,吴时国,许建龙,等.琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷生物礁及碳酸盐岩台地发育模式[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):119-124.
[7]吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬,等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2):117-121.
[8]魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦,等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气勘探潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):245-252.
[9]陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(7):32-37.
[10]许红,王玉净,蔡峰,等.西沙中新世生物地层和藻类的造礁作用与生物礁演变特征[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
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[13]刘春兰,冯正祥.宝岛23-1构造生物礁地质评价[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):171-175.
[14]唐武,王英民,黄志超,等.琼东南盆地南部深水区中新统层序地层地震相与沉积演化特征[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(2):20-25.
[15]胡伟光,蒲勇,赵卓男,等.利用弹性参数预测礁、滩相储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):176-180.
[16]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587-591.
[17]Sattler U,Zampetti V,Schlager W,et al.Late leaching under deep burial conditions:A case study from the Miocene Zhujiang carbonate reservoir,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(8):977-992.
[18]陈晓良,赵泉鸿,翦知泯.南海北部ODP1148站中新世以来的碳酸盐岩含量变化及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):69-74.
[19]Monty C L V.The rise and nature of carbonate mud-mounds:An introductory actualistic approach//Monty C L V,Bosence D W J,Bridges P H,et al.Carbonate Mud-Mounds:Their Origin and Evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1995:11-48.
[20]钟建华,温志峰,李勇,等.生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质论评,2005,51(3):288-300.
[2]张维,廖卓庭.天山东部晚石炭世碳酸盐岩隆岩石学与成岩作用[J].岩石学报,1998,14(4):559-567.
[3]沙庆安.关于滩相沉积[J].古地理学报,1999,1(3):8-12.
[4]Stanton R J.Factors controlling shape and internal facies dis-tribution of organic carbonate buildups[J].AAPG Bulletin,1967,51(12):2462-2467.
[5]Wu Shiguo,Yuan Shengqiang,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Seis-mic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implica-tions for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2009,26(6):817-823.
[6]马玉波,吴时国,许建龙,等.琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷生物礁及碳酸盐岩台地发育模式[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):119-124.
[7]吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬,等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2):117-121.
[8]魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦,等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气勘探潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):245-252.
[9]陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(7):32-37.
[10]许红,王玉净,蔡峰,等.西沙中新世生物地层和藻类的造礁作用与生物礁演变特征[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[11]王国忠.南海珊瑚礁区沉积学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.
[12]张明书,何起祥,业治铮,等.西沙生物礁碳酸盐沉积地质学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,23-35.
[13]刘春兰,冯正祥.宝岛23-1构造生物礁地质评价[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):171-175.
[14]唐武,王英民,黄志超,等.琼东南盆地南部深水区中新统层序地层地震相与沉积演化特征[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(2):20-25.
[15]胡伟光,蒲勇,赵卓男,等.利用弹性参数预测礁、滩相储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):176-180.
[16]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587-591.
[17]Sattler U,Zampetti V,Schlager W,et al.Late leaching under deep burial conditions:A case study from the Miocene Zhujiang carbonate reservoir,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(8):977-992.
[18]陈晓良,赵泉鸿,翦知泯.南海北部ODP1148站中新世以来的碳酸盐岩含量变化及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):69-74.
[19]Monty C L V.The rise and nature of carbonate mud-mounds:An introductory actualistic approach//Monty C L V,Bosence D W J,Bridges P H,et al.Carbonate Mud-Mounds:Their Origin and Evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1995:11-48.
[20]钟建华,温志峰,李勇,等.生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质论评,2005,51(3):288-300.
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