基于Google Earth的1920年海原8.5级大地震地质灾害研究
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摘要
详细精确的滑坡编目是地震滑坡灾害评价的前提和基础。利用Google Earth提供的多源高精度卫星影像对1920年海原8.5级地震触发的黄土滑坡进行了详细解译,共解译得到1 000处滑坡,并利用多边形圈出了滑源区和堆积区。海原地震滑坡主要集中分布于西吉县西南部和海原县东南部。统计分析表明,地震触发的滑坡灾害主要受高程、坡高、坡度、坡向等地形地貌参数的控制,大量低角度高速远程滑坡主要是由于黄土液化的作用。
A detailed and precise landslide inventory is an essential part of seismic landslide hazard assessment.Based on multisource high-precision satellite images provided by Google Earth,landslides in loess triggered by Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake in 1920 are interpreted in detail.A total of 1000 landslides are got from the interpretation,and the slip source zone and accumulation zone are circled by use of multiple deformation.The landslides mainly distributed in the southwest of Xiji County and the southeast of Haiyuan County.The statistical analysis results indicate that earthquake triggered landslide hazard is mainly influenced by elevation,slope height,slope,and landform parameters,and a large number of low angle high-speed distant landslides is mainly due to the effect of loess liquefaction.
A detailed and precise landslide inventory is an essential part of seismic landslide hazard assessment.Based on multisource high-precision satellite images provided by Google Earth,landslides in loess triggered by Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake in 1920 are interpreted in detail.A total of 1000 landslides are got from the interpretation,and the slip source zone and accumulation zone are circled by use of multiple deformation.The landslides mainly distributed in the southwest of Xiji County and the southeast of Haiyuan County.The statistical analysis results indicate that earthquake triggered landslide hazard is mainly influenced by elevation,slope height,slope,and landform parameters,and a large number of low angle high-speed distant landslides is mainly due to the effect of loess liquefaction.
引文
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[8]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
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[10]刘亢,张学文,李津津,等.唐山地震震害分布与地质构造关系探讨[J].灾害学,2014,29(1):25-28.
[11]邓龙胜,范文.宁夏海原8.5级地震诱发黄土滑坡的变形破坏特征及发育机理[J].灾害学,2013,28(3):30-37.
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[15]袁丽侠.宁夏海原地震诱发黄土滑坡的形成机制研究[D].西安:西北大学,2005
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[19]陈永明,石玉成.中国西北黄土地区地震滑坡基本特征[J].地震研究,2006,29(3):276-280.
[20]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):670-674.
[21]王兰民.饱和黄土液化机理与特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89-94.
[22]袁丽侠.宁夏西吉县低角高速远程黄土滑坡及其形成机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(2):219-223.
[23]Zhang D X,Wang G H.Study of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquakeinduced landslides in loess(China)[J].Engineering Geology,2007,94:76-88.
[24]Lin Z G,Xu Z J.Loess in China and landslides in loess slopes[C]//Chen Zuyu,Zhang Jianmin,Li Zhongkui,et al.Landslides and Engineered Slopes.London:Taylor&Francis Group,2008:129-144..
[25]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发滑坡方向效应研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(Supp.1):7-14.
[26]Xu Q,Zhang S,Li W L.Spatial Distribution of Large-scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8:246-260.
[27]Gorum T,Fan X M,Westen C J,et al.Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2011,133(3/4):152-167.
[28]Huang R Q,Li W L.Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J].Bull of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68:363-371.
[29]Huang R Q,Li W L.Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China[J].Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences,2009b,52(4):810-19.
[30]陈永明,石玉成,刘红玫,等.黄土地区地震滑坡的分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):235-243.
[2]Morimoto R.Geology of Imaichi district with special reference to the earthquake of Dec.26,1949(II)[J].Bulletin.Earthquake Research Institute,1951,29:349-358.
[3]Morton D M.Seismically triggered landslides in the area above the San Fernando Valley[J].U.S.Geological Survey Professional Paper,1971,733:99-104.
[4]Morton D M.Seismically triggered landslides in the area above the san Fernando Valley[J].State of California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin,1975,196:145-154.
[5]Plafker G,Ericksen G E,Fernández C J.Geological aspects of the May 31,1970,Peru earthquake[J].Bulletin Seismological Society of America,1971,61:543-578.
[6]Harp E L,Jibson,R W.Landslides triggered by the 1994Northridge,California earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1996,86(1B):S319-S332.
[7]Liao,H W,Lee C T.Probabilistic hazard analysis of earthquakeinduced landslides——an example from Khuosing,Taiwan[C]//Proceedings of The Next Generation of Research on Earthquake-Induced Landslides,An International Conference in Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Chi-Chi Earthquake.Taipei:NTUH,2009:91-92.
[8]Dai F C,Xu C,Yao X,et al.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):883-895.
[9]李明辉,王东辉,高延超,等.鲜水河断裂带炉霍7.9级地震地质灾害研究[J].灾害学,2014,29(1):37-41.
[10]刘亢,张学文,李津津,等.唐山地震震害分布与地质构造关系探讨[J].灾害学,2014,29(1):25-28.
[11]邓龙胜,范文.宁夏海原8.5级地震诱发黄土滑坡的变形破坏特征及发育机理[J].灾害学,2013,28(3):30-37.
[12]Sato H P,Harp E L.Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008,M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area,Sichuan Province,China using satellite imagery and Google Earth[J].Landslides,2009,6:153-159.
[13]Zhang Z D,Wang L M.Geological disaster in loess areas during the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake,China[J].Geojournal,1995,36:269-274.
[14]Derbyshire E,Meng X M,Dijkstra T A.Landslides in thick loesss terrain of north-west China[M].John Wiley&Sons Ltd,West Sussex England,2000.
[15]袁丽侠.宁夏海原地震诱发黄土滑坡的形成机制研究[D].西安:西北大学,2005
[16]Close U,Mc Cormick E.Where the mountain walked.An account of the recent earthquake in Gansu Province,China,which destroyed 100,000 lives[J].National Geographic Magzine,1922,XLI(5):445-464.
[17]白铭学,张苏民.高烈度地震时黄土地层的液化移动[J].工程勘察,1990(6):1-5.
[18]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[19]陈永明,石玉成.中国西北黄土地区地震滑坡基本特征[J].地震研究,2006,29(3):276-280.
[20]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):670-674.
[21]王兰民.饱和黄土液化机理与特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89-94.
[22]袁丽侠.宁夏西吉县低角高速远程黄土滑坡及其形成机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(2):219-223.
[23]Zhang D X,Wang G H.Study of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquakeinduced landslides in loess(China)[J].Engineering Geology,2007,94:76-88.
[24]Lin Z G,Xu Z J.Loess in China and landslides in loess slopes[C]//Chen Zuyu,Zhang Jianmin,Li Zhongkui,et al.Landslides and Engineered Slopes.London:Taylor&Francis Group,2008:129-144..
[25]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发滑坡方向效应研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(Supp.1):7-14.
[26]Xu Q,Zhang S,Li W L.Spatial Distribution of Large-scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8:246-260.
[27]Gorum T,Fan X M,Westen C J,et al.Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geomorphology,2011,133(3/4):152-167.
[28]Huang R Q,Li W L.Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J].Bull of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68:363-371.
[29]Huang R Q,Li W L.Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China[J].Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences,2009b,52(4):810-19.
[30]陈永明,石玉成,刘红玫,等.黄土地区地震滑坡的分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].中国地震,2005,21(2):235-243.
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