“4·20”芦山地震崩塌滑坡与公路危险性评价——以宝兴县省道S210沿线为例
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摘要
以芦山地震重灾区宝兴县境内省道S210沿线为研究区,利用高分辨率航片,对沿线地震诱发崩塌滑坡进行判识,并通过分析地形、地层岩性及震中距等因子,探讨公路沿线崩塌滑坡的分布规律,进而利用确定性系数和频率比例法对地震诱发崩塌滑坡的易发性进行评价,最终通过沿线崩塌滑坡易发性分析结果对道路断道的危险性进行评价。研究结果发现:省道S210沿线芦山地震造成的坡面破坏以中小型崩塌为主,高程集中在750～1 500 m,坡度多位于30°～60°,且位于西、南西和北西坡向的崩塌滑坡较多,岩性以硬岩和软硬相间岩层为主,研究区距震中19～21 km的距离为崩塌滑坡集中分布区域。崩塌滑坡高易发区和较高易发区主要位于研究区的北段,南段公路同侧也有分布,较低和低易发区位于中段宽谷路段。
The Ms 7.0 April 20,2013 Lushan earthquake induced more than 1 460 landslides and collapses in Sichuan of China.Roads were blocked by the landslides and collapses,so the relief people and machineries could not go into the earthquake-stricken area immediately,and the relief works were delayed in some degree.The highway S210,which was an important line of communications connect Baoxing and Lushan,was taken as study area.The aerial images with 0.5 m spatial resolution were used to interpret the landslides and collapses induced by the earthquake.Then characteristics of distribution were analyzed base on topographical factors,geological factors and distance to the epicenter.The susceptibility assessment was conduct by Certainty Factor and Frequency Ratio method.At last,the hazard assessment to the road were done base on the susceptibility map.Some conclusions were got that,the collapse was the main hazard induced by the earthquake along the S210 highway;they were concentrated in the elevation of 750 m to 1 500 m,and the slope gradient of landslides and collapses mainly between 30° to 60°.Large numbers of landslides and collapses occurred in the aspect of west,southwest and northwest slopes.The lithology also influenced the distribution of landslides and collapses,most of landslides and collapses located in the hard rocks or hard and soft alternated rocks.Many landslides and collapses located in the area with distance of 19 km to 21 km to the epicenter.Form the susceptibility may of landslides induced by the earthquake,the very high and high susceptible zones located in the north part and north part of the highway,and the low and very low susceptible zones located in the middle of the highway.
The Ms 7.0 April 20,2013 Lushan earthquake induced more than 1 460 landslides and collapses in Sichuan of China.Roads were blocked by the landslides and collapses,so the relief people and machineries could not go into the earthquake-stricken area immediately,and the relief works were delayed in some degree.The highway S210,which was an important line of communications connect Baoxing and Lushan,was taken as study area.The aerial images with 0.5 m spatial resolution were used to interpret the landslides and collapses induced by the earthquake.Then characteristics of distribution were analyzed base on topographical factors,geological factors and distance to the epicenter.The susceptibility assessment was conduct by Certainty Factor and Frequency Ratio method.At last,the hazard assessment to the road were done base on the susceptibility map.Some conclusions were got that,the collapse was the main hazard induced by the earthquake along the S210 highway;they were concentrated in the elevation of 750 m to 1 500 m,and the slope gradient of landslides and collapses mainly between 30° to 60°.Large numbers of landslides and collapses occurred in the aspect of west,southwest and northwest slopes.The lithology also influenced the distribution of landslides and collapses,most of landslides and collapses located in the hard rocks or hard and soft alternated rocks.Many landslides and collapses located in the area with distance of 19 km to 21 km to the epicenter.Form the susceptibility may of landslides induced by the earthquake,the very high and high susceptible zones located in the north part and north part of the highway,and the low and very low susceptible zones located in the middle of the highway.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng.Mountain hazards induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and challenges in Reconstruction[G]//Proceedings of Centennial celebration for The geographical society of China.Beijing,2009.[崔鹏.汶川地震次生山地灾害与灾后重建的挑战[G]//中国地理学会百年庆典学术论文摘要集.北京,2009.]
[3]Sichuan Geological Engineering Survey Court.Report on geo-hazards investigation and zonal in Baoxing county after Wenchuan earthquake[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Land and Resources Department,2010.[四川省地质工程勘察院.汶川地震灾区震后宝兴县地质灾害详细调查与区划报告[R].成都:四川省国土资源厅,2010.]
[4]Sichuan Chuanjian Geoterchnical Survey and Design Institute.Report on geo-hazards investigation and zonal in Lushan county,Ya’an city,Sichuan province[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Provincial Land and Resources Department,2010.[四川省川建勘察设计院.四川省雅安市芦山县地质灾害详细调查与区划报告[R].成都:四川省国土资源厅,2010.]
[5]Heckerman A.Probabilistic interpretation of MYCIN’s certainty factors[G]//Kanal L N,Lemmer J F.Uncertainty in Atificial Inteligence.New York:Elsevier,1986:298-311
[6]Qiao Yanxiao,Ma Zhoangshe,Lv Fengjun,et al.Characteristics and dynamic cause mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake geolog-cal hazards[J].Geology in China.2009,36(3):736-741[乔彦肖,马中社,吕凤军,等.汶川地震地质灾害发育特点及动因机制分析[J].中国地质,2009,36(3):736-741]
[7]Meunir P,Hovius N,Haines A J.Topographic site effects and the location of earthquake induced landslides[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,275:221-232
[8]Lee S,Talib J A.Probabilistic landslide susceptibility and factor effect analysis[J].Environmental Geology,2005,47:982-990
[9]Lee S,Sambath T.Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Damrei Romel area,Cambodia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models[J].Environmental Geology,2006,50(6):847-856
[10]Lee S,TuDan N.Probabilistic landslide susceptibility mapping in the Lai Chau province of Vietnam:focus on the relationship between tectonic fractures and landslides[J].Environmental Geology,2005,48:778-787
[11]Yilmaz I.GIS based susceptibility mapping of karst depression in gypsum:a case study from Sivas basin(Turkey).Engineering Geology,2007,90(1-2):89-103
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