“4·20”芦山地震地质灾害遥感快速解译与空间分析
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摘要
2013年4月20日四川省芦山县发生7.0级地震,地震诱发了大量的崩塌滑坡。利用四川省测绘地理信息局和四川省地质调查院提供的芦山县城、太平镇、宝盛乡、龙门乡、清仁乡、上里镇、思延乡等重灾乡镇的震后高精度航空影像进行了地质灾害体的解译,利用GIS分析了芦山地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的空间分布关系和特征。结果表明崩塌滑坡主要受断层控制,距离发震断层3km范围内分布密度最大;坡度是影响崩滑分布的重要因素,崩滑体主要分布在坡度40°～50°范围内;在海拔高度1～1.5km范围内崩塌滑坡密度最大;距水系400m范围内的崩塌滑坡分布密度最大;白垩系泥岩、砂岩出露的地方容易产生大量崩塌滑坡;崩塌滑坡主要集中分布在Ⅸ烈度区。
A strong earthquake occurred in Lushan County,Sichuan Province on April 20,2013.It induced a large number of geohazards.These geohazards have had significant impacts on the earthquake region.In order to understand the distribution patterns of the co-seismic landslides,this paper makes an emergency interpretation and analysis of the post-earthquake airphotos of the landslides.The study areas cover Lushan,Taiping,Baosheng,Longmen,Qingren,Shangli and Siyan.The airphoto data were provided by Sichuan Bureau of Survey and Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey.The data indicate that the spatial distribution of the earthquake triggered landslides is dominated by the seismogenic fault in the GIS statistic analysis.The landslides are mainly distributed in the range of 3 km.The slope gradient was one of the main controlling factors of the landslide distribution,for most landslides occur in the range of 40°~50° slope gradient;Most landslides occur in the range of 1.0~1.5 km elevation above sea-level.Within the scope of 400 m from the drainage system,the landslides distribution density is the largest.Many landslides mainly occur in the soft rocks such as mudstone and sandstone,where small landslides likely occur.Most landslides mainly concentrate in Ⅸ intensity area.
A strong earthquake occurred in Lushan County,Sichuan Province on April 20,2013.It induced a large number of geohazards.These geohazards have had significant impacts on the earthquake region.In order to understand the distribution patterns of the co-seismic landslides,this paper makes an emergency interpretation and analysis of the post-earthquake airphotos of the landslides.The study areas cover Lushan,Taiping,Baosheng,Longmen,Qingren,Shangli and Siyan.The airphoto data were provided by Sichuan Bureau of Survey and Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey.The data indicate that the spatial distribution of the earthquake triggered landslides is dominated by the seismogenic fault in the GIS statistic analysis.The landslides are mainly distributed in the range of 3 km.The slope gradient was one of the main controlling factors of the landslide distribution,for most landslides occur in the range of 40°~50° slope gradient;Most landslides occur in the range of 1.0~1.5 km elevation above sea-level.Within the scope of 400 m from the drainage system,the landslides distribution density is the largest.Many landslides mainly occur in the soft rocks such as mudstone and sandstone,where small landslides likely occur.Most landslides mainly concentrate in Ⅸ intensity area.
引文
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[3]Khattak G A,Owen L A,Kamp U,et al.Evolutionof earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Hi-malaya,northern Pakistan[J].Geomorphology,2010,115:102-108.
[4]Koi T,Hotta N,Ishigaki I,et al.Prolonged impactof earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield ina mountain watershed,the Tanzawa region,Japan[J].Geomorphology,2008,101:692-702.
[5]Tang C,Van Asch T W J,Chang M,et al.Cata-strophic Debris flows on 13August 2010in the Qing-ping area,southwestern China:the combined effectsof a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms[J].Geomorphology,2012,139:559-576.
[6]Dai F C,Xu C,Yan X,et al.Spatial distribution oflandslide hazards triggered by the 2008Ms 8.0 Wen-chuan Earthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian EarthSciences,2011,40:883-895.
[7]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发崩塌滑坡数量及其密度特征分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(3):1-7.Huang R Q,Li W L.Analysis on the number anddensity of landslides triggered by the WenchuanEarthquake,China[J].Journal of Geological Hazardsand Environment Preservation,2009,20(3):1-7.(In Chinese)
[8]常鸣,唐川,李为乐,等.汶川地震区绵远河流域泥石流形成区的崩塌滑坡特征[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):561-569.Chang M,Tang C,Li W L.The characteristic ofcollapse and landslide by Wenchuan Earthquake indebris flow for region along the Mianyuan river basin,China[J].Journal of Mountain Sciences,2012,30(5):561-569.(In Chinese)
[9]李为乐,黄润秋,唐川,等.汶川地震触发的绵远河流域崩塌滑坡的特征[J].山地学报,2011,29(4):483-492.Li W L,Huang R Q,Tang C,et al.Landslides trig-gered by“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake in the Mi-anyuan river basin,China[J].Journal of MountainScience,2011,29(4):483-492.(In Chinese)
[10]唐春安,左宇军,秦泗凤,等.汶川地震中的边坡浅层散裂与抛射模式及其动力学解释[C]//第十届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:中国电力出版社,2009:258-262.Tang C A,Zuo Y J,Qin S F,et al.Spalling andslinging pattern of shallow slope and dynamics ex-planation in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Rock Mechan-ics and Engineering,China.Beijing:China electricpower press,2009:258-262.(In Chinese)
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