地震引发边坡病害的变形破坏模式研究
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摘要
研究目的:地震引发的边坡病害与一般条件下的边坡病害类型有所不同,其作用机理和变形破坏模式各异,且危害巨大。为了有针对性地进行预防和治理,在对受"5·12"汶川特大地震影响的都汶公路汶川—映秀段等3段沿线边坡病害调查的基础上,通过边坡病害类型、坡体结构及其发生机制的分析研究,归纳总结出地震引发边坡病害的变形破坏模式。研究结论:(1)震区边坡病害主要有崩塌、滑坡、坍塌、错落和落石5类,其中崩塌是最主要的边坡病害,约占总病害量的71%;发生于岩质边坡的病害最多,占总病害边坡的80%。(2)边坡病害的变形破坏模式崩塌有拉裂-坠落型等8种,滑坡有拉裂-剪断-滑移型等5种,坍塌有震动松弛-坍塌型等2种,落石有抛落型和掉落型2种,错落有震动-挤压型1种。(3)本研究对铁路、公路等地震引发边坡病害的预防和治理具有一定的参考与应用价值。
Research purposes: The slope diseases caused by earthquake are different from other types of slope diseases in general. They have various mechanism and deformation failure modes and can cause large damages. In order to prevent and control these diseases pointedly,based on investigations of 3 slope diseases along the Wenchuan-Yingxiu Road influenced by the "5·12" Wenchuan Earthquake,the analyses and researches were made and done on the slope diseases types,slope structures and mechanism to summarize the deformation failure modes of slope diseases caused by earthquake. Research conclusions:(1) The main types of slope diseases include the collapse,landslide,slumping,fault and rockfall. Collapse is the major disease,up to 71% of the total slope diseases. About 80% diseases happens to rock slope.(2) The deformation failure modes of collapse have 8 types like pull cracking and falling. Landslide has 5types like pull cracking,shearing off and sliding. Slumping has 2 types of shaking loose and slumping. Rock falling has 2 types of throwing and dropping. Disorder falling has 1 type of shaking to crimping.(3) This research result can provide the reference to prevention and control of the slope diseases caused by earthquakes along railways and roads.
Research purposes: The slope diseases caused by earthquake are different from other types of slope diseases in general. They have various mechanism and deformation failure modes and can cause large damages. In order to prevent and control these diseases pointedly,based on investigations of 3 slope diseases along the Wenchuan-Yingxiu Road influenced by the "5·12" Wenchuan Earthquake,the analyses and researches were made and done on the slope diseases types,slope structures and mechanism to summarize the deformation failure modes of slope diseases caused by earthquake. Research conclusions:(1) The main types of slope diseases include the collapse,landslide,slumping,fault and rockfall. Collapse is the major disease,up to 71% of the total slope diseases. About 80% diseases happens to rock slope.(2) The deformation failure modes of collapse have 8 types like pull cracking and falling. Landslide has 5types like pull cracking,shearing off and sliding. Slumping has 2 types of shaking loose and slumping. Rock falling has 2 types of throwing and dropping. Disorder falling has 1 type of shaking to crimping.(3) This research result can provide the reference to prevention and control of the slope diseases caused by earthquakes along railways and roads.
引文
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[2]朱宝龙,陈强,吴锡勇,等.注浆微型桩群支护体系作用机理及其工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Zhu Baolong,Chen Qiang,Wu Xiyong,etc.Mechanism and Engineering Application on Supporting System of Grouting Micro-pile Group[M].Beijing:Science Press Ltd,2009.
[3]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,等.边坡与滑坡工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010.Zheng Yingren,Chen Zuyu,Wang Gongxian,etc.Engineering Management for Slope and Landslide[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010.
[4]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009(6):1239-1249.Huang Runqiu.Mechanism and Geomechanical Modes of Landslide Hazards Triggered By Wenchuan 8.0Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanism and Engineering,2009(6):1239-1249.
[5]许冲,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.玉树地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析[J].科技导报,2012(1):18-24.Xu Chong,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua,etc.Susceptibility Analysis of Impact Factors of Landslides Triggered by Yushu Earthquake[J].Science and Technology Review,2012(1):18-24.
[6]高志伟.地震灾害对山区铁路路基工程的影响与对策研究[J].铁道工程学报,2008(12):14-17.Gao Zhiwei.Research on the Influence of Earthquake on Railway Subgrade Engineering in Mountain Area and Its Countermeasures[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008(12):14-17.
[7]徐邦栋.高堑坡设计及病害分析与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2011.Xu Bangdong.Disease Analysis and Control for High Cutting Slope[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2011.
[8]DD 2008—02,滑坡崩塌泥石流灾害详细调查规范(1∶50 000)[S].DD 2008—02,Specification of Geological Survey for Landslide on the Scale of(1∶50 000)[S].
[9]许强,董秀军.汶川地震大型滑坡成因模式[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011(6):1134-1142.Xu Qiang,Dong Xiujun.Genetic Types of LargeScale Landslides Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011(6):1134-1142.
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