利用小波方法处理2004年苏门答腊大地震后的超导重力数据检测低于1.5mHz自由振荡信号的耦合和分裂
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摘要
新型超导重力仪已被证实在频率低于1 mHz的情况下优于最好的地震仪STS-1,因而新型超导重力仪可作为极低噪音的地震仪,观测长周期地球自由振荡.具有良好窄带频率响应的小波滤波器非常有助于消除大气压波动对重力变化的影响.用小波滤波器处理2004年12月26日苏门答腊大地震后的超导重力仪的观测数据,清楚地检测到了1.5 mHz以下,除0T5,0T7,1T1外所有的环形自由振荡的耦合现象,并检测到了环形自由振荡1T2,1T3的耦合现象.此外,还利用单台超导重力仪的观测数据清楚地检测到了球形自由振荡2S1的3个分裂谱峰.
引文
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31Woodhouse J.The coupling and attenuation of nearly resonant multiplets in the earth’s free oscillations of the Earth.Geophys J Res,1980,61:261—283
32Dahlen F A,Tromp J.Theoretical Global Seismology.Princeton:Princeton University Press,Princeton NJ,1998.234—235
33Dahlen F A,Sailor R.Rotational and elliptical splitting of the free oscillations of the Earth.Geophys J R Astron Soc1979,58:609—623
34Stein S,Geller R.Amplitudes of the earth’s split normal modes.J Phys Earth,1977,25:117—142
35Stein S,Okla E.Seismology:Speed and size of the Sumatra earthquake.Nature,2005,434:581—582
36Backus G,Gilbert F.The rotational splitting of the free oscilla-tions of the Earth.Proc National Acad Sci USA,1961,47:362—371
37Ritzwoller M,Lavely E M.Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth’s mantel.Rev Geophys,1995,33:1—66
2Kamal,Mansinha L.A test of the superconducting gravimeter as a long-period seismometer.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1992,71:52—60
3Richter B,Wenzel H,G Zürn W,et al.From Chandler wobble to free oscillations:comparison of cryogenic gravimeters and other instruments in a wide period range.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1995,91:131—148
4Freybourger M,Hinderer J,Trampert J.Comparative study of su-perconducting gravimeters and broadband seismometers STS-1/Z in subseismic frequency bands.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1997,101:203—217
5Banka D,Crossley D.Noise levels of superconducting gravime-ters at seismic frequencies.Geophys J Int,1999,139:97—97
6van Camp.Measuring seismic normal modes with the GWR C021superconducting gravimeter.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1999,116:81—92
7Warburton R J,Brinton E W.Recent Developments in GWR In-strument’s superconducting Gravimeters.In:Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie,Proceeding of Second Workshop:Non-tidal gravity changes:Intercomparison between Absolute and Superconducting Gravimeters,1995,11:23—56
8Richter B,Warburton R.A new generation of superconducting gravimeters enables the in-situ detection and elimination of offsets and interruptions from continuous gravity measurements.In:Du-carme B,eds.Brussels:Proc13th Symp Earth Tides,1998:545—555
9Rosat S,Hinderer J,Crossley D.A comparison of the seismic noise levels at various GGP stations.Bull Inf Marées Terrestres,2002,135:10689—10700
10Widmer R.What can superconducting contribute to normal mode seismology?Bull Seismol Am,2003,93(3):1370—1380
11Peterson J.Observation and modeling of seismic background noise.US.Geological Survey,Open-File Reports,1993,1-45:93—322
12Daubechies I.Orthonormal Bases of Compactly Supported Wave-let.Commun Pure Appl Math,1988,41:909—996
13Daubechies I.Ten Lectures on Wavelets.CBMS-NSF Series in Applied Mathematics,SIAM,Philadelphia,1992
14Mallat S.Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthonor-mal bases of L2(R).Trans Am Math Soc,1989,315:69—87
15Mallat S.A theory for multiscale signals decomposition:The wavelet representation.IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell,1989,11:674—693
16Smith M,Barnwell T.Exact reconstruction for tree-structured subband coders.IEEE Trans Acoust,Speech Signal Proce,1986,34:431—41
17Zürn W,Widmer R.On noise reduction in vertical seismic recordsbelow2mHz using local barometric pressure.Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:3537—3540
18Crossley D,Jensen O G,Hinderer J.Effective barometric admit-tance and gravity residuals.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1995,90:221—241
19Crossley D,Hinderer J,Rosat S.Using the atmosphere-gravity correlation to derive a time-dependent admittance.Bull Inf Marées Terrestres,2002,136:10809—10820
20Hu X G,Liu L T,Hinderer J,et al.Wavelet filter analysis of local atmospheric pressure effects on gravity variations.J Geodesy,2005,79(8):447—459
21Park J,Song T,Tromp J,et al.Earth's Free Oscillations Excited by the26December2004Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake.Science,2005,308:1139—1144
22Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.Preliminary Reference Earth Model.Phys Earth Planet Int,1981,25:297—356
23Zürn W,GLaske,Widmer R,et al.Observation of Coriolis cou-pled modes below1mHz.Geophys J Int,2000,143:113—118
24Masters G,Gilbert F.Attenuation in the earth at low frequencies.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1983,308:479—522
25Tromp J,Zanzerkia E.Toroidal splitting observations from the great1994Bolivia and Kuril Islands earthquakes.Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:2297—2300
26Resovsky J,Ritzwoller M.New and refined constraints on three-dimensional Earth structure from normal modes below3mHz.J Geophys Res,1998,103(B1):783—810
27Gilbert F,Dziewonski A M.An application of normal mode theory to the retrieval of structural parameters and source mechanismsfrom seismic spectra.Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1975,278:187—269
28Slichter L B.The fundamental free mode of the Earth’s inner core.Proc National Acad Sci USA,1961,47(2):186—190
29Rosat S,Hinderer J,Rivera L.First observation of2S1and study of the splitting of the football mode0S2after the June2001Peru earthquake of magnitude84.Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(21):2111,doi:101029/2003GL018304
30Courtier N,Ducarme B,Goodkind J,et al.Global superconduct-ing gravimeter observations and the search for the translational modes of the inner core.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2000,117:3—20
31Woodhouse J.The coupling and attenuation of nearly resonant multiplets in the earth’s free oscillations of the Earth.Geophys J Res,1980,61:261—283
32Dahlen F A,Tromp J.Theoretical Global Seismology.Princeton:Princeton University Press,Princeton NJ,1998.234—235
33Dahlen F A,Sailor R.Rotational and elliptical splitting of the free oscillations of the Earth.Geophys J R Astron Soc1979,58:609—623
34Stein S,Geller R.Amplitudes of the earth’s split normal modes.J Phys Earth,1977,25:117—142
35Stein S,Okla E.Seismology:Speed and size of the Sumatra earthquake.Nature,2005,434:581—582
36Backus G,Gilbert F.The rotational splitting of the free oscilla-tions of the Earth.Proc National Acad Sci USA,1961,47:362—371
37Ritzwoller M,Lavely E M.Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth’s mantel.Rev Geophys,1995,33:1—66
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