微地震有效事件自动识别与定位方法
|
摘要
微地震有效事件自动识别与定位是进行微地震实时监测的关键。自动识别的准确性对随后的震源定位精度有很大影响。本文在讨论长短时窗能量比(STA/LTA)法基础上,讨论了基于特征值分析且抗噪能力较强的识别方法。结合多道检波器相互位置及有效信号的空间相关关系,根据P、S波的传播特征,通过研究有效微地震信号在相邻道之间及多道之间的变化特征,形成了多级检波器微地震有效事件的自动识别方法。在对初至有效波进行拉平的基础上,利用叠加能量和相关特性,采用跟踪分量方法进行扫描叠加,并以非均一化互相关准则作为初至校平的判断依据,建立了微地震事件的自动扫描定位方法。应用该方法对实际资料进行有效微地震事件的识别与定位,结果与实际情况基本吻合。该方法可克服以往微地震人工识别和定位的缺陷,提高微地震监测的效率。
The automatic identification and localization of micro seismic effective events is the key of micro seismic real-time monitoring.The accuracy of automatic picking micro seismic effective events has a great impact on source location.Based on discussion about the STA/LTA method,the paper proposes a method for automatic identification and localization of micro seismic effective events.We first discuss eigenvalue analysis methods to enhance the noise immunity.Considering both the mutual location of multi-channel detectors and the correlation in space of signals,and according to the propagation characteristics of P and S waves,we can find a variation law of micro seismic signals between adjacent-channels,which is used to automatically identify micro seismic signals on the multi-channel detectors.After leveling first arrivals,we use component track scanning stack to automatically identify and localize micro seismic effective events by stack energy and correlation characteristics.The real data example shows that our results are consistent with the actual situation.
The automatic identification and localization of micro seismic effective events is the key of micro seismic real-time monitoring.The accuracy of automatic picking micro seismic effective events has a great impact on source location.Based on discussion about the STA/LTA method,the paper proposes a method for automatic identification and localization of micro seismic effective events.We first discuss eigenvalue analysis methods to enhance the noise immunity.Considering both the mutual location of multi-channel detectors and the correlation in space of signals,and according to the propagation characteristics of P and S waves,we can find a variation law of micro seismic signals between adjacent-channels,which is used to automatically identify micro seismic signals on the multi-channel detectors.After leveling first arrivals,we use component track scanning stack to automatically identify and localize micro seismic effective events by stack energy and correlation characteristics.The real data example shows that our results are consistent with the actual situation.
引文
[1]梁兵,朱广生.油气田勘探开发中的微地震监测方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[2]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008
[3]Maxwell S C,Urbancic T I.The role of passive mi-croseismic monitoring in the instrumented oil field.The Leading Edge,2001,20(6):636～639
[4]Warpinski N R,Branagan P T,Peterson R E et al.Mapping hydraulic fracture growth and geometry u-sing microseismic events detected by a wireline re-trievable accelerometer array.Proceeding SPE GasTechnology Symposium,1998,34(3):23～29
[5]Rutledge J T,Phillips W S,Mayerhofer M J.Faultinginduced by forced fluid injection and fluid flow forcedby faulting:An interpretation of hydraulic-fracturemicroseismicity,Carthage Cotton Valley Gas Field.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1817～1830
[6]Chen Zuolin.A multi-window algorithm for automa-tic picking of microseismic event on 3-C data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1288～1291
[7]刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩等.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别.地震学报,2009,31(3):260～271Liu Xiqiang,Zhou Yanwen,Qu Junhao et al.Applica-tion of single stage vertical recording of regional seis-mic event detection and direct P wave first motionrecognition.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,31(3):260～271
[8]Erick Baziw,Bohdan Nedilko,Iain Weir-Jones.Mi-croseismic event detection Kalman filter:Derivation ofthe noise covariance matrix and cutomated first breakdetermination for accurate source location estimation.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2004,161(2):303～329
[9]Ulrich Zimmer.Location of microseismic event usingheadwaves and derect waves.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:2196～2200
[10]Aster R C and Scott J.Comprehensive characteriza-tion of waveform similarity in microearthquake datasets.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of Ame-rica,1993,83(4):1307～1314
[11]宋维琪,何欣,吕世超.应用卡尔曼滤波识别微地震信号.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):34～38Song Weiqi,He Xin,Lv Shichao.Application of Kal-man filter identifying micro seismic signals.OGP,2009,44(Sup 1):34～38
[12]Menke W.Using waveform similarity to constrainearthquake location.Bulletin of the SeimologicalSociety of America,1999,89(4):1143～1146
[13]Lummerow J.Using the value of the crosscorrelationcoefficient to locate microseismic events.Geophysics,2010,75(4):MA47～MA52
[14]Menke W,Lerner-Lam A,Dubendroff B et al.Polari-zation and coherence of 5～30Hz seismic wave field ata hard rock site and their relevance to velocity hetero-geneities on the crust.Bulletin of the SeimologicalSociety of America,1990,80(2):430～449
[15]加尔彼林E I.垂直地震剖面.北京:石油工业出版社,1983
[16]宋维琪,刘军,陈伟.改进射线追踪算法的微震源反演.物探与化探,2008,32(3):274～278Song Weiqi,Liu Jun,Chen Wei.Improved ray tracingalgorithm of microearthquake source inversion.Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(3):274～278
[2]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008
[3]Maxwell S C,Urbancic T I.The role of passive mi-croseismic monitoring in the instrumented oil field.The Leading Edge,2001,20(6):636～639
[4]Warpinski N R,Branagan P T,Peterson R E et al.Mapping hydraulic fracture growth and geometry u-sing microseismic events detected by a wireline re-trievable accelerometer array.Proceeding SPE GasTechnology Symposium,1998,34(3):23～29
[5]Rutledge J T,Phillips W S,Mayerhofer M J.Faultinginduced by forced fluid injection and fluid flow forcedby faulting:An interpretation of hydraulic-fracturemicroseismicity,Carthage Cotton Valley Gas Field.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(5):1817～1830
[6]Chen Zuolin.A multi-window algorithm for automa-tic picking of microseismic event on 3-C data.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1288～1291
[7]刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩等.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别.地震学报,2009,31(3):260～271Liu Xiqiang,Zhou Yanwen,Qu Junhao et al.Applica-tion of single stage vertical recording of regional seis-mic event detection and direct P wave first motionrecognition.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,31(3):260～271
[8]Erick Baziw,Bohdan Nedilko,Iain Weir-Jones.Mi-croseismic event detection Kalman filter:Derivation ofthe noise covariance matrix and cutomated first breakdetermination for accurate source location estimation.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2004,161(2):303～329
[9]Ulrich Zimmer.Location of microseismic event usingheadwaves and derect waves.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:2196～2200
[10]Aster R C and Scott J.Comprehensive characteriza-tion of waveform similarity in microearthquake datasets.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of Ame-rica,1993,83(4):1307～1314
[11]宋维琪,何欣,吕世超.应用卡尔曼滤波识别微地震信号.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):34～38Song Weiqi,He Xin,Lv Shichao.Application of Kal-man filter identifying micro seismic signals.OGP,2009,44(Sup 1):34～38
[12]Menke W.Using waveform similarity to constrainearthquake location.Bulletin of the SeimologicalSociety of America,1999,89(4):1143～1146
[13]Lummerow J.Using the value of the crosscorrelationcoefficient to locate microseismic events.Geophysics,2010,75(4):MA47～MA52
[14]Menke W,Lerner-Lam A,Dubendroff B et al.Polari-zation and coherence of 5～30Hz seismic wave field ata hard rock site and their relevance to velocity hetero-geneities on the crust.Bulletin of the SeimologicalSociety of America,1990,80(2):430～449
[15]加尔彼林E I.垂直地震剖面.北京:石油工业出版社,1983
[16]宋维琪,刘军,陈伟.改进射线追踪算法的微震源反演.物探与化探,2008,32(3):274～278Song Weiqi,Liu Jun,Chen Wei.Improved ray tracingalgorithm of microearthquake source inversion.Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(3):274～278
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心