地震荷载对滑坡稳定性的影响评估——以甘肃舟曲南桥滑坡为例
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摘要
通过实现Druker-Prager屈服准则与Mohr-Coulomb理论等效原则,采用ANSYS软件模拟,分别就自重和暴雨状态下施加地震荷载构成不同工况组合,分析评价了地震荷载对甘肃舟曲南桥滑坡稳定性的影响.以有限元强度折减法为基础,分别在不同地震设防烈度等级下,通过改变折减系数计算水平位移最大值和塑性区应变最大值,以出现突变点、计算不收敛和塑性区贯通来判别土体破坏,得到不同地震设防烈度下滑坡稳定系数.结果表明:在自重+地震与暴雨+地震工况条件下,稳定系数差值为0.25～0.32,为2种工况的相互校核和理论推算提供了参考.有限元强度折减法与极限平衡法的对比分析表明,二者误差以小于5%为主,考虑地震工况比不考虑地震工况的滑坡稳定系数下降13%～16%,进一步验证了数值模拟计算的精准度和可靠性以及滑坡治理中抗震设防的重要性.计算结果符合实际,在科研和实际设计中值得推广.
Based on the equivalent of Druker-Prager(abbreviated DP) yield criterion and the Mohr-Coulomb(abbreviated MC) theory,by the simulation of ANSYS software,the influences of earthquake on the stability of landslide in Nanqiao village under the conditions of its weight and rainstorm respectively were estimated.The results show that on the different intensity level of seismic fortification by changing the reduction factor to calculate the maximum of the horizontal displacement and plastic strain.To distinguish the destruction of landslide based on the abrupt point occurs and the calculation does not converge and the plastic zone penetration.So the landslide stability factor of different seismic fortification intensity had been obtained.Under the condition of weight add earthquake and rainstorm add earthquake,the discrepancy of the stability factors is between 0.25 and 0.32,which offered the possible for the mutual verification and theoretical calculations of the two conditions.The comparative analysis of the Finite Element Strength Reduction and the Limit Equilibrium Method showed that the errors of less than 5% are primary,when considering earthquake the stability coefficient of landslide will decrease by 13% to 16%.And the accuracy and reliability of numerical simulation were verified further.The result of calculation is consistent with the actual results.So this research should be promoted in scientific research and the actual design.
Based on the equivalent of Druker-Prager(abbreviated DP) yield criterion and the Mohr-Coulomb(abbreviated MC) theory,by the simulation of ANSYS software,the influences of earthquake on the stability of landslide in Nanqiao village under the conditions of its weight and rainstorm respectively were estimated.The results show that on the different intensity level of seismic fortification by changing the reduction factor to calculate the maximum of the horizontal displacement and plastic strain.To distinguish the destruction of landslide based on the abrupt point occurs and the calculation does not converge and the plastic zone penetration.So the landslide stability factor of different seismic fortification intensity had been obtained.Under the condition of weight add earthquake and rainstorm add earthquake,the discrepancy of the stability factors is between 0.25 and 0.32,which offered the possible for the mutual verification and theoretical calculations of the two conditions.The comparative analysis of the Finite Element Strength Reduction and the Limit Equilibrium Method showed that the errors of less than 5% are primary,when considering earthquake the stability coefficient of landslide will decrease by 13% to 16%.And the accuracy and reliability of numerical simulation were verified further.The result of calculation is consistent with the actual results.So this research should be promoted in scientific research and the actual design.
引文
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[13]LüQing,Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan.Slope failure criteriaof shear strength reduction finite element method[J].Journalof Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2008,42(1):83-85.[吕庆,孙红月,尚岳全.强度折减有限元法中边坡失稳判据的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2008,42(1):83-85.]
[14]Huang Xiangui,Chen Zhihua,Wang Bin.Application of stren-gth reduction finite element method to slope stability assess-ment at Beimengou site[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):666-669.[黄显贵,陈植华,汪斌.有限元强度折减系数法在北门沟坡滑坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):666-669.]
[15]Zheng Yingren,Kong Liang.Geotechnical Plastic Mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010:70-77.[郑颖人,孔亮.岩土塑性力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:70-77.]
[16]Xiong Huan,Xiao Shengxie.Calculation method of slope sta-bility safety factor based on the Drucker-Prager criterion[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2010,29(4):582-586.[熊欢,肖盛燮.基于Drucker-Prager系列准则的边坡安全系数计算方法[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(4):582-586.]
[17]Zhao Cheng,Zhang Yongjun,Zhao Yuhong.Application ofthe Hierarchical analytical methods to evaluating geologicalhazard tendency in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Glaciologyand Geocryology,2009,31(1):182-188.[赵成,张永军,赵玉红.层次分析法在甘肃省地质灾害易发性评价中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):182-188.]
[18]Wu Hong,Dong Jinyi,Li Ruidong et al.Application of 3DVi-sualization Technology to Debris Flow Control Engineering ofPost-Disaster Reconstruction in Zhouqu County[J].Journal ofGlaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(2):383-388.[吴宏,董金义,李瑞冬,等.三维可视化技术在舟曲县城区灾后重建泥石流防治工程中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(2):383-388.]
[19]Zhang Zhixian,Zhang Qiang,Tao Jichun,et al.Climatic andgeological environmental characteristics of the exceptional deb-ris flow outburst in Zhouqu,Gansu Province,on 8 August,2010[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(4):898-905.[张之贤,张强,陶际春,等.2010年“8.8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害形成的气候特征及地质地理环境分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):898-905.]
[20]Jiao Yun,Yao Zhengxue,Dong Yaogang.Nanqiao Landslidestability and countermeasures in zhouqu[J].Gansu Geology,2011,21(1):59-63.[焦斌贝,姚正学,董耀刚.舟曲南桥滑坡稳定性分析及治理对策研究[J].甘肃地质,2011,21(1):59-63.]
[21]Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China.Codefor Seismic Design of Railway Engineering(GB50111-2006)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2009:16-18.[中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程抗震设计规范GB50111-2006(2009年版)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009:16-18.]
[22]Li Haiguang.New Retaining Structure Design and EngineeringPractices[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010:33-35.[李海光.新型支挡结构设计与工程实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:33-35.]
[23]Wen Duwu,Xie Wanli,Liu Qiang,et al.Analyze the high lo-ess slope excavation and unloading stability based on ANSYS[J].Groundwater,2012,34(3):190-191.[温笃武,谢婉丽,刘强,等.基于ANSYS的黄土高边坡开挖卸荷稳定性分析[J].地下水,2012,34(3):190-191.]
[2]Shi Shirong,Chen Linjie,Yu Chao.Slope stability analysis inhigh-intensity earthquake zone by strength reduction method[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Sci-ence),2011,30(2):273-276.[史石荣,陈林杰,余超.基于强度折减法的高烈度地震区边坡稳定性分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(2):273-276.]
[3]Hou Chaoqun,Wang Xiaomou,Shi Hengjun.Impact analysisof earthquake on the slope stability[J].Subgrade Engineer-ing,2008,141(6):187-188.[侯超群,王晓谋,石恒俊.地震对边坡稳定性影响分析[J].路基工程,2008,141(6):187-188.]
[4]Li Yuanxiong,Yan Echuan,Yang Biao.Analysis on dynamicstability of soil slope under seimic action[J].Subgrade Engi-neering,2010,149(2):32-34.[李元雄,晏鄂川,杨彪.地震作用下土质边坡动力稳定性分析[J].路基工程,2010,149(2):32-34.]
[5]Fan Zhaoping,Zhang Lihua.Analysis on slope stability duringearthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2010,32(4):339-342.[范昭平,张丽华.地震作用下边坡稳定性分析[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(4):339-342.]
[6]Qi Yuan,Liu Yong,Yang Zhenghua,et al.GIS-based analysisof landslide and debris flow hazard in Lanzhou[J].Journal ofGlaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(1):96-104.[祁元,刘勇,杨正华,等.基于GIS的兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):96-104.]
[7]Bai Xiaohua,Feng Weihui.Monitoring debris flow by meansof satellite Image[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(2):176-179.[白晓华,冯文辉.利用TM卫星数据监测泥石流[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(2):176-179.]
[8]Wang Xianjun,Chen Mingxiang,Chang Xiaolin,et al.Stud-ies of application of Drucker-Prager yield criteria to stability a-nalysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3733-3736.[王先军,陈明祥,常晓林,等.Drucker-Prager系列屈服准则在稳定分析中的应用研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3733-3736.]
[9]Deng Chujian,He Guojie,Zheng Yingren.Studies on Drucker-Prager yield criterions based on M-C yield criterion and appli-cation in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2006,28(6):735-739.[邓楚键,何国杰,郑颖人.基于M-C准则的D-P系列准则在岩土工程中的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(6):735-739.]
[10]Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application of strength reduc-tion fem in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381-3386.[郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381-3386.]
[11]Zhong Caigen,Zhang Bin.Transformation of slope safety fac-tor based on different Drucker-Prager criteria[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2011,32(12):3751-3754.[钟才根,张斌.采用不同Drucker-Prager屈服准则得到的边坡安全系数的转换[J].岩土力学,2011,32(12):3751-3754.]
[12]Zheng Yingren,Chen Zuyu,Wang Gongxian,et al.Engineer-ing Treatment of Slope and Landslide[M].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2007:194-209.[郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,等.边坡与滑坡工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007:194-209.]
[13]LüQing,Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan.Slope failure criteriaof shear strength reduction finite element method[J].Journalof Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2008,42(1):83-85.[吕庆,孙红月,尚岳全.强度折减有限元法中边坡失稳判据的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2008,42(1):83-85.]
[14]Huang Xiangui,Chen Zhihua,Wang Bin.Application of stren-gth reduction finite element method to slope stability assess-ment at Beimengou site[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):666-669.[黄显贵,陈植华,汪斌.有限元强度折减系数法在北门沟坡滑坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):666-669.]
[15]Zheng Yingren,Kong Liang.Geotechnical Plastic Mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010:70-77.[郑颖人,孔亮.岩土塑性力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:70-77.]
[16]Xiong Huan,Xiao Shengxie.Calculation method of slope sta-bility safety factor based on the Drucker-Prager criterion[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2010,29(4):582-586.[熊欢,肖盛燮.基于Drucker-Prager系列准则的边坡安全系数计算方法[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(4):582-586.]
[17]Zhao Cheng,Zhang Yongjun,Zhao Yuhong.Application ofthe Hierarchical analytical methods to evaluating geologicalhazard tendency in Gansu Province[J].Journal of Glaciologyand Geocryology,2009,31(1):182-188.[赵成,张永军,赵玉红.层次分析法在甘肃省地质灾害易发性评价中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):182-188.]
[18]Wu Hong,Dong Jinyi,Li Ruidong et al.Application of 3DVi-sualization Technology to Debris Flow Control Engineering ofPost-Disaster Reconstruction in Zhouqu County[J].Journal ofGlaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(2):383-388.[吴宏,董金义,李瑞冬,等.三维可视化技术在舟曲县城区灾后重建泥石流防治工程中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(2):383-388.]
[19]Zhang Zhixian,Zhang Qiang,Tao Jichun,et al.Climatic andgeological environmental characteristics of the exceptional deb-ris flow outburst in Zhouqu,Gansu Province,on 8 August,2010[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(4):898-905.[张之贤,张强,陶际春,等.2010年“8.8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害形成的气候特征及地质地理环境分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):898-905.]
[20]Jiao Yun,Yao Zhengxue,Dong Yaogang.Nanqiao Landslidestability and countermeasures in zhouqu[J].Gansu Geology,2011,21(1):59-63.[焦斌贝,姚正学,董耀刚.舟曲南桥滑坡稳定性分析及治理对策研究[J].甘肃地质,2011,21(1):59-63.]
[21]Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China.Codefor Seismic Design of Railway Engineering(GB50111-2006)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2009:16-18.[中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程抗震设计规范GB50111-2006(2009年版)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009:16-18.]
[22]Li Haiguang.New Retaining Structure Design and EngineeringPractices[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2010:33-35.[李海光.新型支挡结构设计与工程实例[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:33-35.]
[23]Wen Duwu,Xie Wanli,Liu Qiang,et al.Analyze the high lo-ess slope excavation and unloading stability based on ANSYS[J].Groundwater,2012,34(3):190-191.[温笃武,谢婉丽,刘强,等.基于ANSYS的黄土高边坡开挖卸荷稳定性分析[J].地下水,2012,34(3):190-191.]
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