地震触发、震群与余震活动过程中的孔隙压力作用
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摘要
地壳流体的孔隙压力作用是地震触发和影响震群与余震活动的重要因素之一。文章阐述了与孔隙压力变化有关的地震触发过程;讨论了震群或余震活动过程中的线性和非线性孔隙压力扩散机制;分类总结了震群、注水诱发地震、水库诱发地震、火山地震和余震的时空分布及其孔隙压扩散系数。重点讨论了孔隙压力在汶川地震和余震活动过程中的作用,并对孔隙压扩散系数的物理意义进行了分析,最后总结了该类研究中存在的主要问题和发展趋势。对该领域研究成果的综合分析,将有助于我们进一步理解地震触发、震群和余震活动过程的机制,对深入分析流体在地震孕育、发生过程中的作用具有重要意义。
Pore pressure of fluid in earth's crust is one of the key roles in earthquake triggering and process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks.This paper reviews different mechanics of earthquake triggering when pore pressure elevate and decline,discuss the linear pore pressure diffusion and non-linear pore pressure diffusion which related to the dynamic process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks.By applying pore pressure diffusion mechanism we analyzed typical spatiotemporal characteristics of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks sequences.We summarized the dynamic process and hydraulic diffusivities of swarm earthquakes,fluid-injection induced seismicity,reservoir induced seismicity,volcano seismicity and aftershocks.We discuss the role of pore pressure in Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake and aftershocks,and physical meaning of hydraulic diffusivity.Finally existing problems and works need doing in the future have been presented.Comprehensive analysis in this field will help us to deepen analysis of dynamic mechanism of earthquake triggering and process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks,it is meaningful to understand the role of fluid in earthquake preparation.
Pore pressure of fluid in earth's crust is one of the key roles in earthquake triggering and process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks.This paper reviews different mechanics of earthquake triggering when pore pressure elevate and decline,discuss the linear pore pressure diffusion and non-linear pore pressure diffusion which related to the dynamic process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks.By applying pore pressure diffusion mechanism we analyzed typical spatiotemporal characteristics of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks sequences.We summarized the dynamic process and hydraulic diffusivities of swarm earthquakes,fluid-injection induced seismicity,reservoir induced seismicity,volcano seismicity and aftershocks.We discuss the role of pore pressure in Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake and aftershocks,and physical meaning of hydraulic diffusivity.Finally existing problems and works need doing in the future have been presented.Comprehensive analysis in this field will help us to deepen analysis of dynamic mechanism of earthquake triggering and process of swarm earthquakes and aftershocks,it is meaningful to understand the role of fluid in earthquake preparation.
引文
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[21]Wu,F T,Blatter L,Roberson H.Clay gouges in the San Andreas fault system and their possible implications[J].PAGEOPH,1975,113:87-95.
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[24]Toro,G.D.,Han R.,Hirose T,et al.Fault lubrication during earthquakes[J].Nature,2011,471:494-498.
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[28]Segall P.Jean-Robert Grasso,Antony Mossop.Poroelastic stressing and induced seismicity near the Lacq gas field,southwestern France[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,199499(B8):15,423-15,438.
[29]Zoback M D,ZIinke J C.Production-induced Normal Faulting in the Valhall and Ekofisk Oil Fields[J].PAGEOPH,2002,159:403-420.
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[37]Shapiro S A,Dinske C.Scaling of seismicity induced by nonlinear fluid-rock interaction[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009,114:B09307.
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