广角地震波场特征分析
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摘要
地震宽角反射/折射方法主要是利用壳内与上地幔顶层的广角反射信息重建地壳上地幔结构,是研究地壳上地幔结构构造最有效的方法之一.同时,宽角地震接收到的超临界角的广角反射信息,相对于临界角之内的反射信息必定存在着随偏移距变化的时移现象.本文通过构建地壳模型采用交错网格有限差分方法合成广角地震记录,并从理论地震图上分别用传统射线方法和考虑时移影响的方法标定了震相走时,分析了广角反射的地震波场特征,揭示了地震资料中的广角效应,继而分析了广角信息存在对接收波场的响应影响.
The seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction method is the one of the most effective methods for probing the crustal and upper mantle structure.It mainly uses the wide-angle reflection information from the boundary in the crust and the top boundary of the upper mantle to reconstruct the crust and upper mantle structure.At the same time,we think relative to the pre-critical angle reflection information the post critical angle reflection information that received by wide-angle seismic data exits a time shift effect with the offset variation,and then it must cause the error for velocity analysis and structure image.we studied the features of the wide-angle seismic wave field through building the crust model to know the wide-angle influence on crust velocity image,through building crust model,we labeled the travel time for all the phases by ray tracing method and remove wide-angle effects method,it revealed the wide-angle effect exists in the seismic data.
The seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction method is the one of the most effective methods for probing the crustal and upper mantle structure.It mainly uses the wide-angle reflection information from the boundary in the crust and the top boundary of the upper mantle to reconstruct the crust and upper mantle structure.At the same time,we think relative to the pre-critical angle reflection information the post critical angle reflection information that received by wide-angle seismic data exits a time shift effect with the offset variation,and then it must cause the error for velocity analysis and structure image.we studied the features of the wide-angle seismic wave field through building the crust model to know the wide-angle influence on crust velocity image,through building crust model,we labeled the travel time for all the phases by ray tracing method and remove wide-angle effects method,it revealed the wide-angle effect exists in the seismic data.
引文
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[21]王志,贺振华,黄德济,等.广角反射波场特征研究及正演模拟分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):116-121.Wang Z,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The wave field featuresresearching of wide angle reflection and the analyzing offorward modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(1):116-121.
[22]白志明,王椿镛.云南地区上部地壳结构和地震构造环境的层析成像研究[J].地震学报,2003,25(2):117-127.Bai Z M,Wang C Y.Tomographic investigation of the uppercrustal structure and seismotectonic environments in YunnanProvince[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(2):117-127.
[23]张中杰,秦义龙,陈赟,等.由宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性剖面[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):469-474.Zhang Z J,Qin Y L,Chen Y,et al.Reconstruction of thesemblance section for the crust and mantle reflection structureby wide-angle reflection seismic data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):469-474.
[24]张中杰,白志明,王椿镛,等.冈瓦纳型和扬子型地块地壳结构:以滇西孟连-马龙宽角反射剖面为例[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),2005,34(5):387-392.Zhang Z J,Bai Z M,Wang C Y,et al.Crustal structure ofGondwana and Yangtze blocks:An example by wide angleseismic reflection profiling between Menglian and Malong[J].Science in China(Serial D),2005,48(11):1828-1836.
[25]张中杰,白志明,王椿镛,等.三江地区地壳结构及动力学意义:云南遮放-宾川地震反射/折射剖面的启示[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),2005,35(4):314-319.Zhang Z J,Bai Z M,Wang C Y,et al.The crustal structureunder Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed byseismic reflection/refraction profiling between Zhefang andBinchuan,Yunnan[J].Science in China(Series D),2005,48(9):1329-1336.
[26]Zhang Z J,Klemperer S L.West-east variation in crustalthickness in northern Lhasa block,central Tibet,from deepseismic sounding data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110(B9),doi:10.1029/2004JB003139.
[27]Zhang Z,Jose B,Li Y,et al.Crust-upper mantle seismicvelocity structure across Southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,2005,395(1-2):137-157.
[28]李可恩,熊晓军,杨俊.高速屏蔽层下地震数据的采集[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):527-531.Li K E,Xiong X J,Yang J.Seismic acquisition analysis inthe area of high velocity shielding layers[J].Natural GasGeoscience(in Chinese),2006,17(4):527-531.
[29]李智宏,胡中平,王辉明,等.含高速层地震物理模型的广角地震波场研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):345-348.Li Z H,Hu Z P,Wang H M,et al.Investigation of WARRPseismic wavefield on physical model with a high velocity layer[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,28(5):345-348.
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[2]Navin D A,Peirce C.The RAMESSES experiment-II.Evidencefor accumulated melt beneath a slow spreading ridge fromwide-angle refraction and multichannel reflection seismicprofiles[J].Geophysical Journal International(in Chinese),1998,135(3):746-772.
[3]Chen J F,John B M.Crustal evolution of southeastern China:Nd and Sr isotopic evidence[J].Tectonophysics,1998,284(1-2):101-133.
[4]Fliedner M M,White R S.Using wide-angle seismic data forbasalt and sub-basalt imaging[J].69th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1999:985-988.
[5]Bleibinhaus F,Bruckl E.ALP2002 Working Group,Wide-angle observations of ALP 2002shots on the TRANSALPprofile:Linking the two DSS projects[J].Tectonophysics,2006,414:71-78.?
[6]Fruehn J,Fliedner M M,White R S.Integrated wide-angleand near-vertical subbasalt study using large-aperture seismicdata from the Faeroe-Shetland region[J].Geophysics,2001,66(5):1340-1348.
[7]Grad M,Jensen S L,Keller G R,et al.Crustal structure ofthe Trans-European suture zone region along POLONAISE 97seismic profile P4[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B11):2541,doi:10.1029/2003JB002426.
[8]Hobro J W,Singh D,Minshull S C.Three-dimensional tomographicinversion of combined reflection and refraction seismic data[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2003,152(1):79-93.
[9]滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔精细结构探测十条第一剖面和其作用与科学意义[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1341-1354.Teng J W.Ten profiles of artificial-seismic sounding to finestructure of crust and upper mantle in Chinese mainland:Thefirst profiles and its scientific implications[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1341-1354.
[10]阮爱国,牛雄伟,丘学林,等.穿越南沙礼乐滩的海底地震仪广角地震试验[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3139-3149.Ruan A G,Niu X W,Qiu X L,et al.A wide angle oceanbottom seismometer profile across Liyue bank,the southernmargin of South China Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(12):3139-3149.
[11]任枭,徐志国,杨辉,等.鄂尔多斯地块东南缘地带Moho深度变化特征研究[J].地球物理学报.2012,55(12):4089-4096.Ren X,Xu Z G,Yang H,et al.Moho depth distributioncharacter beneath the Ordos block’s southeastern marginareas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(12):4089-4096.
[12]王晨阳,黄金莉.应用接收函数方法研究海南及其邻区地幔转换带结构[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1161-1167.Wang C Y,Huang J L.Mantle transition zone structurearound Hainan by receiver function analysis[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1161-1167.
[13]滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋,等.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征[J].地球物理学报,1983,26(6):525-540.Teng J W,Xiong S B,Yin Z X,et al.Structure of the crustand upper mantle pattern and velocity distributionalcharacteristics at northern region of the HimalayanMountains[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1983,26(6):525-540.
[14]滕吉文,尹周勋,熊绍柏.西藏高原北部地区色林错-蓬错-那曲-索县地带地壳结构与速度分布[J].地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊I):28-42.Teng J W,Yin Z X,Xiong S B.Crustal structure andvelocity distribution beneath the Serlin Co-peng Co-naqu-suocounty region in the northern Xizang(Tibet)plateau[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1985,28(S1):28-42.
[15]熊绍柏,滕吉文,尹周勋.西藏高原地区的地壳厚度和莫氏面的起伏[J].地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊I):16-27.Xiong S B,Teng J W,Yin Z X.Undulation of Mohointerface and density anomaly of upper mantle under thehimalayas and vicinity[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1985,28(S1):16-27.
[16]熊绍柏,滕吉文,尹周勋,等.攀西构造带南部地壳与上地幔结构的爆炸地震研究[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(3):235-245.Teng J W,Yin Z X,Xiong S B,et al.Explosionseismological study of the structure of the crust and uppermantle at southern part of the Panxi tectonic belt[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,29(3):235-245.
[17]崔作舟,卢德源,陈纪平,等.攀西地区的深部地壳结构与构造[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(6):566-580.Cui Z Z,Lu D Y,Chen J P,et al.The deep structural andtectonic features of the crust in Panxi area[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(6):566-580.
[18]卢德源,陈纪平.青藏高原北部沱沱河-格尔木一带地壳深部结构[J].地质评论,1987,33(2):122-128.Lu D Y,Chen J P.Deep-crustal structures in the tuotuoriver-golmud region in the northern part of the qinghai-xizang(tibet)plateau[J].Geological Review(in Chinese),1987,33(2):122-128.
[19]王椿镛,郑金涵,胡鸿翔,等.大别造山带的地壳结构研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(3):221-226.Wang C Y,Zheng J H,Hu H X,et al.Study on crustalstructure of Dabie organic[J].Science in China(Ser.D)(inChinese),1997,27(3):221-226.
[20]孙建国.广角地震在碳酸盐岩地区勘探中的应用[C].//反射地震学论文集[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2000:127-140.Sun J G.The application on wide-angle seismic in the barecarbonate rock area[C].//Essay Collection on ReflectionSeismography(in Chinese)[M].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity Press,2000:127-140.
[21]王志,贺振华,黄德济,等.广角反射波场特征研究及正演模拟分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):116-121.Wang Z,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.The wave field featuresresearching of wide angle reflection and the analyzing offorward modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(1):116-121.
[22]白志明,王椿镛.云南地区上部地壳结构和地震构造环境的层析成像研究[J].地震学报,2003,25(2):117-127.Bai Z M,Wang C Y.Tomographic investigation of the uppercrustal structure and seismotectonic environments in YunnanProvince[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(2):117-127.
[23]张中杰,秦义龙,陈赟,等.由宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性剖面[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):469-474.Zhang Z J,Qin Y L,Chen Y,et al.Reconstruction of thesemblance section for the crust and mantle reflection structureby wide-angle reflection seismic data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):469-474.
[24]张中杰,白志明,王椿镛,等.冈瓦纳型和扬子型地块地壳结构:以滇西孟连-马龙宽角反射剖面为例[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),2005,34(5):387-392.Zhang Z J,Bai Z M,Wang C Y,et al.Crustal structure ofGondwana and Yangtze blocks:An example by wide angleseismic reflection profiling between Menglian and Malong[J].Science in China(Serial D),2005,48(11):1828-1836.
[25]张中杰,白志明,王椿镛,等.三江地区地壳结构及动力学意义:云南遮放-宾川地震反射/折射剖面的启示[J].中国科学D辑(地球科学),2005,35(4):314-319.Zhang Z J,Bai Z M,Wang C Y,et al.The crustal structureunder Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed byseismic reflection/refraction profiling between Zhefang andBinchuan,Yunnan[J].Science in China(Series D),2005,48(9):1329-1336.
[26]Zhang Z J,Klemperer S L.West-east variation in crustalthickness in northern Lhasa block,central Tibet,from deepseismic sounding data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110(B9),doi:10.1029/2004JB003139.
[27]Zhang Z,Jose B,Li Y,et al.Crust-upper mantle seismicvelocity structure across Southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,2005,395(1-2):137-157.
[28]李可恩,熊晓军,杨俊.高速屏蔽层下地震数据的采集[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):527-531.Li K E,Xiong X J,Yang J.Seismic acquisition analysis inthe area of high velocity shielding layers[J].Natural GasGeoscience(in Chinese),2006,17(4):527-531.
[29]李智宏,胡中平,王辉明,等.含高速层地震物理模型的广角地震波场研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):345-348.Li Z H,Hu Z P,Wang H M,et al.Investigation of WARRPseismic wavefield on physical model with a high velocity layer[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,28(5):345-348.
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