基于GIS的水库诱发地震成因分析
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摘要
水库地震由于其发生位置和破坏作用的特殊性,已引起各国对该问题研究的重视。水库地震不同于一般天然地震,具有震源浅,震级低的特点,目前已知的最大水库地震震级为1967年印度柯依那水库6.5级地震。在广泛收集国内外水库地震资料的基础上,分析了区域地震活动背景对水库诱发地震的影响,并对水库坝高、库容、库区岩性等因素与诱发地震之间的关系进行了统计分析。初步的研究结果认为:库区的地质构造和水文地质条件对水库地震的影响大于区域断裂背景及区域地震活动背景的影响,水库规模与诱发地震之间具有一定关系,坝高>50m,库容超过50亿m3的水库诱发地震的概率较大;同时,处于灰岩、碳酸岩、岩溶发育地区的水库诱发地震的概率要大,构造复杂、节理发育等造成渗透条件好的库区也易诱发地震。
Earthquakes induced by reservoirs always cause more serious damage to reservoir dam due to its epicenter location and destroying effect.Reservoir induced earthquakes have different characteristics from the natural ones,their hypocenters are always shallow,less than ten kilometers,and the magnitude is small too.Till now the biggest earthquake induced by reservoir is the MS6.1 earthquake in Xinfengjiang reservoir in 1962.The paper analyzes the effects of different factors related to reservoir induced earthquake based on GIS technology and lots of reservoir induced earthquakes data from the world.The primary results show that reservoir's local geological and hydrogeological settings have closer relations with induced earthquake than regional geological and seismic activity setting does.The reservoirs with dams higher than 50m or reservoir volume greater than 5×1010 m3 are prone to induced earthquake.Moreover,the reservoir region,where limestone,carbonatite,karst landform,or joints and high permeable structure are developed,will have a higher probability to induce earthquake.
Earthquakes induced by reservoirs always cause more serious damage to reservoir dam due to its epicenter location and destroying effect.Reservoir induced earthquakes have different characteristics from the natural ones,their hypocenters are always shallow,less than ten kilometers,and the magnitude is small too.Till now the biggest earthquake induced by reservoir is the MS6.1 earthquake in Xinfengjiang reservoir in 1962.The paper analyzes the effects of different factors related to reservoir induced earthquake based on GIS technology and lots of reservoir induced earthquakes data from the world.The primary results show that reservoir's local geological and hydrogeological settings have closer relations with induced earthquake than regional geological and seismic activity setting does.The reservoirs with dams higher than 50m or reservoir volume greater than 5×1010 m3 are prone to induced earthquake.Moreover,the reservoir region,where limestone,carbonatite,karst landform,or joints and high permeable structure are developed,will have a higher probability to induce earthquake.
引文
①胡毓良,胡平等,1990,长江三峡水库诱发地震的研究(工作报告)。
①胡毓良,胡平等,1990,长江三峡水库诱发地震的研究(工作报告)。
陈翰林,赵翠萍,修济刚,等.2009.龙滩水库地震精定位及活动特征研究[J].地球物理学报,52(8):2035—2043.CHEN Han-lin,ZHAO Cui-ping,XIU Ji-gang,et al.2009.Study on precise relocation of Longtan reservoir earthquakesand its seismic activity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(8):2035—2043(in Chinese).
陈晓利,王喆,马文涛.2009.水库诱发地震震例及背景数据库的设计与研制[J].地震地质,31(4):758—791.CHEN Xiao-li,WANG Zhe,MA Wen-tao.2009.Design of a database management system of reservoir induced earth-quakes and related geological data[J].Seismology and geology,31(4):758—791(in Chinese).
邓起东主编.2007.中国活动构造图[Z].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong chief editor.2007.Active tectonics in China[Z].Seismolgical Press,Beijng(in Chinese).
丁原章.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.Reservoir-induced Earthquakes[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
丁原章.1989.中国的水库诱发地震[J].华南地震,9(1):63—72.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.The reservoir-induced earthquakes in China[J].South China Seismological Journal,9(1):63—72(in Chinese).
杜运连,王洪涛,袁丽文.2008.中国水库诱发地震研究[J].地震,28(10):39—51.DUYun-Lian,WANG Hong-tao,YUANLi-wen.2008.Analysis and research of China reservoir induced seismicity[J].Earthquake,28(10):39—51(in Chinese).
光耀华.1990.大化水库地震分析[J].华南地震,10(4):71—75.GUANG Yao-hua.1990.An analysis of reservoir earthquake in Dahua[J].South China Seismological Journal,10(4):71—75(in Chinese).
郭杰,刘启芬,高强.1993.对龙羊峡水库发生诱发地震可能性的探讨[J].地震研究,16(1):60—66.GUO Jie,LIUQi-fen,GAO Qiang.1993.The possibility of induced earthquake in Longyangxia Reservoir[J].Journal ofSeismological research,16(1):60—66(in Chinese).
胡毓良,陈献程.1979.中国水库地震及其有关成因问题的讨论[J].地震地质,1(4):45—57.HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1979.Discussion of related problems of reservoir-induced earthquakes in China[J].Seismology and Geology,1(4):45—57(in Chinese).
李安然,张飞飞,张柯.1992.从新丰江水库地震的环境条件讨论水诱发地震的研究及其预测[J].华南地震,12(3):88—94.LI An-ran,ZHANG Fei-fei,ZHANG Ke.1992.Discussion on the prediction of reservoir-reduced earthquake from theenvironmental condition of Xinfengjiang reservoir earthquake[J].South China Seismological Journal,12(3):88—94(in Chinese).
刘峰.1999.水口水库诱震的环境条件和库区垂直形变特征[J].华南地震,19(4):77—81.LIU Feng.1999.Environmental conditions of induced earthquake and features of vertical deformation in Shuikou Reser-voir region[J].South China Seismological Journal,19(4):77—81(in Chinese).
毛玉平,艾永平,邵德盛,等.2007.水库地震安全问题分析[J].地震研究,30(3):253—259.MAO Yu-ping,AI Yong-ping,SHAO De-sheng,et al.2007.Study on seismic safety of reservoir[J].Journal of Seismo-logical Research,30(3):253—259(in Chinese).
王清云,高士钧.1998.隔河岩水库诱发地震的环境条件[J].地壳形变与地震,18(3):73—79.WANG Qing-yun,GAO Shi-jun.1998.Environmental conditions of induced earthquake in Geheyan reservoir[J].Crus-tal Deformation and Earthquake,18(3):73—79(in Chinese).
魏柏林,刘燕萍,叶秀薇,等.2008.湖南东江水库地震的预测研究[J].华南地震,28(3):31—43.WEI Bo-lin,LIU Yan-ping,YE Xiu-wei,et al.2008.Study on prediction of Hunan Dongjiang reservoir earthquakes[J].South China Journal of seismology,28(3):31—43(in Chinese).
姚运生.2006.“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测”项目成果介绍[J].国际地震动态,(9):67—69.YAO Yun-sheng.2006.Introduction of the program“Monitoring and studies for reservoir-induced earthquakes in theThree Gorge Reservoir”[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,(9):67—69(in Chinese).
杨清源,胡毓良,陈献程,等.1996.国内外水库诱发地震目录[J].地震地质,18(4):453—461.YANG Qing-yuan,HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng,et al.1996.Catalogue of reservoir induced seismic events in theworld[J].Seismology and Geology,18(4):453—461(in Chinese).
中国水利水电科学研究院.2001.《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》[S].北京:中国电力出版社.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research.2001.Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic struc-tures[S].China Power Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
赵珠,龙思胜,罗昭明.1999.四川二滩水库库区蓄水前地震序列揭示的水库诱震结构[J].华南地震,19(1):79—84.ZHAO Zhu,YOU Si-sheng,LUO Zhao-ming.1999.Reservoir induced seismicity structure revealed by the earthquakesequences at Sichuan Ertan reservoir area before filling[J].South China Seismological Journal,19(1):79—84(in Chinese).
周昕,钟羽云,傅建武,等.2006.珊溪水库地震与构造地震波谱时-频特征的对比研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(4):86—91.ZHOU Xin,ZHONG Yu-yun,FU Jian-wu,et al.2006.Contrast of time-frequency characteristics of wave spectrum be-tween Shanxi reservoir induced earthquake and tectonic earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,26(4):86—91(in Chinese).
①胡毓良,胡平等,1990,长江三峡水库诱发地震的研究(工作报告)。
陈翰林,赵翠萍,修济刚,等.2009.龙滩水库地震精定位及活动特征研究[J].地球物理学报,52(8):2035—2043.CHEN Han-lin,ZHAO Cui-ping,XIU Ji-gang,et al.2009.Study on precise relocation of Longtan reservoir earthquakesand its seismic activity[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(8):2035—2043(in Chinese).
陈晓利,王喆,马文涛.2009.水库诱发地震震例及背景数据库的设计与研制[J].地震地质,31(4):758—791.CHEN Xiao-li,WANG Zhe,MA Wen-tao.2009.Design of a database management system of reservoir induced earth-quakes and related geological data[J].Seismology and geology,31(4):758—791(in Chinese).
邓起东主编.2007.中国活动构造图[Z].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong chief editor.2007.Active tectonics in China[Z].Seismolgical Press,Beijng(in Chinese).
丁原章.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.Reservoir-induced Earthquakes[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
丁原章.1989.中国的水库诱发地震[J].华南地震,9(1):63—72.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.The reservoir-induced earthquakes in China[J].South China Seismological Journal,9(1):63—72(in Chinese).
杜运连,王洪涛,袁丽文.2008.中国水库诱发地震研究[J].地震,28(10):39—51.DUYun-Lian,WANG Hong-tao,YUANLi-wen.2008.Analysis and research of China reservoir induced seismicity[J].Earthquake,28(10):39—51(in Chinese).
光耀华.1990.大化水库地震分析[J].华南地震,10(4):71—75.GUANG Yao-hua.1990.An analysis of reservoir earthquake in Dahua[J].South China Seismological Journal,10(4):71—75(in Chinese).
郭杰,刘启芬,高强.1993.对龙羊峡水库发生诱发地震可能性的探讨[J].地震研究,16(1):60—66.GUO Jie,LIUQi-fen,GAO Qiang.1993.The possibility of induced earthquake in Longyangxia Reservoir[J].Journal ofSeismological research,16(1):60—66(in Chinese).
胡毓良,陈献程.1979.中国水库地震及其有关成因问题的讨论[J].地震地质,1(4):45—57.HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1979.Discussion of related problems of reservoir-induced earthquakes in China[J].Seismology and Geology,1(4):45—57(in Chinese).
李安然,张飞飞,张柯.1992.从新丰江水库地震的环境条件讨论水诱发地震的研究及其预测[J].华南地震,12(3):88—94.LI An-ran,ZHANG Fei-fei,ZHANG Ke.1992.Discussion on the prediction of reservoir-reduced earthquake from theenvironmental condition of Xinfengjiang reservoir earthquake[J].South China Seismological Journal,12(3):88—94(in Chinese).
刘峰.1999.水口水库诱震的环境条件和库区垂直形变特征[J].华南地震,19(4):77—81.LIU Feng.1999.Environmental conditions of induced earthquake and features of vertical deformation in Shuikou Reser-voir region[J].South China Seismological Journal,19(4):77—81(in Chinese).
毛玉平,艾永平,邵德盛,等.2007.水库地震安全问题分析[J].地震研究,30(3):253—259.MAO Yu-ping,AI Yong-ping,SHAO De-sheng,et al.2007.Study on seismic safety of reservoir[J].Journal of Seismo-logical Research,30(3):253—259(in Chinese).
王清云,高士钧.1998.隔河岩水库诱发地震的环境条件[J].地壳形变与地震,18(3):73—79.WANG Qing-yun,GAO Shi-jun.1998.Environmental conditions of induced earthquake in Geheyan reservoir[J].Crus-tal Deformation and Earthquake,18(3):73—79(in Chinese).
魏柏林,刘燕萍,叶秀薇,等.2008.湖南东江水库地震的预测研究[J].华南地震,28(3):31—43.WEI Bo-lin,LIU Yan-ping,YE Xiu-wei,et al.2008.Study on prediction of Hunan Dongjiang reservoir earthquakes[J].South China Journal of seismology,28(3):31—43(in Chinese).
姚运生.2006.“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测”项目成果介绍[J].国际地震动态,(9):67—69.YAO Yun-sheng.2006.Introduction of the program“Monitoring and studies for reservoir-induced earthquakes in theThree Gorge Reservoir”[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,(9):67—69(in Chinese).
杨清源,胡毓良,陈献程,等.1996.国内外水库诱发地震目录[J].地震地质,18(4):453—461.YANG Qing-yuan,HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng,et al.1996.Catalogue of reservoir induced seismic events in theworld[J].Seismology and Geology,18(4):453—461(in Chinese).
中国水利水电科学研究院.2001.《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》[S].北京:中国电力出版社.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research.2001.Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic struc-tures[S].China Power Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
赵珠,龙思胜,罗昭明.1999.四川二滩水库库区蓄水前地震序列揭示的水库诱震结构[J].华南地震,19(1):79—84.ZHAO Zhu,YOU Si-sheng,LUO Zhao-ming.1999.Reservoir induced seismicity structure revealed by the earthquakesequences at Sichuan Ertan reservoir area before filling[J].South China Seismological Journal,19(1):79—84(in Chinese).
周昕,钟羽云,傅建武,等.2006.珊溪水库地震与构造地震波谱时-频特征的对比研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(4):86—91.ZHOU Xin,ZHONG Yu-yun,FU Jian-wu,et al.2006.Contrast of time-frequency characteristics of wave spectrum be-tween Shanxi reservoir induced earthquake and tectonic earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,26(4):86—91(in Chinese).
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