汶川地震中的地表破裂与灾害
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摘要
发生在龙门山断裂带上的汶川Ms8.0级地震引起的地表破裂主要分布在北川—映秀断裂带和江油—灌县断裂带上,尤其是沿前者发育了长达240 km的地表破裂带,造成了重大的人员与财产损失。灾害发生的原因是多方面的:地震的震级大;震中所处地区构造发育,地质环境极为脆弱;人口较为密集,城镇的场地普遍狭窄,空间有限等。但是,断层的作用是决定性的,且在不同地段表现出了明显的差异性,导致了不同类型的地震灾害。对于断层的避让与设防问题考虑不足,放大了本次地震的灾害效应。
The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on the Longmenshan area had produced two surface rupture faults: Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Jiangyou-Guanxian fault.Especially along the first fault,the earthquake produced a 240 km-long rupture zone,causing huge casualties and property losses.There were many reasons for this disaster: the earthquake magnitude was very high,reaching Ms8.0;the epicenter region was in tectonic development,so its geological environment was very fragile;the town had a relatively dense population but a generally narrow venue and limited space.However,the role of faults was decisive,which in different locations showed significant differences,leading to the emergence of different types of earthquake damages.Lack of consideration for fault avoidance and fortification amplified the disastrous effects of the earthquake.
The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on the Longmenshan area had produced two surface rupture faults: Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Jiangyou-Guanxian fault.Especially along the first fault,the earthquake produced a 240 km-long rupture zone,causing huge casualties and property losses.There were many reasons for this disaster: the earthquake magnitude was very high,reaching Ms8.0;the epicenter region was in tectonic development,so its geological environment was very fragile;the town had a relatively dense population but a generally narrow venue and limited space.However,the role of faults was decisive,which in different locations showed significant differences,leading to the emergence of different types of earthquake damages.Lack of consideration for fault avoidance and fortification amplified the disastrous effects of the earthquake.
引文
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[2]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.
[3]李勇,周荣军,A.L Densmore,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑—逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):40-51.
[4]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-151.
[5]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2 585-2 592.
[7]冉勇康,史翔,王虎,等.汶川Ms8地震最大地表同震垂直位移量及其地表变形样式[J].第四纪研究,2010,55(2):154-162.
[8]徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.5.12汶川地震地表破裂基本参数的再论证及其构造内涵分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2321-2236.
[9]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等,汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.
[10]杜义,谢富仁,张效亮,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震断层滑动机制研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):464-473.
[11]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):778-788.
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