地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述
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摘要
地震资料去噪,无论是叠前还是叠后,都是处理中非常重要的内容.随着勘探技术的进步,地球物理界积累和开发的去噪软件已越来越多.对各种去噪方法进行分门别类,阐述其基本原理、物理意义、适用条件、发展前景,既有理论价值又有实际指导意义.本文从噪声的特征出发,首先对地震资料噪声进行了分类;然后综合评述了目前实际生产中常用的几种去噪方法,包括频率域滤波、频率波数域滤波、频率空间域滤波、Radon变换、聚束滤波、基于小波分解和重建的去噪方法等;最后还简述了去噪技术的应用及发展情况.
For both prestack seismic gathers and stacked seismic data,noise attenuation is a very important part of seismic data processing.With the advancement of exploration techniques,the accumulated and developed software for noise attenuation are becoming more and more.It is valuable in theory and instructional in practice to sort different methods of noise attenuation and state their fundamentals,physical meanings,applied conditions and development futures.In this paper,we firstly divide the noise in seismic data according to different characteristics,and then overview some popular methods of noise attenuation in practice,including frequency filtering,frequency-wavenumber filtering,frequency-space filtering,the Radon transform,beamforming,methods of noise attenuation on the basis of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction,and so on.In the end,we also talk about the development trend of techniques for noise attenuation.
For both prestack seismic gathers and stacked seismic data,noise attenuation is a very important part of seismic data processing.With the advancement of exploration techniques,the accumulated and developed software for noise attenuation are becoming more and more.It is valuable in theory and instructional in practice to sort different methods of noise attenuation and state their fundamentals,physical meanings,applied conditions and development futures.In this paper,we firstly divide the noise in seismic data according to different characteristics,and then overview some popular methods of noise attenuation in practice,including frequency filtering,frequency-wavenumber filtering,frequency-space filtering,the Radon transform,beamforming,methods of noise attenuation on the basis of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction,and so on.In the end,we also talk about the development trend of techniques for noise attenuation.
引文
[1]李振春,张军华.地震数据处理方法[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2004,23~54.
[2]Canales L L.Random noise reduction[A].In:54th SEG Mtg[C].1984,525~572.
[3]熊翥.地震数据数字处理应用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,203~206.
[4]国九英,周兴元,杨慧珠.三维f-x,y域随机噪音衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):207~215.
[5]苏贵士,周兴元,李承楚.频率空间(三维)f-xyz域预测去噪技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):95~103.
[6]康冶,于承业,贾卧,王春梅,陈颖.f-x域去噪方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):136~138.
[7]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494.
[8]蔡加铭,周兴元,吴律.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331.
[9]李远钦.一种非线性Radon变换及非零偏移距VSP波场分离[J].石油物探,1994,33(3):33~39.
[10]李远钦,刘雯林.n维广义Radon变换[J].地球物理学进展,1997,12(4):59~65.
[11]Brian Russell,Dan Hampson,Joong Chun.Noise Elimina-tion and The Radon Transform,Part1[J].The LeadingEdge,1990,9(11):18~23.
[12]Brian Russell,Dan Hampson,Joong Chun.Noise Elimina-tion and The Radon Transform,Part2[J].The LeadingEdge,1990,9(11):31~37.
[13]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,沈操,李英才,吕景贵,王宏语.多项式Radon变换[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263~271.
[14]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8~15.
[15]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398~405.
[16]Shumway R H,Dean W C.Best linear unbiased estimationfor multivariate stationary processes[J].Technometrics,1968,10(3):523~534.
[17]Cox H,Zeskind R M,Owen M K.Robust adaptive beam-forming[J].IEEE Trans Acoust Speech and Signal Process-ing,1987,35(10):1365~1376.
[18]White R E.A multichannel method of multiple attenuationbased on hyperbolic moveout curves[A].50th EAEG Meet-ing,The Hague,Extended Abstracts[C].1988,1~22.
[19]Hu T,White R E.Implementation of MVU beamformers[A].In:55th EAEG Meeting,Stavanger,Norway,Extend-ed Abstracts[C].1993.
[20]Hu T.Decomposition of seismic wavefields and its applica-tions[D].London:University of London,UK,1995.
[21]胡天跃,王润秋,R.E.White.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115.
[22]洪菲,胡天跃,王润秋.利用三维聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中的相关噪音[A].见:CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议论文集(详细摘要)[C].2004,150~152.
[23]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,刘东奇.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106~1110.
[24]夏洪瑞,朱勇,周开明.小波变换及其在去噪中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):274~285.
[25]刘法启,张关泉.小波变换与f-k算法在滤波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):782~792.
[26]宗涛,孟鸿鹰,贾玉兰,刘贵忠.小波包域前后向预测去噪[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):337~346.
[27]王振国,周熙襄,李晶.基于小波变换的最小光滑滤波去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):594~600.
[28]王振国,汪恩华.小波包相关阀值去噪[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):400~405.
[29]刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):711~714.
[30]Yu S,Cai X,Su Y.Seismic signal enhancement by polyno-mial fitting[J].Applied Geophysics,1989,1:57~65.
[31]Jones I F,Levy S.Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in mul-tichannel seimic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35,12~32.
[32]王宏伟.矢量分解法压噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(1):16~29.
[33]夏洪瑞,陈德刚,周开明,等.中值约束下的矢量分解去噪[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):29~33.
[34]ZHU Wei-hong,LIU Qing-lin,Panos G.Kelamis.Linearnoise attenuation using local radial trace median filtering[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):728~730.
[35]Douglas Alsdorf.Noise reduction in seismic data using fouriercorrelation coefficient filtering[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1617~1627.
[2]Canales L L.Random noise reduction[A].In:54th SEG Mtg[C].1984,525~572.
[3]熊翥.地震数据数字处理应用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,203~206.
[4]国九英,周兴元,杨慧珠.三维f-x,y域随机噪音衰减[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):207~215.
[5]苏贵士,周兴元,李承楚.频率空间(三维)f-xyz域预测去噪技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):95~103.
[6]康冶,于承业,贾卧,王春梅,陈颖.f-x域去噪方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):136~138.
[7]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494.
[8]蔡加铭,周兴元,吴律.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331.
[9]李远钦.一种非线性Radon变换及非零偏移距VSP波场分离[J].石油物探,1994,33(3):33~39.
[10]李远钦,刘雯林.n维广义Radon变换[J].地球物理学进展,1997,12(4):59~65.
[11]Brian Russell,Dan Hampson,Joong Chun.Noise Elimina-tion and The Radon Transform,Part1[J].The LeadingEdge,1990,9(11):18~23.
[12]Brian Russell,Dan Hampson,Joong Chun.Noise Elimina-tion and The Radon Transform,Part2[J].The LeadingEdge,1990,9(11):31~37.
[13]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,沈操,李英才,吕景贵,王宏语.多项式Radon变换[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263~271.
[14]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8~15.
[15]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398~405.
[16]Shumway R H,Dean W C.Best linear unbiased estimationfor multivariate stationary processes[J].Technometrics,1968,10(3):523~534.
[17]Cox H,Zeskind R M,Owen M K.Robust adaptive beam-forming[J].IEEE Trans Acoust Speech and Signal Process-ing,1987,35(10):1365~1376.
[18]White R E.A multichannel method of multiple attenuationbased on hyperbolic moveout curves[A].50th EAEG Meet-ing,The Hague,Extended Abstracts[C].1988,1~22.
[19]Hu T,White R E.Implementation of MVU beamformers[A].In:55th EAEG Meeting,Stavanger,Norway,Extend-ed Abstracts[C].1993.
[20]Hu T.Decomposition of seismic wavefields and its applica-tions[D].London:University of London,UK,1995.
[21]胡天跃,王润秋,R.E.White.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115.
[22]洪菲,胡天跃,王润秋.利用三维聚束滤波方法消除地震资料中的相关噪音[A].见:CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议论文集(详细摘要)[C].2004,150~152.
[23]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,刘东奇.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106~1110.
[24]夏洪瑞,朱勇,周开明.小波变换及其在去噪中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):274~285.
[25]刘法启,张关泉.小波变换与f-k算法在滤波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6):782~792.
[26]宗涛,孟鸿鹰,贾玉兰,刘贵忠.小波包域前后向预测去噪[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):337~346.
[27]王振国,周熙襄,李晶.基于小波变换的最小光滑滤波去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):594~600.
[28]王振国,汪恩华.小波包相关阀值去噪[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):400~405.
[29]刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):711~714.
[30]Yu S,Cai X,Su Y.Seismic signal enhancement by polyno-mial fitting[J].Applied Geophysics,1989,1:57~65.
[31]Jones I F,Levy S.Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in mul-tichannel seimic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35,12~32.
[32]王宏伟.矢量分解法压噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(1):16~29.
[33]夏洪瑞,陈德刚,周开明,等.中值约束下的矢量分解去噪[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):29~33.
[34]ZHU Wei-hong,LIU Qing-lin,Panos G.Kelamis.Linearnoise attenuation using local radial trace median filtering[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):728~730.
[35]Douglas Alsdorf.Noise reduction in seismic data using fouriercorrelation coefficient filtering[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1617~1627.
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