大凉山次级块体内强震发生的构造特征与2014年鲁甸6.5级地震对周边断层的影响
|
摘要
2014年8月3日,在云南鲁甸发生MS6.5地震。该地震位于巴颜喀拉块体、川滇块体与华南块体三者之间的以挤压和左旋走滑为主要活动特征的大凉山次级块体内部。该次级块体吸收了来自川滇块体和巴颜喀拉块体的挤压作用,主要以各边界断裂带的挤压作用和内部大凉山断裂带、峨边断裂带等NNW向的左旋走滑次级断裂为主要特征;在历史上大凉山次级块体边界上以7级以上强震活动为主要特征,而在次级块体内部则以5级地震频繁活动为主。2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震发生在逆冲走滑断裂带内部的NNW向左旋走滑断裂上,该地震主要受到了发生在小江断裂带上的1733年M7和则木河断裂带上的1850年M 7强震的影响,这两次地震对2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震有促进作用,而2014年鲁甸6.5级地震促进了2014年10月1日越西5.0级地震的发生,此外鲁甸地震对大凉山断裂带北段、峨边断裂带、昭通-鲁甸断裂带东段以及则木河断裂带南段有一定的库仑应力增强作用。
The MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake occurred on 3 August 2014 in Yunnan,China. The epicenter of this earthquake is located in the Dalingshan sub-block,a boundary region among the Bayan Har block,the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block,which is dominated by the left-lateral and thrust-slip faults. The studies on the characteristics of the crustal deformation,the mechanism of strong earthquakes and stress changes after the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake in the Daliangshan subblock will help us understand the tectonic implication of the earthquake and facilitate further in-depth studies in the region.This article introduces the slip behavior around the Daliangshan sub-block and strong earthquake distribution on the faults. Using the GPS data in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,this study analyzes the motions of sub-blocks bordering the Daliangshan sub-block and the slip behavior of the boundary faults in the block model,and estimates the crustal motion in the Daliangshan sub-block after removing the whole block motion of the sub-block. It can be shown clearly that the Daliangshan subblock has absorbed the compression via the Xianshuihe Fault, the Anninghe Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. Due to the compression from the boundary faults,the crustal motion in the subblock is mainly characterized by the north-northwest trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. The boundary faults of the Daliangshan sub-block are mainly characterized by strong earthquakes with magnitude larger than M7 in the history. But in the interior of the Daliangshan sub-block,there are mainly the moderate earthquakes. The MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake ruptured the Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault,a left-lateral strike-slip fault associated with the main thrust Ludian-Zhaotong Fault and the Lianfeng Fault,where the whole thrust slip rate of the two faults is about 2. 4mm / a.Around the epicenter of the Ludian earthquake,there are strong earthquakes larger than M7 recorded in the nearby region,which might have impact on the occurrence of the Ludian earthquake.Also,the Ludian earthquake may further affect the occurrence of subsequent earthquakes. In this paper,we have calculated the static Coulomb failure stress changes( ΔCFS) on the fault plane of the Ludian earthquake induced by the 3 nearby big earthquakes,including the M 7 earthquake in 1850 on the Zemuhe Fault and the M7 earthquake in 1733 on the Xiaojiang Fault. The MS6. 5 Ludianearthquake ruptured the north-northwest trending Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault,which is associated with the main thrust fault system of the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and Lianfeng Fault. In our results,the Ludian earthquake was promoted by the M 7 in 1733 on the Xiaojiang Fault and the M 7 in 1850 on the Zemuhe Fault earthquakes. From the Coulomb failure stress change calculation,the ΔCFS value is about 0. 03 MPa,which may advance the occurrence of the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake obviously. The calculations also showed opposite results of ΔCFS from the Ludian earthquake on the Yongshan MS5. 0earthquake of 17 August and on the Yuexi MS5. 0 earthquake of 1 October in 2014. The former one is not much related to Ludian earthquake,but to the normal seismicity in the reservoir area as to the minus value of ΔCFS,while the Yuexi MS5. 0 earthquake was promoted by the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake. Moreover, the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake has advanced, to a certain extent, the enhancement of Coulomb failure stress on the northern segment of the Daliangshan Fault,Ebian Fault,eastern segment of the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and the southern segment of the Zemuhe Fault,and has enhanced the earthquake energy accumulation of these faults.
The MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake occurred on 3 August 2014 in Yunnan,China. The epicenter of this earthquake is located in the Dalingshan sub-block,a boundary region among the Bayan Har block,the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block,which is dominated by the left-lateral and thrust-slip faults. The studies on the characteristics of the crustal deformation,the mechanism of strong earthquakes and stress changes after the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake in the Daliangshan subblock will help us understand the tectonic implication of the earthquake and facilitate further in-depth studies in the region.This article introduces the slip behavior around the Daliangshan sub-block and strong earthquake distribution on the faults. Using the GPS data in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,this study analyzes the motions of sub-blocks bordering the Daliangshan sub-block and the slip behavior of the boundary faults in the block model,and estimates the crustal motion in the Daliangshan sub-block after removing the whole block motion of the sub-block. It can be shown clearly that the Daliangshan subblock has absorbed the compression via the Xianshuihe Fault, the Anninghe Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. Due to the compression from the boundary faults,the crustal motion in the subblock is mainly characterized by the north-northwest trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. The boundary faults of the Daliangshan sub-block are mainly characterized by strong earthquakes with magnitude larger than M7 in the history. But in the interior of the Daliangshan sub-block,there are mainly the moderate earthquakes. The MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake ruptured the Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault,a left-lateral strike-slip fault associated with the main thrust Ludian-Zhaotong Fault and the Lianfeng Fault,where the whole thrust slip rate of the two faults is about 2. 4mm / a.Around the epicenter of the Ludian earthquake,there are strong earthquakes larger than M7 recorded in the nearby region,which might have impact on the occurrence of the Ludian earthquake.Also,the Ludian earthquake may further affect the occurrence of subsequent earthquakes. In this paper,we have calculated the static Coulomb failure stress changes( ΔCFS) on the fault plane of the Ludian earthquake induced by the 3 nearby big earthquakes,including the M 7 earthquake in 1850 on the Zemuhe Fault and the M7 earthquake in 1733 on the Xiaojiang Fault. The MS6. 5 Ludianearthquake ruptured the north-northwest trending Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault,which is associated with the main thrust fault system of the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and Lianfeng Fault. In our results,the Ludian earthquake was promoted by the M 7 in 1733 on the Xiaojiang Fault and the M 7 in 1850 on the Zemuhe Fault earthquakes. From the Coulomb failure stress change calculation,the ΔCFS value is about 0. 03 MPa,which may advance the occurrence of the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake obviously. The calculations also showed opposite results of ΔCFS from the Ludian earthquake on the Yongshan MS5. 0earthquake of 17 August and on the Yuexi MS5. 0 earthquake of 1 October in 2014. The former one is not much related to Ludian earthquake,but to the normal seismicity in the reservoir area as to the minus value of ΔCFS,while the Yuexi MS5. 0 earthquake was promoted by the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake. Moreover, the MS6. 5 Ludian earthquake has advanced, to a certain extent, the enhancement of Coulomb failure stress on the northern segment of the Daliangshan Fault,Ebian Fault,eastern segment of the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault and the southern segment of the Zemuhe Fault,and has enhanced the earthquake energy accumulation of these faults.
引文
陈桂华,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.2009.2008年汶川MS8.0地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震滑移及滑移分解[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1384—1394.CHEN Gui-hua,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.2009.Coseismic slip and slip partitioning of multi-faults during theMS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(5):1384—1394(in Chinese).
陈石,王青华,王谦身,等.2014.云南鲁甸MS6.5地震震源区和周边三维密度结构及重力场变化[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3080—3090.CHEN Shi,WANG Qing-hua,WANG Qian-shen,et al.2014.The 3D density structure and gravity change of LudianMS6.5 Yunnan epicenter and surrounding regions[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3080—3090(in Chinese).
程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.2011a.川滇菱形块体东边界各断层段强震演化特征研究[J].中国科学(D辑),41(9):1311—1326.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2011a.Characteristics of strong earthquake evolution around the easternboundary faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(11):1716—1729.
程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.2011b.1997年以来巴颜喀拉块体周缘强震之间的粘弹性触发研究[J].地球物理学报,54(8):1997—2010.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2011b.Coulomb stress interaction among strong earthquakes around theBayan Har block since the Manyi earthquake in 1997[J].Chinese J Geophys,54(8):1997—2010(inChinese).
程佳,徐锡伟,甘卫军,等.2012.青藏高原东南缘地震活动与地壳运动所反映的块体特征及其动力来源[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1198—1212.CHENG Jia,XU Xi-wei,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2012.Block model and dynamic implication from the earthquakeactivities and crustal motion in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese J Geophys,55(4):1198—1212(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆.2007.安宁河断裂带晚第四纪运动特征及模式的讨论[J].地震学报,29(5):537—548.HE Hong-lin,YASUTA I.2007.Faulting on the Anninghe Fault zone,Southwest China in late Quaternary and itsmovement model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(5):537—548(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆,何玉林,等.2008.新生的大凉山断裂带-鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的裁弯取直[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):564—574.HE Hong-lin,YASUTA I,HE Yu-lin,et al.2008.Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault zone-Shortcutting on thecentral section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system[J].Science in China(Ser D),51(9):1248—1258.
阚荣举,张四昌,晏风桐,等.1977.中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨[J].地球物理学报,20(2):96—109.KAN Rong-ju,ZHANG Si-chang,YAN Feng-tong,et al.1977.Present tectonic stress field and its relation to thecharacteristics of recent tectonic activity in southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,20(2),96—109(in Chinese).
李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.2009.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,17(1):3—18.LI Yong,HUANG Run-qiu,ZHOU Rong-jun,et al.2009 Geological background of Longmenshan seismic belt andsurface ruptures in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,17(1):3—18(in Chinese).
马保起,苏刚,侯治华,等.2005.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率[J].地震地质,27(2):234—242.MA Bao-qi,SU Gang,HOU Zhi-hua,et al.2005.Late Quaternary slip rate in the central part of the LongmenshanFault zone from terrace deformation along the Minjiang River[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):234—242(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,程建武,等.2008.安宁河断裂冕宁以北晚第四纪地表变形与强震破裂行为[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):543—554.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHENG Jian-wu,et al.2008.Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupturebehavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe Fault[J].Sci China(Ser D),51(9):1224—1237.
任金卫.1990.川西则木河断裂带强震复发周期的初步研究[J].内陆地震,4(2):107—115.REN Jin-wei.1990.Preliminary study of the recurrence period of strong earthquakes on the fracure zone of Zemuhe,west of Sichuan[J].Inland Earthquake,4(2):107—115(in Chinese).
宋方敏,李如成,徐锡伟.2002.四川大凉山断裂带古地震研究初步结果[J].地震地质,24(1):27—34.SONG Fang-min,LI Ru-cheng,XU Xi-wei.2002.Preliminary results of the investigation of plaeo-earthquakes alongthe Daliangshan Fault zone,Sichuan Province,China[J].Seismolgy and Geology,24(1):27—34(inChinese).
王未来,吴建平,房立华,等.2014.2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震序列的双差定位[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3042—3051.WANG Wei-lai,WU Jian-ping,FANG Li-hua,et al.2014.Double difference location of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake sequences in Yunnan Province in 2014[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3042—3051(in Chinese).
王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康,等.2008.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):582—597.WANG Yan-zhao,WANG En-ning,SHEN Zheng-kang,et al.2008.GPS-constrained inversion of present-day sliprates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Science in China(Ser D),51(9):1267—1283.
闻学泽,马胜利,雷兴林,等.2007.安宁河-则木河断裂带过渡段及其附近新发现的历史大地震破裂遗迹[J].地震地质,29(4):826—833.WEN Xue-ze,MA Sheng-li,LEI Xing-lin,et al.2007.Newly found surface rupture remains of large historicalearthquakes on and near the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones,western Sichuan,China[J].Seimology and Geology,29(4):826—833(in Chinese).
闻学泽,杜方,龙峰,等.2011.小江和曲江-石屏两断裂系统的构造动力学与强震序列的关联性[J].中国科学(D辑),41(5):713—724.WEN Xue-ze,DU Fang,LONG Feng,et al.2011.Tectonic dynamics and correlation of major earthquake sequencesof the Xiaojiang and Qujiang-Shiping Fault systems,Yunnan,China[J].Science in China(Ser D),54(10):1563—1575.
闻学泽,杜方,易桂喜,等.2013.川滇交界东段昭通、莲峰断裂带的地震危险背景[J].地球物理学报,56(10):3361—3372.WEN Xue-ze,DU Fang,YI Gui-xi,et al.2013.Earthquake potential of the Zhaotong and Lianfeng Fault zones of theeastern Sichuan-Yunnan border region[J].Chinese J Geophys,56(10):3361—3372(in Chinese).
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2006.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1369—1376.WU Jian-ping,MING Yue-hong,WANG Chun-yong.2006.Regional waveform inversion for crustal and upper mantlevelocity strueture below Chuandian region[J].Chinese J Geophys,49(5):1369—1376(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.2003.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):151—162.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics foractive blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(2):210—226.
徐锡伟,江国焰,于贵华,等.2014.鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层判定及其构造属性讨论[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3060—3068.XU Xi-wei,JIANG Guo-yan,YU Gui-hua,et al.2014.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake and its tectonic attribution[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3060—3068(in Chinese).
朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜,等.2005.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义[J].地球物理学报,48(3):629—636.ZHU Ai-lan,XU Xi-wei,ZHOU Yong-sheng,et al.2005.Relocation of small earthquakes in western Sichuan,Chinaand its implications for active tectonics[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(3):692—700.
Allen C R,Luo Zhuo-li,Qian Hong,et al.1991.Field study of a highly active fault zone:The Xianshuihe Fault ofsouthwestern China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,13:1178—1199.
Bai D,Unsworth M J,Meju M A,et al.2010.Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau revealed bymagnetotelluric imaging[J].Nature Geosci,3:358—362.doi:10.1038/ngeo830.
Clark M K,Bush J W M,Royden L H.2005.Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheologicalstrength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophys J Int,162:575—590.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02580.x.
Freed A M,Lin J.1998.Time-dependent changes in failure stress following thrust earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24393—24410.
Gan W,Zhang P,Shen Z,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPSmeasurements[J].J Geophys Res,112.doi:10.1029/2005JB004120.
Hubbard J,Shaw J H.2009.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan Plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake[J].Nature,458:194—197.doi:10.1038/nature07837.
Parsons T,Velasco A A.2011.Absence of remotely triggered large earthquakes beyond the mainshock region[J].Nat Geosci,4:321—316.doi:10.1038/ngeo1110.
Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.1997.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,276:788—790.doi:10.1126/science.276.5313.788.
Shen Z,LüJ,Wang M,et al.2005.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the TibetanPlateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth 110B11409.doi:10.1029/2004JB003421.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402:605—609.
Wang R,Lorenzo-Martin F,Roth F.2006.PSGRN/PSCMP:A new code for calculating co-and post-seismicdeformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].ComputGeosci,32(4):527—541.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,84(4):974—1002.
Wen X,Ma S,Xu X,et al.2008.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundaryof the Sichuan-Yunnan Faulted-block,southwestern China[J].Phys Earth Planet Int,168:16—36.
Xu X,Wen X,Yu G,et al.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37:515—518.
Yeats R,Sieh K,Allen C R.1997.The Geology of Earthquakes[M].Oxford University Press,New York.184—187.
Zhao G,Chen X,Wang L,et al.2008.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow'in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateaufrom MT measurements[J].Chin Sci Bull,53:1887—1893.
Zeng Y.2001.Viscoelastic stress-triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by the 1992 Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,28(5):3007—3010.
陈石,王青华,王谦身,等.2014.云南鲁甸MS6.5地震震源区和周边三维密度结构及重力场变化[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3080—3090.CHEN Shi,WANG Qing-hua,WANG Qian-shen,et al.2014.The 3D density structure and gravity change of LudianMS6.5 Yunnan epicenter and surrounding regions[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3080—3090(in Chinese).
程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.2011a.川滇菱形块体东边界各断层段强震演化特征研究[J].中国科学(D辑),41(9):1311—1326.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2011a.Characteristics of strong earthquake evolution around the easternboundary faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(11):1716—1729.
程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.2011b.1997年以来巴颜喀拉块体周缘强震之间的粘弹性触发研究[J].地球物理学报,54(8):1997—2010.CHENG Jia,LIU Jie,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2011b.Coulomb stress interaction among strong earthquakes around theBayan Har block since the Manyi earthquake in 1997[J].Chinese J Geophys,54(8):1997—2010(inChinese).
程佳,徐锡伟,甘卫军,等.2012.青藏高原东南缘地震活动与地壳运动所反映的块体特征及其动力来源[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1198—1212.CHENG Jia,XU Xi-wei,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2012.Block model and dynamic implication from the earthquakeactivities and crustal motion in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese J Geophys,55(4):1198—1212(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆.2007.安宁河断裂带晚第四纪运动特征及模式的讨论[J].地震学报,29(5):537—548.HE Hong-lin,YASUTA I.2007.Faulting on the Anninghe Fault zone,Southwest China in late Quaternary and itsmovement model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(5):537—548(in Chinese).
何宏林,池田安隆,何玉林,等.2008.新生的大凉山断裂带-鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的裁弯取直[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):564—574.HE Hong-lin,YASUTA I,HE Yu-lin,et al.2008.Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault zone-Shortcutting on thecentral section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault system[J].Science in China(Ser D),51(9):1248—1258.
阚荣举,张四昌,晏风桐,等.1977.中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨[J].地球物理学报,20(2):96—109.KAN Rong-ju,ZHANG Si-chang,YAN Feng-tong,et al.1977.Present tectonic stress field and its relation to thecharacteristics of recent tectonic activity in southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,20(2),96—109(in Chinese).
李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.2009.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,17(1):3—18.LI Yong,HUANG Run-qiu,ZHOU Rong-jun,et al.2009 Geological background of Longmenshan seismic belt andsurface ruptures in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,17(1):3—18(in Chinese).
马保起,苏刚,侯治华,等.2005.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率[J].地震地质,27(2):234—242.MA Bao-qi,SU Gang,HOU Zhi-hua,et al.2005.Late Quaternary slip rate in the central part of the LongmenshanFault zone from terrace deformation along the Minjiang River[J].Seismology and Geology,27(2):234—242(in Chinese).
冉勇康,陈立春,程建武,等.2008.安宁河断裂冕宁以北晚第四纪地表变形与强震破裂行为[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):543—554.RAN Yong-kang,CHEN Li-chun,CHENG Jian-wu,et al.2008.Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupturebehavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe Fault[J].Sci China(Ser D),51(9):1224—1237.
任金卫.1990.川西则木河断裂带强震复发周期的初步研究[J].内陆地震,4(2):107—115.REN Jin-wei.1990.Preliminary study of the recurrence period of strong earthquakes on the fracure zone of Zemuhe,west of Sichuan[J].Inland Earthquake,4(2):107—115(in Chinese).
宋方敏,李如成,徐锡伟.2002.四川大凉山断裂带古地震研究初步结果[J].地震地质,24(1):27—34.SONG Fang-min,LI Ru-cheng,XU Xi-wei.2002.Preliminary results of the investigation of plaeo-earthquakes alongthe Daliangshan Fault zone,Sichuan Province,China[J].Seismolgy and Geology,24(1):27—34(inChinese).
王未来,吴建平,房立华,等.2014.2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震序列的双差定位[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3042—3051.WANG Wei-lai,WU Jian-ping,FANG Li-hua,et al.2014.Double difference location of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake sequences in Yunnan Province in 2014[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3042—3051(in Chinese).
王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康,等.2008.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率[J].中国科学(D辑),38(5):582—597.WANG Yan-zhao,WANG En-ning,SHEN Zheng-kang,et al.2008.GPS-constrained inversion of present-day sliprates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Science in China(Ser D),51(9):1267—1283.
闻学泽,马胜利,雷兴林,等.2007.安宁河-则木河断裂带过渡段及其附近新发现的历史大地震破裂遗迹[J].地震地质,29(4):826—833.WEN Xue-ze,MA Sheng-li,LEI Xing-lin,et al.2007.Newly found surface rupture remains of large historicalearthquakes on and near the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones,western Sichuan,China[J].Seimology and Geology,29(4):826—833(in Chinese).
闻学泽,杜方,龙峰,等.2011.小江和曲江-石屏两断裂系统的构造动力学与强震序列的关联性[J].中国科学(D辑),41(5):713—724.WEN Xue-ze,DU Fang,LONG Feng,et al.2011.Tectonic dynamics and correlation of major earthquake sequencesof the Xiaojiang and Qujiang-Shiping Fault systems,Yunnan,China[J].Science in China(Ser D),54(10):1563—1575.
闻学泽,杜方,易桂喜,等.2013.川滇交界东段昭通、莲峰断裂带的地震危险背景[J].地球物理学报,56(10):3361—3372.WEN Xue-ze,DU Fang,YI Gui-xi,et al.2013.Earthquake potential of the Zhaotong and Lianfeng Fault zones of theeastern Sichuan-Yunnan border region[J].Chinese J Geophys,56(10):3361—3372(in Chinese).
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2006.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1369—1376.WU Jian-ping,MING Yue-hong,WANG Chun-yong.2006.Regional waveform inversion for crustal and upper mantlevelocity strueture below Chuandian region[J].Chinese J Geophys,49(5):1369—1376(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.2003.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):151—162.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics foractive blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(2):210—226.
徐锡伟,江国焰,于贵华,等.2014.鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层判定及其构造属性讨论[J].地球物理学报,57(9):3060—3068.XU Xi-wei,JIANG Guo-yan,YU Gui-hua,et al.2014.Discussion on seismogenic fault of the Ludian MS6.5earthquake and its tectonic attribution[J].Chinese J Geophys,57(9):3060—3068(in Chinese).
朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜,等.2005.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义[J].地球物理学报,48(3):629—636.ZHU Ai-lan,XU Xi-wei,ZHOU Yong-sheng,et al.2005.Relocation of small earthquakes in western Sichuan,Chinaand its implications for active tectonics[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(3):692—700.
Allen C R,Luo Zhuo-li,Qian Hong,et al.1991.Field study of a highly active fault zone:The Xianshuihe Fault ofsouthwestern China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,13:1178—1199.
Bai D,Unsworth M J,Meju M A,et al.2010.Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau revealed bymagnetotelluric imaging[J].Nature Geosci,3:358—362.doi:10.1038/ngeo830.
Clark M K,Bush J W M,Royden L H.2005.Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheologicalstrength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophys J Int,162:575—590.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02580.x.
Freed A M,Lin J.1998.Time-dependent changes in failure stress following thrust earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,103(B10):24393—24410.
Gan W,Zhang P,Shen Z,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPSmeasurements[J].J Geophys Res,112.doi:10.1029/2005JB004120.
Hubbard J,Shaw J H.2009.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan Plateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake[J].Nature,458:194—197.doi:10.1038/nature07837.
Parsons T,Velasco A A.2011.Absence of remotely triggered large earthquakes beyond the mainshock region[J].Nat Geosci,4:321—316.doi:10.1038/ngeo1110.
Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.1997.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,276:788—790.doi:10.1126/science.276.5313.788.
Shen Z,LüJ,Wang M,et al.2005.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the TibetanPlateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth 110B11409.doi:10.1029/2004JB003421.
Stein R S.1999.The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence[J].Nature,402:605—609.
Wang R,Lorenzo-Martin F,Roth F.2006.PSGRN/PSCMP:A new code for calculating co-and post-seismicdeformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].ComputGeosci,32(4):527—541.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seis Soc Am,84(4):974—1002.
Wen X,Ma S,Xu X,et al.2008.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundaryof the Sichuan-Yunnan Faulted-block,southwestern China[J].Phys Earth Planet Int,168:16—36.
Xu X,Wen X,Yu G,et al.2009.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,37:515—518.
Yeats R,Sieh K,Allen C R.1997.The Geology of Earthquakes[M].Oxford University Press,New York.184—187.
Zhao G,Chen X,Wang L,et al.2008.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow'in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateaufrom MT measurements[J].Chin Sci Bull,53:1887—1893.
Zeng Y.2001.Viscoelastic stress-triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by the 1992 Landers earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,28(5):3007—3010.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心