经验格林函数方法模拟地震动研究现状
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摘要
经过30多年的发展,格林已经成为被地震工作者普遍接受的模拟地震动的方法。回顾发展历史,该方法可以分为3个阶段:第1阶段是经验格林函数理论建立阶段;第二阶段是经验格林函数方法逐步得到完善阶段;第三个阶段是经验格林函数方法的广泛应用阶段,该阶段提出了用该方法预测未来地震动的一般步骤,标志着用经验格林函数方法预测未来地震动,为建筑物的抗震设防提供依据已经到了比较成熟阶段。最后,对用经验格林函数方法和随机方法模拟地震动的优势和不足进行了比较。
The ground motion simulation with empirical Green's function has been developed for thirty years.It has became popular method of simulating ground motion.Through retrospection of history of this method,it is thought that the development of empirical Green's function method can be divided into three phases:the first is the phase that the theory of empirical Green's function is established;the second is the phase that the empirical Green's function method is perfected gradually;the third is the phase that the empirical Green's function method is applied broadly,generic steps of future earthquake prediction are put forward in this phase,this shows that future earthquake prediction and anti-sesmic design of construction with empirical Green's function method are in more mature phase.At last,comparisons of advantages and disadvantages between empirical Green's function method and stochastic method are made.
The ground motion simulation with empirical Green's function has been developed for thirty years.It has became popular method of simulating ground motion.Through retrospection of history of this method,it is thought that the development of empirical Green's function method can be divided into three phases:the first is the phase that the theory of empirical Green's function is established;the second is the phase that the empirical Green's function method is perfected gradually;the third is the phase that the empirical Green's function method is applied broadly,generic steps of future earthquake prediction are put forward in this phase,this shows that future earthquake prediction and anti-sesmic design of construction with empirical Green's function method are in more mature phase.At last,comparisons of advantages and disadvantages between empirical Green's function method and stochastic method are made.
引文
[1]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].New York:W H Freeman&Co Ltd,1980.
[2]金星.重大工程场地设计地震动与地震动场的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1992.JIN Xing.Research on ground motion design and earthquake motion field of major engineering field[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering mechan-ics,China earthquake and ministration,1992.
[3]Kawasaki,I.,Y.Suzuki,and R.Sato.Seismic waves due to a shear fault in a semi-infinite medium[J]J.Phys.Earth,1973,21(1-4):251-284.
[4]Sato,R.Long-Period Surface Velocities and Accelerations Due to a Dislocation Source Model in a Medium with Spherical Multi-Layers[J]PartII J.Phys.Earth,1978,26(1):17-37.
[5]Sato,R.and N.Hirata.One Method to Compute Theoretical Seismogram in a Layered Medium[J]J.Phys.Earth,1980,28:145-168.
[6]Heaton,T.H.and D.V.Helmberger.Generalized Ray Models of the San Fernando Earthquakes[J]BSSA,1979,69(5):1311-1341.
[7]Bouchon,M.Discrete Wave Number Representation of Elastic Wave Fields in Three-Space Dimensions[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B7):3609-3614.
[8]Hartzell.S and Helmberger D.V.Strong-motion modeling of the Imperial valley earthquake of 1979[J]BSSA,1982,72(2):571-596.
[9]Harzell S H.Earthquake aftershock as Green’s function[J].Geophys.R E.let,1978,5(1):1-4.
[10]Kanamori H.A semi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquake[J]BSSA,1979,69(6):1654-1670.
[11]Dan K,Tanaka T,Wtanabe T.Simulation and prediction of strong ground motion in epicentral region of the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake bysemi-empirical method[J]Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ),1987,52(373):50-62.
[12]Dan K,Watanabe T and Tanaka T.A semi-empirical method to synthesize earthquake ground motions based on approximate far-field shear-wave displacement[J]Journal of structural and construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ),1989,396:27-36.
[13]Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes[J].Bulletin of Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto Univ.,1983,33(2):63～104.
[14]Irikura,K.and Kamae.K Estimation of strong ground motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empiricalGreen’s function technique[J]ANNALI DI GEOFISICA,6December1994,VOL.ⅩⅩⅩⅦ,N:1721-1743.
[15]罗奇峰.近场加速度的半经验合成[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989.LUO Qifeng.Semi empirical synthesis of Near field acceleration[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering mechanics,China earthquake and ministra-tion,1989.
[16]Dalguer L A,Miyake H,Day S M,and Irikura K.Surface rupturing and buried dynamic-rupture Models Calibrated with Statistical Observationsof Past Earthquakes[J]BSSA,2008,98(3):1147–1161.
[17]lrikura,K.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green’s function[C]//proc.7th Japan Earthquake Symp.Japan:Japan,1986.151-156.
[18]Irikura,K.Prediction of strong motions from future earthquake caused by active fault-case of the Osaka base[C]//Proceedings 12th World con-ference On Earthquake Engineering.New Zealand:New Zealand,2000.
[19]Irikura K.Recipe for predicting strong ground motions from future large earthquakes[J]Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals,Kyoto U-niversity,2004,47(A),25-45.
[20]刘启方.基于运动学和动力学震源模型的近断层地震动研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2005.LIU Qifang.Studies on near-fault ground motions based on kinematic and dynamic source models[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering me-chanics,China earthquake and ministration,2005.
[21]吴迪.基于凸凹体模型的地震动半经验合成研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.WU Di.Semi empirical synthesis of ground motion based on asperity[D].Shanghai:Tongji university,2008.
[22]张有兵,章文波.用经验格林函数法模拟2008年日本岩手-宫城地震的强地面运动[J]地震学报,2010,32(3):320-331.ZHANG Youbin,ZHANG Wenbo.Strong ground motion simulation of the 2008 1wate-Miyagi,Japan,earthquake using empirical Green’S func-tion method[J].Acta seismologica sinica,2010,32(3):320-331.
[23]Kamae K.,Irikura K and pitarka A.A technique simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function[J]BSSA,1998,88(2):357-367.
[24]Pitarka A.Somerville P Y Fukushima.T Uetake and K Irikura.Simulation of near fault-strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function[J]BSSA,2000,90(3):566-586.
[25]Irikura K and Miyake H.Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal earthquake scenarios[J]Pure Appl.Geophys,2010,168:85-104.
[26]Irikura K,Kurahashi S and Miyakoshi K.Verification and Applicability of"Recipe"of Predicting Strong Ground Motions for Inland CrustalEarthquakes[C]//The IASPEI General Assembly,South Africa:Cape Town,2009.
[27]Hanks T C.B value seismic source models:implication for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high fre-quency strong ground motion[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B5):2235-2242.
[28]Hanks T C,McGuire R.The character of high-frequency strong ground motion[J]BSSA,1981,71:2071-2095.
[29]McGuire R K,Hanks T C.RMS accelerations and spectral amplitudes of strong Ground motion during the San Fernando,California earthquake[J]BSSA,1980,70(5):1907-1919.
[30]Brune J N.Tectonic Stress and the Spectra of Seismic Shear Waves from Earthquakes[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75(26):4997-5009.
[31]Brune J N.Correction[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1971,76(20):5002.
[32]Atkinson G M,Assatourians K,Boore D M,Campbell K and Motazedian D.A guide to differences between stochastic point-source and stochas-tic finite-fault simulations[J]BSSA,2009,99(6):3192-3201.
[33]Berenev I,Atkinson G.Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the 1994 Northridge,California earthquake.I.validation on rocksites[J]BSSA,1998b,88(6):1392-1401.
[34]Berenev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground-motion perspective[J]Geophys.Res.L.,2001,28(1):53-56.
[35]Beresnev I,Atkinson G.FINSIM:A FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults[J]SeismologicalResearch Letters,1998,69:27-32.
[36]Wang Guoxin and Tao Xiaxin.Strong ground motion of the 1994 M6.7 Northridge Earthquake simulated by stochastic approach[C]//Proc.OfIASPEI Assembly,Honei.2001.
[37]Motazedian and Atkinson.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J]BSSA,2005,95(3):995-1010.
[2]金星.重大工程场地设计地震动与地震动场的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1992.JIN Xing.Research on ground motion design and earthquake motion field of major engineering field[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering mechan-ics,China earthquake and ministration,1992.
[3]Kawasaki,I.,Y.Suzuki,and R.Sato.Seismic waves due to a shear fault in a semi-infinite medium[J]J.Phys.Earth,1973,21(1-4):251-284.
[4]Sato,R.Long-Period Surface Velocities and Accelerations Due to a Dislocation Source Model in a Medium with Spherical Multi-Layers[J]PartII J.Phys.Earth,1978,26(1):17-37.
[5]Sato,R.and N.Hirata.One Method to Compute Theoretical Seismogram in a Layered Medium[J]J.Phys.Earth,1980,28:145-168.
[6]Heaton,T.H.and D.V.Helmberger.Generalized Ray Models of the San Fernando Earthquakes[J]BSSA,1979,69(5):1311-1341.
[7]Bouchon,M.Discrete Wave Number Representation of Elastic Wave Fields in Three-Space Dimensions[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B7):3609-3614.
[8]Hartzell.S and Helmberger D.V.Strong-motion modeling of the Imperial valley earthquake of 1979[J]BSSA,1982,72(2):571-596.
[9]Harzell S H.Earthquake aftershock as Green’s function[J].Geophys.R E.let,1978,5(1):1-4.
[10]Kanamori H.A semi-empirical approach to prediction of long-period ground motions from great earthquake[J]BSSA,1979,69(6):1654-1670.
[11]Dan K,Tanaka T,Wtanabe T.Simulation and prediction of strong ground motion in epicentral region of the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake bysemi-empirical method[J]Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ),1987,52(373):50-62.
[12]Dan K,Watanabe T and Tanaka T.A semi-empirical method to synthesize earthquake ground motions based on approximate far-field shear-wave displacement[J]Journal of structural and construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ),1989,396:27-36.
[13]Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes[J].Bulletin of Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto Univ.,1983,33(2):63～104.
[14]Irikura,K.and Kamae.K Estimation of strong ground motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empiricalGreen’s function technique[J]ANNALI DI GEOFISICA,6December1994,VOL.ⅩⅩⅩⅦ,N:1721-1743.
[15]罗奇峰.近场加速度的半经验合成[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989.LUO Qifeng.Semi empirical synthesis of Near field acceleration[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering mechanics,China earthquake and ministra-tion,1989.
[16]Dalguer L A,Miyake H,Day S M,and Irikura K.Surface rupturing and buried dynamic-rupture Models Calibrated with Statistical Observationsof Past Earthquakes[J]BSSA,2008,98(3):1147–1161.
[17]lrikura,K.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green’s function[C]//proc.7th Japan Earthquake Symp.Japan:Japan,1986.151-156.
[18]Irikura,K.Prediction of strong motions from future earthquake caused by active fault-case of the Osaka base[C]//Proceedings 12th World con-ference On Earthquake Engineering.New Zealand:New Zealand,2000.
[19]Irikura K.Recipe for predicting strong ground motions from future large earthquakes[J]Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals,Kyoto U-niversity,2004,47(A),25-45.
[20]刘启方.基于运动学和动力学震源模型的近断层地震动研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2005.LIU Qifang.Studies on near-fault ground motions based on kinematic and dynamic source models[D].Harbin:Institute of engineering me-chanics,China earthquake and ministration,2005.
[21]吴迪.基于凸凹体模型的地震动半经验合成研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.WU Di.Semi empirical synthesis of ground motion based on asperity[D].Shanghai:Tongji university,2008.
[22]张有兵,章文波.用经验格林函数法模拟2008年日本岩手-宫城地震的强地面运动[J]地震学报,2010,32(3):320-331.ZHANG Youbin,ZHANG Wenbo.Strong ground motion simulation of the 2008 1wate-Miyagi,Japan,earthquake using empirical Green’S func-tion method[J].Acta seismologica sinica,2010,32(3):320-331.
[23]Kamae K.,Irikura K and pitarka A.A technique simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function[J]BSSA,1998,88(2):357-367.
[24]Pitarka A.Somerville P Y Fukushima.T Uetake and K Irikura.Simulation of near fault-strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function[J]BSSA,2000,90(3):566-586.
[25]Irikura K and Miyake H.Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal earthquake scenarios[J]Pure Appl.Geophys,2010,168:85-104.
[26]Irikura K,Kurahashi S and Miyakoshi K.Verification and Applicability of"Recipe"of Predicting Strong Ground Motions for Inland CrustalEarthquakes[C]//The IASPEI General Assembly,South Africa:Cape Town,2009.
[27]Hanks T C.B value seismic source models:implication for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high fre-quency strong ground motion[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84(B5):2235-2242.
[28]Hanks T C,McGuire R.The character of high-frequency strong ground motion[J]BSSA,1981,71:2071-2095.
[29]McGuire R K,Hanks T C.RMS accelerations and spectral amplitudes of strong Ground motion during the San Fernando,California earthquake[J]BSSA,1980,70(5):1907-1919.
[30]Brune J N.Tectonic Stress and the Spectra of Seismic Shear Waves from Earthquakes[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75(26):4997-5009.
[31]Brune J N.Correction[J]J.Geophys.Res.,1971,76(20):5002.
[32]Atkinson G M,Assatourians K,Boore D M,Campbell K and Motazedian D.A guide to differences between stochastic point-source and stochas-tic finite-fault simulations[J]BSSA,2009,99(6):3192-3201.
[33]Berenev I,Atkinson G.Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the 1994 Northridge,California earthquake.I.validation on rocksites[J]BSSA,1998b,88(6):1392-1401.
[34]Berenev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground-motion perspective[J]Geophys.Res.L.,2001,28(1):53-56.
[35]Beresnev I,Atkinson G.FINSIM:A FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults[J]SeismologicalResearch Letters,1998,69:27-32.
[36]Wang Guoxin and Tao Xiaxin.Strong ground motion of the 1994 M6.7 Northridge Earthquake simulated by stochastic approach[C]//Proc.OfIASPEI Assembly,Honei.2001.
[37]Motazedian and Atkinson.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J]BSSA,2005,95(3):995-1010.
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