胜金口西山地三维地震采集与处理技术
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摘要
胜金口西山地地表和地下条件复杂 ,造成激发、接收条件差 ,原始地震资料信噪比低 ,静校正问题突出 ,资料成像困难。针对以上难点 ,在资料采集方面 ,对观测系统精心设计 ,采用 6线 18炮砖墙式观测系统 ;根据工区不同地表和岩性分布 ,将工区分为山地 (山前带 )、农田和戈壁砾石区 ,分别采用炸药震源和可控震源激发 ;以深井微测井为主结合小折射方法 ,提高表层建模精度 ,进而通过静校正数据库建立全区表层结构模型。在地震资料处理方面 ,以提高信噪比和突出断层下盘信息为主要目标 ,做好静校正、叠前去噪、子波整形、反褶积、偏移等关键处理步骤 ;在进行三维偏移时通过多次偏移速度扫描 ,建立了比较精确的偏移速度场。采用这套山地三维地震采集技术与处理方法所获得的地震资料 ,能够满足该区地震解释需要
The surface and subsurface are very complex on Shengjinkou west mountain,which resulted in poor shooting and receiving conditions,the raw seismic data have lower signal to noise ratio and large static correction,causing difficulty for data imaging.In view of above difficulties,in seismic data acquisition,we finely designed geometry and adopted brick pattern geometry (6 lines and 18 shots); according to different surface and lithology distribution,we divided the work area into mountains(foreland zone),farmland and Gobi gravel zone and adopted dynamite source and vibroseis to shot separately;mainly taking deep uphole survey as a basic tool and combing with shallow refraction survey,the precision of model building of surface has been improved and then the structural model of surface in whole work area has been built up by static correction database.In seismic data processing,taking improvement of signal to noise ratio and highlighting the information of lower plate of fault as main objects,the following processing has been well done:static corrections,prestack noise removing,wavelet shaping,deconvolution and migration;the velocity scanning has been carried out many times in 3 D migration to build more precious migration velocity fields.The resulted seismic data from using the set of mountainous 3 D seismic acquisition and processing methods can meet the needs of seismic data interpretation in that region.
The surface and subsurface are very complex on Shengjinkou west mountain,which resulted in poor shooting and receiving conditions,the raw seismic data have lower signal to noise ratio and large static correction,causing difficulty for data imaging.In view of above difficulties,in seismic data acquisition,we finely designed geometry and adopted brick pattern geometry (6 lines and 18 shots); according to different surface and lithology distribution,we divided the work area into mountains(foreland zone),farmland and Gobi gravel zone and adopted dynamite source and vibroseis to shot separately;mainly taking deep uphole survey as a basic tool and combing with shallow refraction survey,the precision of model building of surface has been improved and then the structural model of surface in whole work area has been built up by static correction database.In seismic data processing,taking improvement of signal to noise ratio and highlighting the information of lower plate of fault as main objects,the following processing has been well done:static corrections,prestack noise removing,wavelet shaping,deconvolution and migration;the velocity scanning has been carried out many times in 3 D migration to build more precious migration velocity fields.The resulted seismic data from using the set of mountainous 3 D seismic acquisition and processing methods can meet the needs of seismic data interpretation in that region.
引文
[1] 陆基孟主编.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社,1993
[2] 马在田.三维地震勘探方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[3] CordsenA和PeirceJW著,俞寿朋等译.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工.石油地球物理勘探局,1996
[2] 马在田.三维地震勘探方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[3] CordsenA和PeirceJW著,俞寿朋等译.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工.石油地球物理勘探局,1996
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