储层裂缝发育带的地震综合预测
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摘要
裂缝发育带的准确预测对致密储层的勘探开发具有重要意义。裂缝发育带的多尺度性和岩性变化造成的多解性,增加了储层裂缝发育带的预测难度。文章综合地质、测井、地震等资料进行沉积相分析,预测了储层的空间展布;然后在储层分布区,利用反射强度、边缘检测、相干技术等叠后裂缝检测方法对宏观尺度裂缝发育带进行预测;基于GSM地区的宽方位三维P波地震数据,采用了适用于裂缝检测的分方位处理方法,获得了6个方位的高品质数据,然后利用P波频率属性的方位差异等叠前裂缝检测方法对相对小尺度定向裂缝发育带进行预测。叠前、叠后裂缝检测方法相结合,可以对储层的宏观和微观裂缝发育带作出较好预测,从而降低岩性变化造成的多解性。
Accurate prediction of fractured zones is of great significance to exploration and development of tight reservoirs. The multi-scale of fractured zone and the ambiguity caused by lithologic variation increase the difficulty of prediction of fractured zones. Sedimentary facies analysis and prediction of spatial distribution of reservoirs are performed by integrating geologic, well logging, and seismic data. Several post-stack fracture detection methods, such as reflection strength, edge detection, and coherence technique, are used to predict macro-scale fractured zones in reservoir distribution areas. Based on the broad-azimuth 3D P-wave data acquired in GSM area, the separate-azimuth processing method suitable for fracture detection is used to obtain high quality data of six azimuths. Then the pre-stack fracture detection methods such as the azimuth difference of P-wave frequency attribute is used to predict micro-scale directional fractured zones. The macro and micro fractured zones in reservoirs can be well predicted by integrating the pre- and post-stack fracture detection methods, thus lowering the ambiguity caused by lithologic variations.
Accurate prediction of fractured zones is of great significance to exploration and development of tight reservoirs. The multi-scale of fractured zone and the ambiguity caused by lithologic variation increase the difficulty of prediction of fractured zones. Sedimentary facies analysis and prediction of spatial distribution of reservoirs are performed by integrating geologic, well logging, and seismic data. Several post-stack fracture detection methods, such as reflection strength, edge detection, and coherence technique, are used to predict macro-scale fractured zones in reservoir distribution areas. Based on the broad-azimuth 3D P-wave data acquired in GSM area, the separate-azimuth processing method suitable for fracture detection is used to obtain high quality data of six azimuths. Then the pre-stack fracture detection methods such as the azimuth difference of P-wave frequency attribute is used to predict micro-scale directional fractured zones. The macro and micro fractured zones in reservoirs can be well predicted by integrating the pre- and post-stack fracture detection methods, thus lowering the ambiguity caused by lithologic variations.
引文
[1]马迪生.地震异常有助于寻找裂缝油藏[J].国外油气勘探,1990(1).
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[3]SHEN F,TOKSOZ M N.Scattering characteristics in heterogeneous fractured reservoirs from waveform esti-mation[J].Geophys J Internat,2000,140:251-266.
[4]FENG SHEN,XIANG ZHU,TOKSOZ M N.Effects of fractures on NMO velocities and P-wave azi muthal AVO response[J].Geophysics,2002,67:711-726.
[5]徐旺林.油气藏裂缝型储层预测方法[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3).
[6]秦启荣.裂缝孔隙度数值评价技术[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2).
[2]SCHOENBERG M,SAYERS D S.Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):204-211.
[3]SHEN F,TOKSOZ M N.Scattering characteristics in heterogeneous fractured reservoirs from waveform esti-mation[J].Geophys J Internat,2000,140:251-266.
[4]FENG SHEN,XIANG ZHU,TOKSOZ M N.Effects of fractures on NMO velocities and P-wave azi muthal AVO response[J].Geophysics,2002,67:711-726.
[5]徐旺林.油气藏裂缝型储层预测方法[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3).
[6]秦启荣.裂缝孔隙度数值评价技术[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2).
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