地震叠前反演与直接烃类指示的探讨
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摘要
随着油气勘探的不断深入,岩性油气藏和隐蔽油气藏的勘探开发问题日益受到勘探学家们的关注,地震叠前反演技术成为近年来地震属性分析和反演研究的热点。AVO技术通过分析振幅随偏移距的变化进行岩性和流体识别,交会图分析是AVO异常分析的主要技术手段。包括弹性阻抗反演和叠前同步反演在内的叠前弹性反演技术是AVO技术的主要发展方向,叠前弹性参数反演可以得到更丰富的储层岩性和流体的信息,有利于进行储层的直接烃类检测。结合地震叠前反演技术的发展历程和实际应用,探讨了利用地震叠前反演技术进行油气藏直接烃类检测的技术发展趋势。
With the development of exploration,the geophysicists focus their minds on the exploration and development of lithologic hydro- carbon reservoir and subtle pool.In recent years,seismic pre-stack inversion becomes the hot point of seismic attribute and inversion study.AVO verifies lithology and fluid through analyzing the change rule of amplitude versus offset.In this method,cross plot analysis is the main approach.The pre-stack elastic inversion is the expansion of AVO,including elastic impedance inversion and pre- stack simultaneous inversion.Pre-stack elastic parameter inversion can obtain more abundant information of reservoir lithology and fluid,which is beneficial to the direct hydrocarbon detection.Com- bined with the development history and application of pre-stack in- version technology,the development trend of direct hydrocarbon detection technology by pre-stack inversion was probed.
With the development of exploration,the geophysicists focus their minds on the exploration and development of lithologic hydro- carbon reservoir and subtle pool.In recent years,seismic pre-stack inversion becomes the hot point of seismic attribute and inversion study.AVO verifies lithology and fluid through analyzing the change rule of amplitude versus offset.In this method,cross plot analysis is the main approach.The pre-stack elastic inversion is the expansion of AVO,including elastic impedance inversion and pre- stack simultaneous inversion.Pre-stack elastic parameter inversion can obtain more abundant information of reservoir lithology and fluid,which is beneficial to the direct hydrocarbon detection.Com- bined with the development history and application of pre-stack in- version technology,the development trend of direct hydrocarbon detection technology by pre-stack inversion was probed.
引文
1 Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence[J].Geo- physics,1984,49(10):1637～1648
2 Goodway Y,Downton J.Recent applications of AVO to carbonate reservoirs in the western canadian sedi- mentary basin[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(7): 670～674
3 Castagna J P,Backus M M.AVO analysis—tutorial and review[A].In:Castagna J P,Backus M M.Off- set-dependent reflectivity—theory and practice of AVO analysis[C].Tulsa,USA:SEG,1993,3～37
4 Bortfeld R.Approximation to the reflection and trans- mission coefficients of plane longitudinal and trans- verse waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1961,9 (3):485～503
5 Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology:theory and methods[M].San Francisco:Freeman W H Com- pany,1980.100～160
6 Richards P G,Frasier C W.Scattering of elastic waves from depth-dependent inhomogeneties[J].Geophys- ics,1976,41(2):441～458
7 Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO flu- id detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters[J].Expanded Abstracts of 67~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1997,183～186
8 Connoly P.Elastic impendance[J].The Leading Edge, 1999,18(4):438～452
9 Mallick S.AVO and elastic impendance[J].The Lead- ing Edge,2001,20(10):1094～1104
10 Ozdemir H,Hansen J W,Tyler E.Rock and reservoir parameters from pre-stack inversion of surface seismic data[J].First Break,2006,24(10):83～87
11 Koefoed O.On the effect of Poisson ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3(2):381～387
12 Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations [J].Geophysics,1985,50(5):609～614
13 Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking of rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys- ical Prospecting,1987,35(8):993～1014
14 Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:a 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J]. Geophysics,1994,59(10):1362～1376
15 Castagna J P,Swan H W.Principles of AVO cross- plotting[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(4):337～342
16 Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-versus-off- set variations in gas sands[J].Geophysics,1989,54 (6):680～688
17 Foster D J,Keys R G.Interpreting AVO responses [J].Expanded Abstracts of 69~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999,748～751
18 Young R A,LoPiccolo R D.A comprehensive AVO classification[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(10): 1030～1037
19 Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(1):60～62
20 Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al, Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology pre- diction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63～67
21 Ozdemir H,Ronen S,Olofsson B,et al.Simultaneous muhicomponent AVO inversion[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001, 269～272
22 Ma X Q.Simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data for rock properties using simulated annealing[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(10):1877～1885
23 Dutta T,Mukerji T,Mavko G,et al.Reservoir quali- ty prediction by integrating sequence stratigraphy and rock physics[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006,1811～1815
24 González E F,Mavko G,Mukerii T.Rock physics and multiple-point geostatistics for seismic inversion [J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006,2047～2051
25 Stephen K D,MacBeth C.Inverting for the petro-elas- tic model via seismic history matching[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006, 1688～1692
26 Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J]. Geophysics,2001,66(2):398～412
27黄绪德．油气预测与油气藏描述——地震勘探直接找油气[M]．南京：江苏科技出版社，2003．1～200
28林华根．直接指出油气(DIPOG)的方法思路[J]．中国西部油气地质，2006，2(1)：14～18
29 Batzle M,Han D,Hoffman R.Optimal hydrocarbon indicators[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual In- ternat SEG Mtg,2001,1103～1106
30 Han D,Batzle M.Fizz water and low gas saturated reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):395～398
31 Han D,Batzle M.Gassmann's equation and fluid sat- uration effects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics, 2004,69(2):398～405
32 Wang Y H.Sparseness-constrained least-squares inver- sion:application to seismic wave reconstruction[J]. Geophysics,2003,68(7):1633～1638
2 Goodway Y,Downton J.Recent applications of AVO to carbonate reservoirs in the western canadian sedi- mentary basin[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(7): 670～674
3 Castagna J P,Backus M M.AVO analysis—tutorial and review[A].In:Castagna J P,Backus M M.Off- set-dependent reflectivity—theory and practice of AVO analysis[C].Tulsa,USA:SEG,1993,3～37
4 Bortfeld R.Approximation to the reflection and trans- mission coefficients of plane longitudinal and trans- verse waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1961,9 (3):485～503
5 Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative seismology:theory and methods[M].San Francisco:Freeman W H Com- pany,1980.100～160
6 Richards P G,Frasier C W.Scattering of elastic waves from depth-dependent inhomogeneties[J].Geophys- ics,1976,41(2):441～458
7 Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO flu- id detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters[J].Expanded Abstracts of 67~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1997,183～186
8 Connoly P.Elastic impendance[J].The Leading Edge, 1999,18(4):438～452
9 Mallick S.AVO and elastic impendance[J].The Lead- ing Edge,2001,20(10):1094～1104
10 Ozdemir H,Hansen J W,Tyler E.Rock and reservoir parameters from pre-stack inversion of surface seismic data[J].First Break,2006,24(10):83～87
11 Koefoed O.On the effect of Poisson ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3(2):381～387
12 Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations [J].Geophysics,1985,50(5):609～614
13 Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking of rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys- ical Prospecting,1987,35(8):993～1014
14 Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:a 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J]. Geophysics,1994,59(10):1362～1376
15 Castagna J P,Swan H W.Principles of AVO cross- plotting[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(4):337～342
16 Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-versus-off- set variations in gas sands[J].Geophysics,1989,54 (6):680～688
17 Foster D J,Keys R G.Interpreting AVO responses [J].Expanded Abstracts of 69~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999,748～751
18 Young R A,LoPiccolo R D.A comprehensive AVO classification[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(10): 1030～1037
19 Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(1):60～62
20 Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al, Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology pre- diction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63～67
21 Ozdemir H,Ronen S,Olofsson B,et al.Simultaneous muhicomponent AVO inversion[J].Expanded Ab- stracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001, 269～272
22 Ma X Q.Simultaneous inversion of prestack seismic data for rock properties using simulated annealing[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(10):1877～1885
23 Dutta T,Mukerji T,Mavko G,et al.Reservoir quali- ty prediction by integrating sequence stratigraphy and rock physics[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006,1811～1815
24 González E F,Mavko G,Mukerii T.Rock physics and multiple-point geostatistics for seismic inversion [J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006,2047～2051
25 Stephen K D,MacBeth C.Inverting for the petro-elas- tic model via seismic history matching[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2006, 1688～1692
26 Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J]. Geophysics,2001,66(2):398～412
27黄绪德．油气预测与油气藏描述——地震勘探直接找油气[M]．南京：江苏科技出版社，2003．1～200
28林华根．直接指出油气(DIPOG)的方法思路[J]．中国西部油气地质，2006，2(1)：14～18
29 Batzle M,Han D,Hoffman R.Optimal hydrocarbon indicators[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual In- ternat SEG Mtg,2001,1103～1106
30 Han D,Batzle M.Fizz water and low gas saturated reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):395～398
31 Han D,Batzle M.Gassmann's equation and fluid sat- uration effects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics, 2004,69(2):398～405
32 Wang Y H.Sparseness-constrained least-squares inver- sion:application to seismic wave reconstruction[J]. Geophysics,2003,68(7):1633～1638
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