高精度地震勘探采集技术探讨
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摘要
针对目前高精度地震勘探采集中存在的问题,本文重点从激发、接收、噪声和覆盖次数等方面进行了分析探讨。提出了一些新的认识和建议:①激发耦合问题不要过分强调炸药爆速,要分析围岩介质的特性;②激发井深要从定性的确定方法提高到定量的方法上来;③慎用自然频率较高的检波器,它不仅从根本上丢失了低频段的地震信号,同时对高频信号没有任何改善,反而较大程度地改造了地震信号;④检波器置于井中接收的做法使接收环境和波场变得复杂,最好还是将检波器近地表埋实即可;⑤检波器集中组装、单点接收的做法降低了耦合谐振频率,失去了一次压噪机会,既不利于提高分辨率,又不利于提高信噪比;⑥小面积组合可以有针对性地压制高频段噪声,拓宽优势频带;⑦覆盖次数的选择既要考虑信噪比又要考虑分辨率,同时还要考虑经济效益,在三者之间求平衡。
Faced with the currently existed problems in high-precision seismic exploration acquisition, the discussion and analysis are mainly focused on such issues as shot, receiver, noises and folds and the following knowledge and suggestions are presented :①it should not emphasize the explosive speed of dynamite too much in shot coupling issue and it should analyze the property of surrounding rocks; ②it should change the method determining the depth of shot-hole from qualitative to quantitative methods; ③the geophone having higher natural frequency should be carefully used, because it lost seismic signal with lower frequencies basically and does not improve the high-frequency signals at the same time,on contrary,it greatly reforms the seismic signals;④the method of receiving in geophone-hole makes the receiver environment and wavefield complex, it's better to firmly plant the geophone into near-surface; ⑤the method concentrating the geophones in an array together at single point for receiving decreases harmonica frequency of coupling and lost a noise-eliminated opportunity, which is neither improvement of resolution nor improvement of S/N ratio;⑥the small areal array can purposefully suppress the noises in high frequencies and expand superior band;⑦it should consider both S/N ratio and resolution in the issue of selection of folds and also consider the economic benefits at the same time, it should strike a balance amount these three aspects.
Faced with the currently existed problems in high-precision seismic exploration acquisition, the discussion and analysis are mainly focused on such issues as shot, receiver, noises and folds and the following knowledge and suggestions are presented :①it should not emphasize the explosive speed of dynamite too much in shot coupling issue and it should analyze the property of surrounding rocks; ②it should change the method determining the depth of shot-hole from qualitative to quantitative methods; ③the geophone having higher natural frequency should be carefully used, because it lost seismic signal with lower frequencies basically and does not improve the high-frequency signals at the same time,on contrary,it greatly reforms the seismic signals;④the method of receiving in geophone-hole makes the receiver environment and wavefield complex, it's better to firmly plant the geophone into near-surface; ⑤the method concentrating the geophones in an array together at single point for receiving decreases harmonica frequency of coupling and lost a noise-eliminated opportunity, which is neither improvement of resolution nor improvement of S/N ratio;⑥the small areal array can purposefully suppress the noises in high frequencies and expand superior band;⑦it should consider both S/N ratio and resolution in the issue of selection of folds and also consider the economic benefits at the same time, it should strike a balance amount these three aspects.
引文
[1] 赵殿栋等．高精度三维地震勘探采集技术．石油物探, 2001,40(1):2-6
[2] 蒋连斌等．高分辨率三维开发地震采集技术在太190 区块的应用．石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):4-437
[3]何樵登．地震勘探原理与方法．北京:地质出版社, 1986
[4] 吴三灵．实用振动试验技术．北京:兵器工业出版社, 1993,46-47
[5] 赵殿栋等．地震勘探特殊震源研制与应用．石油地球 物理勘探,2001,36(4):386-388
[6] 吕公河．地震勘探虚反射界面的测定及其利用．石油 地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):297-298
[7] 吕公河等．黄土塬地区地震勘探采集技术．石油物探, 2001,40(2):85-88
[8]吴铭东等．塔河1号油田高分辨率地震勘探采集试 验.石油物探,2000,39(4):49-56
[9]孙玉声．振动传感器．西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1991
[10] 吕公河．地震勘探中振动问题分析．石油物探,2002, 41(2):154-157
[11] 吕公河等．地震数据采集井中接收的“伪陷波”效应． 石油物探,2000,39(3):87-91
[12]倪振华．振动力学．西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989
[13] 吕公河.地震勘探次生干扰弹性动力学分析．石油物 探,2001,40(3):76-81
[14] 李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路．北京:石油工业出版 社,1994
[2] 蒋连斌等．高分辨率三维开发地震采集技术在太190 区块的应用．石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):4-437
[3]何樵登．地震勘探原理与方法．北京:地质出版社, 1986
[4] 吴三灵．实用振动试验技术．北京:兵器工业出版社, 1993,46-47
[5] 赵殿栋等．地震勘探特殊震源研制与应用．石油地球 物理勘探,2001,36(4):386-388
[6] 吕公河．地震勘探虚反射界面的测定及其利用．石油 地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):297-298
[7] 吕公河等．黄土塬地区地震勘探采集技术．石油物探, 2001,40(2):85-88
[8]吴铭东等．塔河1号油田高分辨率地震勘探采集试 验.石油物探,2000,39(4):49-56
[9]孙玉声．振动传感器．西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1991
[10] 吕公河．地震勘探中振动问题分析．石油物探,2002, 41(2):154-157
[11] 吕公河等．地震数据采集井中接收的“伪陷波”效应． 石油物探,2000,39(3):87-91
[12]倪振华．振动力学．西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989
[13] 吕公河.地震勘探次生干扰弹性动力学分析．石油物 探,2001,40(3):76-81
[14] 李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路．北京:石油工业出版 社,1994
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