天山与阴山─燕山造山带的深部结构和地震
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摘要
天山与阴山-燕山是中国北部两个重要山系，它们几乎位于同一纬度。天山造山带是一个著名的地震活动带，而阴山-燕山断隆带历史上不但没有大地震发生，小地震也不多见，是一个地震空白区。这两个造山带地震活动性的差异与它们在时、空域中的构造环境相联系：中国的西部处于强烈的挤压环境，而东部为一伸展与走滑环境。天山造山带是中、新生代造山带，目前构造活动水平较高；而阴山-燕山造山带新生代以来已经成为东北稳定块体的一部分，其构造活动的鼎盛期已经过去，目前构造活动水平较低。地震的孕育、发生与深部构造环境密切相关。天山地震带的地壳内部，发育壳内高导层与低速层，地壳结构复杂；阴山-燕山造山带下面没有发现壳内高导层与低速层，整个地壳结构比较简单。壳内低速层、高导层的存在表明地质构造活动强烈，是地震带的重要标志之一，也是地震孕育、发生的深部动力学条件。
Located at almost the same latitude, the Tianshan and the Yinshan - Yanshan are two important orogenic belts in northern China. The Tianshan orogenic belt within Chinese territory is situated in the northwestern China. It is also well known as a seismic zone. While the Yinshan - Yanshan orogenic belt is situated in the northeastern China. Small earthquakes have occurred scarcely in this belt, and no big one has taken place in the history which make this region a seismic blank area. The authors' research work shows that the differences in seis-micity are related to the tectonic environments. A compression envirorimnt exists in the north-western China and an extension environment in the northeastern China. As a Mesozoic and Cenozoic orogenic belt, the Tianshan orogenic belt exhibits a high tectonic activity at the mo-ment, while as a Proterozoic orogenic belt, the Yinshan - Yanshan orogenic belt has already passed its peak period of tectonic activity and only processes a lower level of tectonic activity at present. The development and occurrence of earthquakes are closely related to the deep struc-tures. The crust of the Tianshan orogenic belt develops the high conductivity layers and the correspondent lower velocity zones which make the crust to be very comlicated. In the Yin-shan- Yanshan orogenic belt, however, no high conductivity layers and lower velocity zone have been found there, so the crust structure is very simple. The existence of the high conduc-tivity layers and the lower velocity zones indicates that the tectonic activity is strong, which may provide a favourable condition for the development and occurrence of earthquakes.
Located at almost the same latitude, the Tianshan and the Yinshan - Yanshan are two important orogenic belts in northern China. The Tianshan orogenic belt within Chinese territory is situated in the northwestern China. It is also well known as a seismic zone. While the Yinshan - Yanshan orogenic belt is situated in the northeastern China. Small earthquakes have occurred scarcely in this belt, and no big one has taken place in the history which make this region a seismic blank area. The authors' research work shows that the differences in seis-micity are related to the tectonic environments. A compression envirorimnt exists in the north-western China and an extension environment in the northeastern China. As a Mesozoic and Cenozoic orogenic belt, the Tianshan orogenic belt exhibits a high tectonic activity at the mo-ment, while as a Proterozoic orogenic belt, the Yinshan - Yanshan orogenic belt has already passed its peak period of tectonic activity and only processes a lower level of tectonic activity at present. The development and occurrence of earthquakes are closely related to the deep struc-tures. The crust of the Tianshan orogenic belt develops the high conductivity layers and the correspondent lower velocity zones which make the crust to be very comlicated. In the Yin-shan- Yanshan orogenic belt, however, no high conductivity layers and lower velocity zone have been found there, so the crust structure is very simple. The existence of the high conduc-tivity layers and the lower velocity zones indicates that the tectonic activity is strong, which may provide a favourable condition for the development and occurrence of earthquakes.
引文
1马宗晋.中国地震活动图像构造解释图及其说明书.北京:中国地图出版社,1991
2马杏垣.江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面说明书北京:地震出版社,1991
3赵俊猛.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程:[博士学位论文]北京:中国地震局地质研究所,1998
4Emily A Neil,Gregory A Houseman.Geodynamics of the Tarim Basin and Tian Shan in central Asia.Tectonics,1997,16(4):571～584
5卢造勋,刘国栋,位梦华,等辽南地区地壳与上地幔介质的横向不均匀性与海城7.3级地震.地震学报,1990,12(4):367～378
6曾融生,张少泉,周海南,等、唐山地震区的地壳结构及大陆地震成因的探讨.地震学报,1985,7(2):125～142
7Lu Z X, Xia H K. Geoscience Transect from Dong Ujimuqin Qi(Inner Mongolia)to Donggou(Liaoning)ChineseJournal of Geophysics,1994,37(2): 259～268
8刘国栋,顾群,史书林,等京津唐渤和周围地区地壳上地幔电性结构及其与地震活动性的关系地球物理学报,1994,26:149～157
9冯锐.对华北岩石圈构造的综合研究科学通报,1987(22):18～23
10马宗晋,高祥林.大陆多震层的研究与震源体的破裂发展见:马宗晋主编国际大陆多震层学术讨论会选集.北京:地震出版社,1992.1～8
11陈学波,吴玉荣,李金森,等邢台地震震中区深浅构造关系的研究见:地壳构造与地壳应力文集北京:地震出版社,1988.143～158
12徐杰,洪汉净,赵国泽.华北平原新生代裂谷盆地的演化及动力学特征见:现代地壳运动研究(1)北京:地质出版社, 1985.24～30
13王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等华北盆地滑脱构造的地学证据地球物理学报,1994,37:618～620
2马杏垣.江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面说明书北京:地震出版社,1991
3赵俊猛.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程:[博士学位论文]北京:中国地震局地质研究所,1998
4Emily A Neil,Gregory A Houseman.Geodynamics of the Tarim Basin and Tian Shan in central Asia.Tectonics,1997,16(4):571～584
5卢造勋,刘国栋,位梦华,等辽南地区地壳与上地幔介质的横向不均匀性与海城7.3级地震.地震学报,1990,12(4):367～378
6曾融生,张少泉,周海南,等、唐山地震区的地壳结构及大陆地震成因的探讨.地震学报,1985,7(2):125～142
7Lu Z X, Xia H K. Geoscience Transect from Dong Ujimuqin Qi(Inner Mongolia)to Donggou(Liaoning)ChineseJournal of Geophysics,1994,37(2): 259～268
8刘国栋,顾群,史书林,等京津唐渤和周围地区地壳上地幔电性结构及其与地震活动性的关系地球物理学报,1994,26:149～157
9冯锐.对华北岩石圈构造的综合研究科学通报,1987(22):18～23
10马宗晋,高祥林.大陆多震层的研究与震源体的破裂发展见:马宗晋主编国际大陆多震层学术讨论会选集.北京:地震出版社,1992.1～8
11陈学波,吴玉荣,李金森,等邢台地震震中区深浅构造关系的研究见:地壳构造与地壳应力文集北京:地震出版社,1988.143～158
12徐杰,洪汉净,赵国泽.华北平原新生代裂谷盆地的演化及动力学特征见:现代地壳运动研究(1)北京:地质出版社, 1985.24～30
13王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等华北盆地滑脱构造的地学证据地球物理学报,1994,37:618～620
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