复杂地表复杂地下地区地震成像技术研究
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摘要
针对我国南方复杂地表和复杂地下地区的地震勘探难点,开展了偏移成像技术研究。首先对偏移算法进行了论述,推导出叠前时间偏移中的旅行时计算方法和加权因子计算方法,提出了非对称旅行时计算思想,使起伏地表直接 Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移技术能够适应速度的较强横向变化;然后讨论了全速度模型建立技术(浅中深层速度融合技术),给出了起伏地表条件下综合建立速度模型的实现流程;最后给出了起伏地表叠前深度偏移的 Fourier 有限差分延拓算子,实现了起伏地表的叠前深度偏移。利用合成地震数据和实际数据验证了方法的有效性和实用性。
Aiming at seismic survey difficulties in complex surface and subsurface areas of South China,seismic migration and imaging techniques are studied.First,migration algorithms are discussed and the methods to calcu- late travel-time and weighting factor are derived for pre-stack time migration,presenting an idea of calculating asymmetrical travel-time,which can allow Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration directly from rugged topography to match higher lateral changes of velocity.Second,a technique to build an overall velocity model(a technique to integrate shallow,middle and deep velocity into a model)is discussed,resulting in a workflow to build a compre- hensive velocity model under a condition of rugged topography.Finally,the continuation operator of Fourier finite difference has been developed for the pre-stack depth migration directly from rugged topography.All the pro- posed methods have been verified with synthetic and real seismic data.
Aiming at seismic survey difficulties in complex surface and subsurface areas of South China,seismic migration and imaging techniques are studied.First,migration algorithms are discussed and the methods to calcu- late travel-time and weighting factor are derived for pre-stack time migration,presenting an idea of calculating asymmetrical travel-time,which can allow Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration directly from rugged topography to match higher lateral changes of velocity.Second,a technique to build an overall velocity model(a technique to integrate shallow,middle and deep velocity into a model)is discussed,resulting in a workflow to build a compre- hensive velocity model under a condition of rugged topography.Finally,the continuation operator of Fourier finite difference has been developed for the pre-stack depth migration directly from rugged topography.All the pro- posed methods have been verified with synthetic and real seismic data.
引文
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6 Rajasekaran S,McMechan G A.Prestack processing of land data with complex topography[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6) :1 875-1 856
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10 Gurevich B,Keydar S,Landa E.Multifocusing imaging over an irregular topography[J].Geophysics ,2002,67(2) :639-643
11 Jaeger C,Hertweck T,Spinner M.True-amplitude Kirchhoff migration from topography[Z].Expanded Abstracts of 73~(th)Annual In- ternat SEG Mtg,2003． 909-912
12 Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(12) :1 882-1 893
13 Liu Jiangping,Xia Jianghai,Chen Chao.Combining elevation and NMO corrections to shallow seismic reflection data on rugged topography[Z].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2003． 1 259-1 262
14 方伍宝,孙建国.复杂条件下的深度成像技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(6) :816～822
15 孙成龙,方伍宝,孔祥宁,等.深度一射线域偏移速度分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :461～464
16 李振春,姚云霞,马在田,等.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) .86～93
17 闫相宾,管路平,王世星.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的地震响应特征及预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :828～835
18 黄绪宝,顾汉明.塔河油田南部缝洞储层的正演模拟及地震波场特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :836～840
2 王世青,盂小红,王双喜,等.兴安岭山地低信噪比地震资料处理技术分析[J].石油物探,2007,46(2) :187～192
3 王克斌,赵灵芝,张旭民.折射静校正在苏里格气田三维处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(2) :248～251
4 林伯香,肖万富,李博.层析静校正在黄土塬弯宽线资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(4) :417～420
5 江凡,杨锴,程玖兵.复杂地表有限差分波动方程向上基准面校正[J].石油物探,2006,45(1) :15～20
6 Rajasekaran S,McMechan G A.Prestack processing of land data with complex topography[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6) :1 875-1 856
7 Geiger H D,Bancroft J C.Equivalent offset prestack migration for rugged topography[Z].Expanded Abstracts 66~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1996． 447-450
8 Margrave G,Yao Z.Downward extrapolation from topography with a laterally variable depth step[Z].Expanded Abstracts of 70~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2000． 481-484
9 Mi Y,Margrave G.Prestack depth imaging from topography with a Fourier method[Z].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(th)Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2001． 1 045-1 048
10 Gurevich B,Keydar S,Landa E.Multifocusing imaging over an irregular topography[J].Geophysics ,2002,67(2) :639-643
11 Jaeger C,Hertweck T,Spinner M.True-amplitude Kirchhoff migration from topography[Z].Expanded Abstracts of 73~(th)Annual In- ternat SEG Mtg,2003． 909-912
12 Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(12) :1 882-1 893
13 Liu Jiangping,Xia Jianghai,Chen Chao.Combining elevation and NMO corrections to shallow seismic reflection data on rugged topography[Z].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2003． 1 259-1 262
14 方伍宝,孙建国.复杂条件下的深度成像技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(6) :816～822
15 孙成龙,方伍宝,孔祥宁,等.深度一射线域偏移速度分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5) :461～464
16 李振春,姚云霞,马在田,等.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1) .86～93
17 闫相宾,管路平,王世星.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统的地震响应特征及预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :828～835
18 黄绪宝,顾汉明.塔河油田南部缝洞储层的正演模拟及地震波场特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :836～840
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