地震技术识别与描述超薄储层的潜力与局限
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摘要
鉴于目前石油行业广泛使用综合地质、测井、地震等多学科数据建立储层地质模型的事实,明确开发地震 方法与技术的性质及其使用范围,以避免地质决策失误是十分必要的。为此有必要对开发地震方法中的某些应 用技术的基本原理和应用条件进行深入的基础性研究。文中对以下涉及开发地震方法的技术基础问题进行了 探讨:①讨论了介质的不均质尺度与用于探测的地震波波长的关系;②讨论了作为储层研究目标的地质-地球 物理模型,认为地质层序体及其旋回性结构的地震响应将构成新的旋回性地震层序模型;③讨论了地震数据对 层序体的分辨能力,认为要提高地震资料分辨率,应使地震信号频带按层序级别的频率间隔跳跃式地向高频扩 展,否则改进的分辨率是无意义的;④讨论了储层目标地震信号的频率选择问题,认为检测不同尺度的反射目 标,选择的接收方法也应不同,厚层应利用低频频段,薄层应利用高频频段;⑤提出了多尺度目标识别依据,不 同尺度地质体其地震响应的响应频率不同、在频率轴上成像位置不同,通过使用有选择的处理系统,可以识别 与描述不同尺度的地质体;⑥讨论了高分辨率开发地震技术的研究步骤、层序框架下的地震解释思路,探讨了 不同研究尺度的多学科数据集合问题,指出了各种方法的局限性及研究方向。
In view of the fact that widely using multidis-ciplinary data (geologic, logging and seismic) to build up geologic models of reservoir currently in petroleum industry, it is necessary to define the property of developing seismic methods and techniques and its used scope so that can avoid the mistake in geologic decision. For that reason,it is necessary to carry out deep basic study for basic principles and applied conditions of some application techniques in developing seismic methods. The paper approached the following technical basic issues of developing seismic methods: (1)discussed the relationship between heterogeneous degree of medium and detection-used seismic wavelength;(2)discussed geologic-geophysical models taking as objects reservoir studied, which considered that geologic sequential body and seismic response of its cyclical structure would constitute a new cyclical seismic sequence model;(3)discussed recognized ability of sequential body by seismic response,which considered that it should make the band of seismic signal expand to higher frequency skippingly according to frequency interval of sequential rank if want to improve the resolution of seismic data,otherwise, improvement of the resolution is meaningless ;(4) discussed the issue of selecting the frequen cy of seismic signal in reservoir object, considered that the selected receiving method is different when different size of reflection object is detected, lower frequency band should be used for thicker layer while higher band should be used for thinner layer; (5)presented recognition basis for multi-scale objects and considered that geologic body in different size has different frequency response in seismic response and different imaging position in frequency axe and that the geologic body in different size could be recognized and described by using selective processing system;(6) the paper also deeply discussed the studying steps of high-resolution developing seismic techniques and seismic interpretation ideas under sequential framework, approached the issue of multidisciplinary data set for different studying scale and pointed out the limitation of different methods and research direction.
In view of the fact that widely using multidis-ciplinary data (geologic, logging and seismic) to build up geologic models of reservoir currently in petroleum industry, it is necessary to define the property of developing seismic methods and techniques and its used scope so that can avoid the mistake in geologic decision. For that reason,it is necessary to carry out deep basic study for basic principles and applied conditions of some application techniques in developing seismic methods. The paper approached the following technical basic issues of developing seismic methods: (1)discussed the relationship between heterogeneous degree of medium and detection-used seismic wavelength;(2)discussed geologic-geophysical models taking as objects reservoir studied, which considered that geologic sequential body and seismic response of its cyclical structure would constitute a new cyclical seismic sequence model;(3)discussed recognized ability of sequential body by seismic response,which considered that it should make the band of seismic signal expand to higher frequency skippingly according to frequency interval of sequential rank if want to improve the resolution of seismic data,otherwise, improvement of the resolution is meaningless ;(4) discussed the issue of selecting the frequen cy of seismic signal in reservoir object, considered that the selected receiving method is different when different size of reflection object is detected, lower frequency band should be used for thicker layer while higher band should be used for thinner layer; (5)presented recognition basis for multi-scale objects and considered that geologic body in different size has different frequency response in seismic response and different imaging position in frequency axe and that the geologic body in different size could be recognized and described by using selective processing system;(6) the paper also deeply discussed the studying steps of high-resolution developing seismic techniques and seismic interpretation ideas under sequential framework, approached the issue of multidisciplinary data set for different studying scale and pointed out the limitation of different methods and research direction.
引文
[1]王捷主编．油藏描述技术——勘探阶段．北京:石油 工业出版社,1996
[2]杜世通主编．地震波动力学．山东东营:石油大学出版 社,1996
[3] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties, Part 1 :A data-driven interpretation methodology. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(5):305-310
[4] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties , Part 2: Using artificial neural networks for nonlinear attribute calibration. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(6):674-678
[5] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties , Part 3: A controlled study. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(7) :770-776
[6] Brian Russell et al. Multiattribute seismic analysis. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(10):1439-1443
[7] Quincy C and Steve S. Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecasting and monitoring. The Lead-ing Edge, 1997,16(5) :445-456
[8] Catherine L. Seismic attribute for reservoir monitoring. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(5) :459-469
[9] Phillippe M D. Porosity from seismic data: a geosta-tistical approach. Geophysics, 1988, 10 (6): 1263 -1275
[10] Hirsche K et al. Avoiding pitfalls in geostatistical reservoir characterization: A survival guide. The Leading Edge, 1998,17(4):493- 504
[11] Maria Angela Capello de P and Michael B. Rock physics in seismic monitoring. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9):1255-1260
[12] Wayne D P. Seismic petrophysics: An applied science for reservoir geophysics. The Leading Edge, 1997, 16(3):241-244
[13] Cynthia T K. Potential risks when using seismic attributes as predictors of reservoir properties. The Leading Edge,1997,16(3):247-251
[14] Keith H et al. The use and abuse of geostatistics. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(3):253-260
[15] Richard L et al. Petroleum geostatistics for nongeo-statisticians.Part 1. The Leading Edge,2000,19(5): 474-479
[16] Richard L et al. Petroleum geostatistics for nongeo-statisticians,Part 2. The Leading Edge,2000,19(6): 592-599
[17] Chip S et al. Liuhua 11-1 Field,South China Sea: A ultrahigh-resolution 3-D seismic, inversion, and attribute-based reservoir modeling. The Leading Edge, 2000,19(8) : 834-844
[18] Gluck S et al. Multichannel 3D stratigraphic inversion of post stack seismic data. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1793-1796
[19] Paulo J et al. 3D-reservoir characterization by strati-graphic inversion and pattern recognition. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1797-1800
[20] Steven C and Paul f. 3-D reservoir characterization with horizon visualization and inversion animation. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(12):1744-1748
[21] William E G. Clastic depositional systems and sequence : Application to reservoir prediction, delineation, and characterization. The Leading Edge, 1998. 17(2):173-180
[22] Mushin J A. Structure formation interpretation of seismic data. NEDRO(Russian) ,1990
[23] Shitong D. Joint inversion and its application in seismic sequence analysis. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1991-1994
[24] 杜世通．地震层序模型与地震资料高分辨率处理．勘 探家(石油与天然气)——油气勘探进展丛书．北京: 石油工业出版社,1998,17-23
[25] Sandra K et al. Integrating 3-D seismic imaging and seismic attribute analysis with genetic stratigraphy: implications for infield reserve growth and field extension, Budare Field, Venezuela. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9):1338-1339
[26] Gluck S et al. High-resolution impedance layering through 3-D stratigraphic inversion of poststack seismic data. The Leading Edge, 1997,16 (9): 1309-1315
[27] Rebecca B L et al. An interpreter's guide to understanding and working with seismic-derived acoustic impedance data. The Leading Edge,2000,19(3):242 - 256
[28] Rijks E J H and Jauffred J C E M. Attribute extraction: An important application in any detailed 3-D interpretation study. Seismic interpretation series 29, Published by SEG, 1990-1992
[2]杜世通主编．地震波动力学．山东东营:石油大学出版 社,1996
[3] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties, Part 1 :A data-driven interpretation methodology. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(5):305-310
[4] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties , Part 2: Using artificial neural networks for nonlinear attribute calibration. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(6):674-678
[5] Philip S S et al. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties , Part 3: A controlled study. The Leading Edge, 1994,13(7) :770-776
[6] Brian Russell et al. Multiattribute seismic analysis. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(10):1439-1443
[7] Quincy C and Steve S. Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecasting and monitoring. The Lead-ing Edge, 1997,16(5) :445-456
[8] Catherine L. Seismic attribute for reservoir monitoring. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(5) :459-469
[9] Phillippe M D. Porosity from seismic data: a geosta-tistical approach. Geophysics, 1988, 10 (6): 1263 -1275
[10] Hirsche K et al. Avoiding pitfalls in geostatistical reservoir characterization: A survival guide. The Leading Edge, 1998,17(4):493- 504
[11] Maria Angela Capello de P and Michael B. Rock physics in seismic monitoring. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9):1255-1260
[12] Wayne D P. Seismic petrophysics: An applied science for reservoir geophysics. The Leading Edge, 1997, 16(3):241-244
[13] Cynthia T K. Potential risks when using seismic attributes as predictors of reservoir properties. The Leading Edge,1997,16(3):247-251
[14] Keith H et al. The use and abuse of geostatistics. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(3):253-260
[15] Richard L et al. Petroleum geostatistics for nongeo-statisticians.Part 1. The Leading Edge,2000,19(5): 474-479
[16] Richard L et al. Petroleum geostatistics for nongeo-statisticians,Part 2. The Leading Edge,2000,19(6): 592-599
[17] Chip S et al. Liuhua 11-1 Field,South China Sea: A ultrahigh-resolution 3-D seismic, inversion, and attribute-based reservoir modeling. The Leading Edge, 2000,19(8) : 834-844
[18] Gluck S et al. Multichannel 3D stratigraphic inversion of post stack seismic data. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1793-1796
[19] Paulo J et al. 3D-reservoir characterization by strati-graphic inversion and pattern recognition. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1797-1800
[20] Steven C and Paul f. 3-D reservoir characterization with horizon visualization and inversion animation. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(12):1744-1748
[21] William E G. Clastic depositional systems and sequence : Application to reservoir prediction, delineation, and characterization. The Leading Edge, 1998. 17(2):173-180
[22] Mushin J A. Structure formation interpretation of seismic data. NEDRO(Russian) ,1990
[23] Shitong D. Joint inversion and its application in seismic sequence analysis. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Mtg, 1996,1991-1994
[24] 杜世通．地震层序模型与地震资料高分辨率处理．勘 探家(石油与天然气)——油气勘探进展丛书．北京: 石油工业出版社,1998,17-23
[25] Sandra K et al. Integrating 3-D seismic imaging and seismic attribute analysis with genetic stratigraphy: implications for infield reserve growth and field extension, Budare Field, Venezuela. The Leading Edge, 1997,16(9):1338-1339
[26] Gluck S et al. High-resolution impedance layering through 3-D stratigraphic inversion of poststack seismic data. The Leading Edge, 1997,16 (9): 1309-1315
[27] Rebecca B L et al. An interpreter's guide to understanding and working with seismic-derived acoustic impedance data. The Leading Edge,2000,19(3):242 - 256
[28] Rijks E J H and Jauffred J C E M. Attribute extraction: An important application in any detailed 3-D interpretation study. Seismic interpretation series 29, Published by SEG, 1990-1992
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