从多相介质的角度看勘探地震与开发地震波动方程的差异
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摘要
勘探地震以研究储液构造为目的,开发地震以研究储液构造细节及构造内流体储存特征为目的。本文在正确阐述地层压力物理概念的基础上,首先推导出具有普遍意义的二组分复合不均匀介质运动方程,在此基础上推导出勘探地震与开发地震的位移运动方程。两者的主要区别在于预应力项的不同,勘探地震的预应力是多相介质中弹性波传播中各种因素的综合效应所引起的等效阻尼力梯度对第二相介质做的“功”,开发地震的预应力是孔隙压力梯度对第二相介质做的“功”。
Exploration seismology takes the study of reservoir structure as object and development seis-mology takes the study of details of reservoir structure and feature of fluid reserve in structure. On the basis of correctly describing the physical conception of sedimentary press,the paper first de-duced motion equation in bi-component composite uneven medium and further deduced displacement motion equation in exploration seismology and development seismology on that basis. The difference between both of them lies in different prestress. the prestress in exploration seismology is "work" that gradient of equivalent damping force caused by combinational effects of different factors during propagation of elastic wave in multi-phase medium applies on second phase's medium; and the prestress in development seismology is "work" that gradient of porosity pressure applies on second phase's medium.
Exploration seismology takes the study of reservoir structure as object and development seis-mology takes the study of details of reservoir structure and feature of fluid reserve in structure. On the basis of correctly describing the physical conception of sedimentary press,the paper first de-duced motion equation in bi-component composite uneven medium and further deduced displacement motion equation in exploration seismology and development seismology on that basis. The difference between both of them lies in different prestress. the prestress in exploration seismology is "work" that gradient of equivalent damping force caused by combinational effects of different factors during propagation of elastic wave in multi-phase medium applies on second phase's medium; and the prestress in development seismology is "work" that gradient of porosity pressure applies on second phase's medium.
引文
[1] Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated solid. Ⅰ-Low frequency range. J A-coust Soc Am, 1956a,28:168-178
[2] Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated solid. Ⅱ-Higher frequency range. J Acoust Soc Am,1956b,28:179-191
[3] Biot M A. Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in Porous Media. J Applied Physics, 1962,33:1482-1498
[4] Rice J R and Cleary M P. Some basie stress diffusion solutions for fluid-saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents. Reviews of Geo-physics and Space Physics,1976,14:227-241
[5] Bell M L and Nur A. Strength changes due to reser-voir-induced pore pressure and stresses and applica-tion to Lake Oroville. Journal of geophysical Re-search, 1978,83(B9) :4469-4483
[6] 龚钢延.孔隙压力扩散与水库诱发地震活动性的初步研究.西北地震学报,1988,10:52～59
[7] Bilgeri D and Ademeno E B. Predicting abnormally pressured sedimentary rocks. Geophys Prosp, 1982, 30:608-621
[8] Swan H W. Velocities from amplitude variations with offset. Geophysics, 2001,66:1735-1743
[9] Kan T K and Swan H W. Geopressure prediction from automatically-derived seismic velocities. Geo-physics ,2001,66:1937-1946
[10] Dutta N C and Amal R. Image of geopressured rocksusing velocity and acoustic impedance inversion ofseismic data. Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997
[11] Vern R, Liang L and Hilterman F. Significance ofgeopres sure in predicting lithology. The LeadingEdge, 1998,18:227-236
[12] Kan T K and Kilsdonk B. 3D geopressure analysis inthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge,1999,19:502-508
[13] Bruce B and Bowers G. Pore pressure terminology.The Leading Edge, 2002,21:170-173．
[14] Bowers G L. Detecting high overpressure.The Leading Edge, 2002, 21:174-177
[15] Zimmer M, Prssad M and Mavko G. Pressure andporosity influences on vp-vs ratio in unconsolidatedsands.The Leading Edge,2002,21:178-183
[16] Lupa J and Flemings P. Pressure and trap integrity inthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge,2002,21:184-187
[17] Colin N S,Marta J W and Robert C B. Seismic pore-pressure prediction using reflection tomography and4-C seismic data. The Leading Edge,2002,21:188-192
[18] Dutta N C. Deepwater geohazard prediction usingprestack inversion of large offset P-wave data androck model. The Leading Edge,2002,21:193-198
[19] Alan R. The future of pore-pressure prediction usinggeophysical methods. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21:199-205
[20] MacBeth C. Azimuthal variation in P-wave signaturesdue to fluid flow.Geophysics, 1999,64:1181-1191
[21] Akar N,Mavko,Gary N A and Dvorkin J. Seismicsignatures of reservoir transport properties and porefluid distribution. Geophysics,1994,59:1222-1236
[22] Gurevich B,Vadim B Z and Lopatnikov S L. Seismicattenuation in finely layered porous rocks: Effects offluid flow and scattering. Geophysics, 1997, 62:319-324
[23] Bachrach R and Nur A. High-resolution shallow-seis-mic experiments in sand, part Ⅰ : water table, fluidflow and saturation. Geophysics, 1998,63:1225-1233
[24] Bachrach R and Nur A. High-resolution shallow-seis-mic experiments in sand,part Ⅱ :velocities in shallowunconsolidated sand. Geophysics, 1998, 63: 1234-1240
[25] Gist G A. Interpreting laboratory velocity measure-ments in partially gas-saturated rocks. Geophysics,1994,59:1100-1109
[26] Lee D S, Stevenson V M, Johnston P F and Mullen CE. Time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography to char-acterize flow structure in the reservoir during thethermal. Geophysics,1995,60:660-666
[27] 沈平平.油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[28] Bourbie T, Coussy O and Zinszner B. Acoustics of porous media. Technip,1987
[29] 巴斯宁耶夫等(苏)著,张永一等译.地下流体力学.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[30] Boit M A. Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media. Journal of Applied Physics,1962,.33:1482-1498
[31] 蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术.北京:科学出版社,2000
[32] 马科斯·怀斯编,马谨等译.地球的应力.北京:科学出版社,1984
[33] 钱伟长,叶开元.弹性力学.北京:科学出版社,1956
[34] Kovacs H著,马正明,王建力等译.大地工程
[2] Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated solid. Ⅱ-Higher frequency range. J Acoust Soc Am,1956b,28:179-191
[3] Biot M A. Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in Porous Media. J Applied Physics, 1962,33:1482-1498
[4] Rice J R and Cleary M P. Some basie stress diffusion solutions for fluid-saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents. Reviews of Geo-physics and Space Physics,1976,14:227-241
[5] Bell M L and Nur A. Strength changes due to reser-voir-induced pore pressure and stresses and applica-tion to Lake Oroville. Journal of geophysical Re-search, 1978,83(B9) :4469-4483
[6] 龚钢延.孔隙压力扩散与水库诱发地震活动性的初步研究.西北地震学报,1988,10:52～59
[7] Bilgeri D and Ademeno E B. Predicting abnormally pressured sedimentary rocks. Geophys Prosp, 1982, 30:608-621
[8] Swan H W. Velocities from amplitude variations with offset. Geophysics, 2001,66:1735-1743
[9] Kan T K and Swan H W. Geopressure prediction from automatically-derived seismic velocities. Geo-physics ,2001,66:1937-1946
[10] Dutta N C and Amal R. Image of geopressured rocksusing velocity and acoustic impedance inversion ofseismic data. Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997
[11] Vern R, Liang L and Hilterman F. Significance ofgeopres sure in predicting lithology. The LeadingEdge, 1998,18:227-236
[12] Kan T K and Kilsdonk B. 3D geopressure analysis inthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge,1999,19:502-508
[13] Bruce B and Bowers G. Pore pressure terminology.The Leading Edge, 2002,21:170-173．
[14] Bowers G L. Detecting high overpressure.The Leading Edge, 2002, 21:174-177
[15] Zimmer M, Prssad M and Mavko G. Pressure andporosity influences on vp-vs ratio in unconsolidatedsands.The Leading Edge,2002,21:178-183
[16] Lupa J and Flemings P. Pressure and trap integrity inthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge,2002,21:184-187
[17] Colin N S,Marta J W and Robert C B. Seismic pore-pressure prediction using reflection tomography and4-C seismic data. The Leading Edge,2002,21:188-192
[18] Dutta N C. Deepwater geohazard prediction usingprestack inversion of large offset P-wave data androck model. The Leading Edge,2002,21:193-198
[19] Alan R. The future of pore-pressure prediction usinggeophysical methods. The Leading Edge, 2002, 21:199-205
[20] MacBeth C. Azimuthal variation in P-wave signaturesdue to fluid flow.Geophysics, 1999,64:1181-1191
[21] Akar N,Mavko,Gary N A and Dvorkin J. Seismicsignatures of reservoir transport properties and porefluid distribution. Geophysics,1994,59:1222-1236
[22] Gurevich B,Vadim B Z and Lopatnikov S L. Seismicattenuation in finely layered porous rocks: Effects offluid flow and scattering. Geophysics, 1997, 62:319-324
[23] Bachrach R and Nur A. High-resolution shallow-seis-mic experiments in sand, part Ⅰ : water table, fluidflow and saturation. Geophysics, 1998,63:1225-1233
[24] Bachrach R and Nur A. High-resolution shallow-seis-mic experiments in sand,part Ⅱ :velocities in shallowunconsolidated sand. Geophysics, 1998, 63: 1234-1240
[25] Gist G A. Interpreting laboratory velocity measure-ments in partially gas-saturated rocks. Geophysics,1994,59:1100-1109
[26] Lee D S, Stevenson V M, Johnston P F and Mullen CE. Time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography to char-acterize flow structure in the reservoir during thethermal. Geophysics,1995,60:660-666
[27] 沈平平.油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[28] Bourbie T, Coussy O and Zinszner B. Acoustics of porous media. Technip,1987
[29] 巴斯宁耶夫等(苏)著,张永一等译.地下流体力学.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[30] Boit M A. Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media. Journal of Applied Physics,1962,.33:1482-1498
[31] 蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术.北京:科学出版社,2000
[32] 马科斯·怀斯编,马谨等译.地球的应力.北京:科学出版社,1984
[33] 钱伟长,叶开元.弹性力学.北京:科学出版社,1956
[34] Kovacs H著,马正明,王建力等译.大地工程
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