张北地震在北京市激发的二维强地面运动的模拟
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摘要
张北县距离北京市约200多km,1998年1月的张北地震是近期北京周边地区发生的一次较强规模的地震,研究它在北京地区引起的强地面运动,有助于分析首都圈内的地震危害性,为地震减灾提供理论帮助.本文利用新的计算工具-局域离散波数法,模拟了张北地震激发的包括来自上地壳、moho面反射波、首播等在内的全波场在北京西部引起的2D强地面运动,分析了该区内第三纪、第四纪沉积地层对于地震的放大效应,得出的主要结论有,薄的第四纪沉积盖层的地点放大效应比厚的第三纪盖层的大很多,说明介质物性是决定地点放大效应的根本原因;不同物性的沉积盖层,在R、Z分量上的放大作用不一样,体现了地点放大效应的复杂性,值得在今后的研究中继续探讨.
The Zhangbei earthquake took place in January 1998 which is 200km away from Beijing city.Studying the strong ground motion in Beijing due to the Zhangbei earthquake can guide us to locate areas which would be destroyed heavily by earthquakes and provide information for reducing disaster of earthquakes.In the paper a new method local discrete wave-number boundary integral method is applied to simulate the strong ground motion in the west of Beijing due to full waves including reflection and refraction from upper lithosphere and the Moho.The site magnifying effect on Tertiary sediment and Quaternary sediment is analyzed and some conclusions are obtained which are helpful for further predicting earthquake disaster in the Beijing area.The most important conclusion is that the site magnifying effect is decided mostly by media parameters.It is larger in Quaternary sediment and shows different on Z and R components.
The Zhangbei earthquake took place in January 1998 which is 200km away from Beijing city.Studying the strong ground motion in Beijing due to the Zhangbei earthquake can guide us to locate areas which would be destroyed heavily by earthquakes and provide information for reducing disaster of earthquakes.In the paper a new method local discrete wave-number boundary integral method is applied to simulate the strong ground motion in the west of Beijing due to full waves including reflection and refraction from upper lithosphere and the Moho.The site magnifying effect on Tertiary sediment and Quaternary sediment is analyzed and some conclusions are obtained which are helpful for further predicting earthquake disaster in the Beijing area.The most important conclusion is that the site magnifying effect is decided mostly by media parameters.It is larger in Quaternary sediment and shows different on Z and R components.
引文
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[13]Ding Z F,Chen Y T,Panza G F.Estimation of site effects inBeijing City[J].Pure Appl.Geophyis.,2004,161:1107~1123.
[14]Ding Z F,Romanell F,Chen Y T.Realistic modeling of seis-mic strong ground motion in Beijing Area[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161:1093~1106.
[15]Zhou H,Chen X F.A new approach to simulate scatteringSH waves by an irregular topography[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2006,164(2):449~459.
[16]Zhou H,Chen X F.The Localized Boundary Integral Equa-tion?Discrete Wavenumber method for Simulating P-SVWave Scattering by an Irregular Topography[J].Bull.Sies-mol.Soc.Am.,2008.98(1):265~279,
[17]周红,陈晓非.不同尺度地形的SH波频率域响应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):205~211.Zhou H.Chen X F.A study on frequency responses of to-pography with different scales due to incident SH wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):205~211
[18]周红,陈晓非.凹陷地形对Rayleigh面波传播影响的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1182~1189.Zhou H,Chen X F.A study on the effect of depressed topog-raphy on Rayleigh surface wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(4):1182~1189
[19]Bouchon M.A simple,complete numerical solution to theproblem of diffraction of SH waves by an irregular surface[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77:1~5.
[20]Bouchon M.A boundary integral equation-discrete wave-number representation method to study wave propagation inmultilayered media having irregular interfaces[J].Geophys-ics,1989,54:1134~1140.
[21]盖增喜.高频区域震相激发与传播路径影响定量研究[D].北京:北京大学地球物理系,2005.Ge Z X.Quantifying source excitation of and path effect onhigh frequency regional waves.[Phd dissertation].Beijing:Geophysics Department,Peking University,2005
[22]刘昌铨,嘉世旭,刘明军,等.延庆-怀来盆地大震危险性分析研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(5):517~523.Liu C Q,Jia S X,Liu M J,et al.Research of risk analyses ofstrong earthquake in Yanhuai basin[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica,1997,19(5):517~523
[23]刘启元,李顺成,沈扬,等.延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):764~772.Liu Q Y,Li S C,Shen Y,et al.Broadband seismic arraystudy of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneathyanhuai basin and its neighboringregion[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.,1997,40(6):764~772
[24]王夫运,张先康,陈棋福,陈颙,赵金仁,杨卓欣,潘素珍.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):359~366.Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,Chen Y,Zhao J R,YangZ X,Pan S Z.Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust3-D structure around Beijing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(2):359~366
[25]嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1316~1324.Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,Chen Q F,Zhang X K,Chen Y.Three-dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital ar-ea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1316~1324.
[26]韩露,张贵宾,高锐.中国岩石圈三维结构综合数据网站的研发建设[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):101~106.Han L,Zhang G,Gao R.Establishing synthetical data Website of China 3-D lithosphere structure[J].Progress in Geo-physics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):101~106.
[2]楚全芝,邓志辉,杨竹转.中国大陆地震构造特点及其在地震危险性预测中的作用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):395~402.Chu Q Z,DengZ Y,Yang Z Z.Eismo-tectonic features and theireffects of the earthquake prediction in China-Mainland[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):395~402.
[3]赵志新,徐纪人.盆地构造地震地面运动速度和加速度分布特征的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1085~1091.Zhao Z X,Xu J R.Velocity and acceleration characteristics ofseismic ground motions related to basin structure[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1085~1091
[4]王彦宾.盆地强震地面运动的预测[J].防灾博览,2003,6:5~6.Wang Y B.The prediction of strong ground motion in basin[J].Fang Zai bo Lan,2003,6:5~6
[5]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,周公威.地震矩张量反演在地震快速反应中的应用[J].地震学报,1999,21(2):116~122.Liu R F,Chen P S,Ren K X.The application of seismic mo-ment tensor inversion to bulletin of seismological observation[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1999,21(2):116~122.
[6]马淑田,陈会中,王松,赵薇,罗建明.1998年1月10日河北省张北-尚义地震MS6地震震源机制的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(5):724~729.Ma S T,Chen H Z,Wang S,Zhao W,Luo J M.A prelimina-ry study for focal mechanism of MS6.2 earthquake on January10,1998,in Zhangbei-Shangyi region[J].Chinese J.Geophys,1998,41(5):724~729.
[7]杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志.张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1999,20(6):6~9.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zhang H Z.Relocation of the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence[J].Seismological Geomagneticobservation and Research,1999,20(6):6~9.
[8]杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志.张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):366~377.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zhang H Z.Relocation and seismogenicstructure of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(4):366~377.
[9]杨智娴,陈运泰.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北—尚义地震序列的震源参数[J].地震学报,2004,26(2):115~120.Yang Z X,Chen Y T.Relocation of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shan-gyi earthquake sequence using the double difference earthquakelocation algorithm[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(2):115~120.
[10]郑秀芬,丁晗,张宏志,郝春月.张北-尚义地震序列的空间分布构造活动性初探[J].地震地磁观测与研究.1998,19(6):24~27.Zheng X F,Ding H,Zhang H Z,Hao C Y.The preliminarystudy on epicenter distribution and tectonic activity of Zhang-bei-Shangyi earthquake sequence[J].Seismological and Geo-magnetic observation and Research,1998,19(6):24~27.
[11]高阿甲.1998年华北地区地震震源机制解[J].地震地磁观测与研究.1999,20(1A):75~81.Gao A J.The focal mechanism solution in North China in1998[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic observation and Re-search,1999,20(1A):75~81
[12]高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅,等.北京地区地震的三维有限差分模拟[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):356~364.Gao M T,Yu Y X,Zhang X M,et al.Three dimensional fi-nite difference simulations of ground motions in the Beijingarea[J].Earthquake researching China,2002,18(4):356~364.
[13]Ding Z F,Chen Y T,Panza G F.Estimation of site effects inBeijing City[J].Pure Appl.Geophyis.,2004,161:1107~1123.
[14]Ding Z F,Romanell F,Chen Y T.Realistic modeling of seis-mic strong ground motion in Beijing Area[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161:1093~1106.
[15]Zhou H,Chen X F.A new approach to simulate scatteringSH waves by an irregular topography[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2006,164(2):449~459.
[16]Zhou H,Chen X F.The Localized Boundary Integral Equa-tion?Discrete Wavenumber method for Simulating P-SVWave Scattering by an Irregular Topography[J].Bull.Sies-mol.Soc.Am.,2008.98(1):265~279,
[17]周红,陈晓非.不同尺度地形的SH波频率域响应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):205~211.Zhou H.Chen X F.A study on frequency responses of to-pography with different scales due to incident SH wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):205~211
[18]周红,陈晓非.凹陷地形对Rayleigh面波传播影响的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1182~1189.Zhou H,Chen X F.A study on the effect of depressed topog-raphy on Rayleigh surface wave[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(4):1182~1189
[19]Bouchon M.A simple,complete numerical solution to theproblem of diffraction of SH waves by an irregular surface[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77:1~5.
[20]Bouchon M.A boundary integral equation-discrete wave-number representation method to study wave propagation inmultilayered media having irregular interfaces[J].Geophys-ics,1989,54:1134~1140.
[21]盖增喜.高频区域震相激发与传播路径影响定量研究[D].北京:北京大学地球物理系,2005.Ge Z X.Quantifying source excitation of and path effect onhigh frequency regional waves.[Phd dissertation].Beijing:Geophysics Department,Peking University,2005
[22]刘昌铨,嘉世旭,刘明军,等.延庆-怀来盆地大震危险性分析研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(5):517~523.Liu C Q,Jia S X,Liu M J,et al.Research of risk analyses ofstrong earthquake in Yanhuai basin[J].Acta SeismologicaSinica,1997,19(5):517~523
[23]刘启元,李顺成,沈扬,等.延怀盆地及其邻区地壳上地幔速度结构的宽频带地震台阵研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):764~772.Liu Q Y,Li S C,Shen Y,et al.Broadband seismic arraystudy of the crust and upper mantle velocity structure beneathyanhuai basin and its neighboringregion[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.,1997,40(6):764~772
[24]王夫运,张先康,陈棋福,陈颙,赵金仁,杨卓欣,潘素珍.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):359~366.Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,Chen Y,Zhao J R,YangZ X,Pan S Z.Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust3-D structure around Beijing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(2):359~366
[25]嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1316~1324.Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,Chen Q F,Zhang X K,Chen Y.Three-dimensional crustal gridded structure of the Capital ar-ea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1316~1324.
[26]韩露,张贵宾,高锐.中国岩石圈三维结构综合数据网站的研发建设[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):101~106.Han L,Zhang G,Gao R.Establishing synthetical data Website of China 3-D lithosphere structure[J].Progress in Geo-physics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):101~106.
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