虚反射界面对地震激发效果的影响及其应用
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摘要
在地震资料采集过程中,表层虚反射界面对地震波的激发效果影响较大,但也是确定炸药震源激发深度的重要因素之一.本文讨论了确定炸药震源距虚反射界面距离的有效方法,分析了复杂地表条件下虚反射界面对地震激发的影响,阐述了如何用之选择最佳激发井深,尽可能地减小由震源产生的各类次生干扰,获得频率响应较好的地震激发子波,以便采集到理想的地震资料.
In the process of seismic data acquisition,surface ghost reflection interface will have great influence on the shooting effect of seismic wave;while in the meantime,it is also an important factor for determining the shooting depth of dynamite focus.In this paper,the method for determining the distance between dynamite focus to ghost reflection interface is discussed,and the influence of ghost reflection interface on seismic shooting is analyzed, demonstrating how to select the optimum well depth to minimized various secondary interference caused by focus, obtain relatively good seismic shooting wavelets and collect ideal seismic data.
In the process of seismic data acquisition,surface ghost reflection interface will have great influence on the shooting effect of seismic wave;while in the meantime,it is also an important factor for determining the shooting depth of dynamite focus.In this paper,the method for determining the distance between dynamite focus to ghost reflection interface is discussed,and the influence of ghost reflection interface on seismic shooting is analyzed, demonstrating how to select the optimum well depth to minimized various secondary interference caused by focus, obtain relatively good seismic shooting wavelets and collect ideal seismic data.
引文
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[16] 王昌龙,张叔伦,赵景霞,等.基于控制照明的合成震源记录交互剩余偏移速度分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :860-867．Wang C L,Zhang S L,Zhao J X,et al.Analysis of mutual residual migration velocity from the synthetic center record based on controlled illumination[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2007,50(3) :860-867．
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[2] 张向林,陶果,刘新茹.油气地球物理勘探技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :143-151．Zhang X L,Tao G,Liu X R.The development of oil and gas geophysical exploration techniques[J].Progress in Geohpysics,2006,21(1) :143-151．
[3] 王建民,刘财,杨宝俊,等.地质雷达技术在巴彦查干地区地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4) :745-752．Wang J M,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The application of geologic radar technique to the seismic survey in Bayanchagan area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(4) :745-752．
[4] 王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.The application of near surface high frequency compensation technique to 3D seismic survey[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2007,50(6) :1837-1843．
[5] 吕公河.地震勘探虚反射界面的测定及其利用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3) :296-300．Lv G H.Determination of seismic ghost reflection interface and its application[J].Petro-physical prospecting,2002,37(3) :296-300．
[6] 李套山,高洪强,刘振夏,等.虚反射信息的采集及其形成机制、频率响应的理论探讨[J].石油物探,1997,36(4) :38-44．Li T S,Gao H Q,Liu Z X,et al.Ghost reflection information collection and its forming mechanism and frequency response[J].Petrophysics,1997,36(4) :38-44．
[7] 李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1545-1551．Li Z S.Seismic wave attenuation regulation and buildup[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5) :1545-1551．
[8] 刘建华,胥颐,郝天兆.地震波衰减的物理机制研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1) :1-7．Liu J H,Xu Y,Hao T Z.Physical mechanism research on seismic wave attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics.2004,19(1) :1-7．
[9] 窦玉坛,郭常升,毛中华,等.井间地震波动方程正演数值模拟及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1867-1872．Dou Y T,Guo C S,Mao Z H,et al.Forward modeling of the wave equation for interwell seismic survey and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(6) :1867-1872．
[10] 陈生昌,马在田,Wu Ru-Shan.波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :844-850．
Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.The lighting compensation for imagery shade of wave equation migration[J J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2007,50(3) :844-850．
[11] 谭绍泉,徐锦玺,张庆淮,等.虚反射和岩性对激发井深选择的影响[J].油气地球物理,2003,1(3) :11-14． Tan S Q,Xu J X,Zhang Q H,et al.The effect of ghost reflection and lithology on the choice of stimulated well depth[J].Oil and Gas Geophysics,2003,1(3) :11-14．
[12] 曹国滨,李云伟,崔汝国.垦71地区多波采集方法研究及应用效果[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1510-1516．Cao G B,Li Y W,Cui R G. Research on multiwave acquisition method and the application results in Ken71 area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5) :1510-1516．
[13] 高银波,张研.关于井炮激发参数优化设计的思考[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3) :938-943．Gao Y B,Zhang Y.On optimization of explosion parameters[J].Progress in Geophysics.2006,21(3) :938-943．
[14] 唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.小当量激发的远距离信号检测研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51 (6) :1810-1818．Tang J,Wang B S,Ge H K,et al.Detection of remote signals stimulated by small equivalency[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2008,51 (6) :1810-1818．
[15] 王忠仁,柴治媛.伪随机编码震源信号的地震响应[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1736-1739．Wang Z R,Chai Y.The seismic response of pseudo random coding centre signals[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(6) :1736-1739．
[16] 王昌龙,张叔伦,赵景霞,等.基于控制照明的合成震源记录交互剩余偏移速度分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :860-867．Wang C L,Zhang S L,Zhao J X,et al.Analysis of mutual residual migration velocity from the synthetic center record based on controlled illumination[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2007,50(3) :860-867．
[17] 赵景霞,张叔伦,孙沛勇,等.三维并行合成震源记录叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :225-233．Zhao J X,Zhang S L,Sun P Y,et al.Prestack depth migration of 3 D parallel synthetic center record[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,2006,49(1) :225-233．
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