若尔盖与西秦岭地震反射岩石圈结构和盆山耦合
摘要
松潘地块北缘的若尔盖盆地与西秦岭造山带相接触,构成青藏高原东北缘典型的新生代盆山构造.其岩石圈结构与深部构造关系,记录了青藏高原东北缘板块碰撞的深部过程,同时又关联着若尔盖盆地油气远景的评价.2004年秋冬季,我们完成了第一条跨越若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带的深地震反射剖面.整个剖面全长254km,分5段完成,其中第2段剖面(简称SP04-2)横过盆山结合部位.SP04-2剖面首次揭示若尔盖盆地-西秦岭造山带盆山结合部位的岩石圈结构,发现了若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带下地壳均以北倾为主的强反射特征,提供出若尔盖盆地下地壳整体向西秦岭造山带俯冲的地震学证据,揭示了若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带在挤压构造体系下形成的深部构造关系.而近于平的Moho反射特征又反映出两者在造山后期经历了强烈的伸展作用.
The Zoigê basin on the north boundary of the Songpan block contacting with the west Qinling orogen, is a typical Neozoic basin-range structural pair on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The lithosphere structure and the deep structural relationship of the plateau boundary with basin-range pair not only establishes the foundation for studying the collision of blocks in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, but also relates oil and gas resource evaluation. Therefore, the first deep seismic reflection profile about 254 km long being five segments across the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen is completed in 2004,whose second segment (SP04_2) cross the basin-range contact zone. SP04_2 reflection profile has disclosed for the first time the structure of the whole crust and the upper mantle in the basin-range boundary zone in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and has discovered a north-dipping strong reflection.The north-dipping reflection constitutes seismic evidence for underthrusting of the Zoigê basin by the west Qinling orogen. The seismic profile preliminarily reveals the structural relationship between the Zoigê Basin and the west Qinling orogen at lithosphere scale during Tibetan extrusion. The almost horizontal reflection from the Moho suggests that the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen underwent intensive extension during the post-orogenic period.
The Zoigê basin on the north boundary of the Songpan block contacting with the west Qinling orogen, is a typical Neozoic basin-range structural pair on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The lithosphere structure and the deep structural relationship of the plateau boundary with basin-range pair not only establishes the foundation for studying the collision of blocks in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, but also relates oil and gas resource evaluation. Therefore, the first deep seismic reflection profile about 254 km long being five segments across the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen is completed in 2004,whose second segment (SP04_2) cross the basin-range contact zone. SP04_2 reflection profile has disclosed for the first time the structure of the whole crust and the upper mantle in the basin-range boundary zone in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and has discovered a north-dipping strong reflection.The north-dipping reflection constitutes seismic evidence for underthrusting of the Zoigê basin by the west Qinling orogen. The seismic profile preliminarily reveals the structural relationship between the Zoigê Basin and the west Qinling orogen at lithosphere scale during Tibetan extrusion. The almost horizontal reflection from the Moho suggests that the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen underwent intensive extension during the post-orogenic period.
引文
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[1]许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀等.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1992.1~190Xu Z Q,Hou L W,Wang Z X,et al.Orogenic process of the Songpan-Ganzi orogen in China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992.1~190
[2]张国伟,郭安林,姚平安.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结.地学前缘,2004,11(3):23~32Zhang G W,Guo A L,Yao P A.Western Qinling-Songpan continental tectonic node in Chinese continental tectonic.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2004,11(3):23~32
[3]黄汲清等.中国大地构造基本特征.北京:地质出版社,1962Huang J Qet al.The Basal Features of China Continent Structures(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1962
[4]任纪舜等.中国大地构造及其演化.北京:科学出版社,1980Ren J S,et al.China Continental Structure and Its Evolution(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1980
[5]Sengr AMC.The Cimmeride orogenic systemand the tectonics of Eurasia.Geol.Soc.Am.Spec.Pap.,1984,195:1~82
[6]刘训,傅德荣,姚培毅等.青藏高原不同地体的地层、生物区系及沉积构造演化史.北京:地质出版社,1992.75~78Liu X,Fu D R,Yao P Y,et al.Stratumof the Terranes,the Biota and Sedimentary Tectonic Evolution History on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese),1992.75~78
[7]Burchfield B C,King R W,Royden L H,et al.Geological,geodetic,and geophysical study of southwest China:A test of Cenozoic tectonic modelsfor Eurasia.UNACO1996Annual Report,USA,1996.http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa,2003
[8]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.J.Ann.Rev.Earth Planet,2000,28:211~280
[9]Gao R,Ma YSh,Zhu X,Li QSh,et al.Lithospheric structure of the Songpan blockinthe northeastern Tibetan plateau-revelationfrom investigation of the deep seismic profile.In:Georges M,Lave J,eds.20th Himalaya-KaraKorum-Tibet Workshop Special Extended Abstracts Volume.Aussois,France,2005,58~59
[10]高锐,马永生,李秋生等.松潘地块与西秦岭造山带下地壳的性质与关系-深地震反射剖面的揭露.地质通报,2006,25(12):1~8Gao R,Ma YS,Li QS,et al.The lower crustal structure andits relationship of the Songpan Block and West Qinling orogen revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2006,25(12):1~8
[11]穆桂春.若尔盖高原的自然概况与地貌发育.西南师范学院学报,1982,4:42~46Mu G C.The natural situation and physiognomy growth of the Zoig毢plateau.Journal ofSouthwest China Normal University(in Chinese),1982,4:42~46
[12]李勇,侯中健,司光影等.青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件.中国地质,2002,29(1):30~36.Li Y,Hou Z J,Si G Y,et al.Cenozoic tectonic sequence and tectonic events at the eastern margin of the Qinhai-Tibet plateau.Geologyin China(in Chinese),2002,29(1):30~36
[13]卢占武,高锐,李秋生等.中国青藏高原深部地球物理探测与地球动力学研究(1958-2004).地球物理学报,2006,49(3):753~770Lu Z W,Gao R,Li Q S,et al.Deep geophysical probe and geodynamic study on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(1958-2004).Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):753~770
[14]李永华,田小波,吴庆举等.青藏高原INDEPTH2Ⅲ剖面地壳厚度与泊松比:地质与地球物理含义.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1037~1044Li Y H,Tian X B,Wu QJ,et al.The Poisson ratio and crustal structure of the central Qinghai-XizanginferredfromINDEPTH-Ⅲteleseismic waveforms:Geological and geophysical implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1037~1044
[15]郑月军,黄忠贤,刘建华等.青藏高原东部Love波偏振研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1068~1073Zheng YJ,Huang Z X,LiuJ H,et al.Off-great circle propagation of Love waves in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1068~1073
[16]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601Gao X,Wang WM,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of China mainland andits adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):591~601
[17]朱守彪,蔡永恩,石耀霖.青藏高原及邻区现今地应变率场的计算及其结果的地球动力学意义.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1053~1061Zhu S B,Cai YE,Shi YL.Computation of the present-day strain rate field of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its geodynamic implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1053~1061
[18]吴满路,张春山,廖椿庭等.青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):327~332Wu ML,Zhang C S,Liao C T.The recent state of stress in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to in-situ stress measurements.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):327~332
[19]崔作舟,陈纪平,吴苓.阿尔泰-台湾岩石圈地学断面综合研究:花石峡-邵阳深部地壳的结构和构造.北京:地质出版社,1996.49~168Cui Z Z,Chen J P,Wu L.The Synthetic Study of Taiwan-Altay Geoscience Transect:Deep Crustal Structure in Hua shixia-Shaoyang(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996,49~168
[20]王有学,WD Mooney,韩果花等.台湾-阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金-龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):98~106Wang Y X,WD Mooney,Han G H,et al.Crustal P-wave velocity structurefrom Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(1):98~106
[21]王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平等.松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(3):229~242Wang C Y,Han WB,WuJ P,et al.Crustal structure beneaththe Songpan-Ganze orogenic belt.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):229~242
[22]李松林,张先康,张成科等.玛沁-兰州-靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217.Li S L,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Apreliminary study on the crustal velocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding profile.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(2):210~217
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