芦山M_S7.0地震建筑结构震害特征
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摘要
基于2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震灾区的房屋建筑震害调查资料,初步分析了这次地震中建筑结构的震害特征.结合典型建筑结构震害案例,从抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施的角度对震害机理进行了探讨,总结了结构抗震设计方面的经验和教训并给出了相关的建议.分析表明,农村自建的砖木和土木结构房屋的抗震能力普遍较差;砖混结构和砌体-框架混合结构的抗震性能需要严格的抗震构造措施给予保证,包括合理设置钢筋混凝土构造柱和圈梁,合理设置承重墙的数量以及承重墙上开洞的数量和位置;由于鞭梢效应造成的突出屋顶的楼梯间和加层的破坏需引起重视.
The performance of buildings in the Lushan,Sichuan,MS7.0 earthquake of April 20,2013,caused a considerable loss of property.The damage mechanism is analyzed from the seismic conceptual design and aseismic measure.Furthermore,the lessons learned from structures and the damage characteristics for typical buildings are summarized.Analysis results show that the seismic resistance capacity of masonry-timber roof truss buildings and adobewood buildings are generally very poor in rural areas.Strict earthquake-resistant measures are needed to guarantee the seismic capacity of masonry buildings and masonry-frame hybrid buildings,so that it must be given a reasonable set ofreinforced concrete constructional columns,ring beams and a reasonable set of the number of bearing walls as well as the number and location of openings on bearing walls.The damage of outshoot roof staircases and adding story caused by whipping effect should be avoided.
The performance of buildings in the Lushan,Sichuan,MS7.0 earthquake of April 20,2013,caused a considerable loss of property.The damage mechanism is analyzed from the seismic conceptual design and aseismic measure.Furthermore,the lessons learned from structures and the damage characteristics for typical buildings are summarized.Analysis results show that the seismic resistance capacity of masonry-timber roof truss buildings and adobewood buildings are generally very poor in rural areas.Strict earthquake-resistant measures are needed to guarantee the seismic capacity of masonry buildings and masonry-frame hybrid buildings,so that it must be given a reasonable set ofreinforced concrete constructional columns,ring beams and a reasonable set of the number of bearing walls as well as the number and location of openings on bearing walls.The damage of outshoot roof staircases and adding story caused by whipping effect should be avoided.
引文
李巨文,薄景山,卢滔,蔡晓光,张建毅,张宇东.2013.玉树7.1级地震学校建筑震害分析[J].自然灾害学报,22(1):124--129.
李小军,于爱勤,甘朋霞,李敏,刘浪.2008.汶川8.0级地震北川县城区灾害调查与分析[J].震灾防御技术,3(4):352--362.
潘毅,王超.2012.汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学,28(7):103--106.
温增平,徐超,陆鸣,杜修力,李鸿晶,熊立红,刘爱文,李小军,周正华.2009.汶川地震重灾区典型钢筋混凝土框架结构震害现象[J].北京工业大学学报,35(6):753--760.
熊立红,杜修力,陆鸣,李立云,温增平,李鸿晶,刘爱文.2008.5·12汶川地震中多层房屋典型震害规律研究[J].北京工业大学学报,34(11):1166--1172.
中国地震局.2013a.四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震已造成196人死亡[EB/OL].[2013-04-24].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468/553/100342/100345/20130424151225623554842/index.html.
中国地震局.2013b.中国地震局发布四川芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震烈度图[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/100285/20130504223531716501562/index.html.
中华人民共和国建设部(主编).2001.中华人民共和国国家标准:建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社:8--10.
李小军,于爱勤,甘朋霞,李敏,刘浪.2008.汶川8.0级地震北川县城区灾害调查与分析[J].震灾防御技术,3(4):352--362.
潘毅,王超.2012.汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学,28(7):103--106.
温增平,徐超,陆鸣,杜修力,李鸿晶,熊立红,刘爱文,李小军,周正华.2009.汶川地震重灾区典型钢筋混凝土框架结构震害现象[J].北京工业大学学报,35(6):753--760.
熊立红,杜修力,陆鸣,李立云,温增平,李鸿晶,刘爱文.2008.5·12汶川地震中多层房屋典型震害规律研究[J].北京工业大学学报,34(11):1166--1172.
中国地震局.2013a.四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震已造成196人死亡[EB/OL].[2013-04-24].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/468/553/100342/100345/20130424151225623554842/index.html.
中国地震局.2013b.中国地震局发布四川芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震烈度图[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/100285/20130504223531716501562/index.html.
中华人民共和国建设部(主编).2001.中华人民共和国国家标准:建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社:8--10.
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