地震震源机制波形自动反演系统的研究现状与展望
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摘要
震源机制解是地震学研究的重要组成部分,它从一定程度上描述了震源的性质及其破裂过程,对其正确、全面地认识可深化理解地震的孕育、发生和演化。而地震波形自动反演系统的建立,不仅实现了利用地震波形信息进行震源机制解的自动反演,更重要的是加快了反演的速度,充分体现了提取震源信息的实效性,从而有力地帮助震情分析、余震趋势预测、震后救援等工作的展开。本文系统地阐述了震源机制解反演方法,总结了自动反演系统构建思路以及波形自动反演系统的实现,为国内构建自动反演系统提供了可鉴的技术思路。
As an integral part of seismological research,focal mechanism plays an important role in not only interpreting earthquake preparation,but also describing the nature of seismic source and rupture process to some extent.Rapid and automatic inversion system can speed up inversion and provides more source information,which potentially increases the efficiency of rescue operations,seismic regime analysis and aftershock prediction.In this paper,we elaborate on the inversion method for focal mechanism,and also summarize the construction ideas and the current research progress of automatic inversion system.Meanwhile,such system can provide technical ideas for the construction of automatic inversion system.
As an integral part of seismological research,focal mechanism plays an important role in not only interpreting earthquake preparation,but also describing the nature of seismic source and rupture process to some extent.Rapid and automatic inversion system can speed up inversion and provides more source information,which potentially increases the efficiency of rescue operations,seismic regime analysis and aftershock prediction.In this paper,we elaborate on the inversion method for focal mechanism,and also summarize the construction ideas and the current research progress of automatic inversion system.Meanwhile,such system can provide technical ideas for the construction of automatic inversion system.
引文
[1]张爱萍,倪四道,杨晓勇.2004年东乌珠穆沁旗地震震源参数研究[J].地震,2008,28(3):61-67.
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[6]Hardebeek J L,Shearer P M.A new method for determining first-motion focal mechanisms[J].BullSeism Soc Am,2002,92(6):2 264-2 276.
[7]Kasahara K.Computer program for a fault-plane solution[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1963,S3(1):1-13.
[8]Brillinger D R,Udias A,Bolt B A.A probability model for regional focal mechanism solutions[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1980,70(1):149-170.
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[2]张国民,汪素云,马宏生,等.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造的意义[J].科学通报,2002,47(9):663-670.
[3]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,1983,(5):1-13.
[4]Balakina L M,Savarensky E F,Vvedenskaya A V.On determination of earthquake mechanism[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,1961,4:211-216.
[5]Reasengberg P,Oppenheimer D.FPFIT,FPPLOT,and FPPAGE:FORTRAN computer programsfor calculating and displaying earthquake fault-plane solutions[R].U.S Geol Surv Open-File Rep,1985.85-739.
[6]Hardebeek J L,Shearer P M.A new method for determining first-motion focal mechanisms[J].BullSeism Soc Am,2002,92(6):2 264-2 276.
[7]Kasahara K.Computer program for a fault-plane solution[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1963,S3(1):1-13.
[8]Brillinger D R,Udias A,Bolt B A.A probability model for regional focal mechanism solutions[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1980,70(1):149-170.
[9]Udias A,Buforn E.Single and joint fault-plane solutions from first-motion data[M].In:DoornbosD J ed.Seismological Algorithms.Academic Press,London,1988.443-453.
[10]俞春泉,陶开,崔效锋,等.用格点尝试法求解P波初动震源机制解及解的质量评价[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1402-1411.
[11]崔效锋,胡幸平,俞春泉,等.汶川地震序列震源机制解研究[J].北京大学学报,2011,47(6):1 063-1 072.
[12]Kisslinger C,Browman J R,Koch K.Procedures for computing focal mechanisms from local(SV/P)Z data[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1981,87(6):1 719-1 730.
[13]梁尚鸿,李幼铭,束沛镒,等.利用区域地震台网P,S波振幅比资料测定小震震源参数[J].地球物理学报,1984,27(3):247-257.
[14]吴大铭,王培德,陈运泰.用SH波和P波振幅比确定震源机制解[J].地震学报,1989,11(3):275-278.
[15]Snoke J A,Munsey J W,et al.A program for focal mechanism determination by combined use ofpolarity and SV-P amplitude ratio data[J].Earthquake Notes,1984,55(3):15.
[16]刘杰,郑斯华,康英,等.利用P波和S波地初动和振幅比计算中小地震的震源机制解[J].地震,2004,24(1):19-26.
[17]胡新亮,刁桂苓,马瑾,等.利用数字地震记录的P,S振幅比数据测定小震震源机制解的可靠性分析[J].地震地质.2004,26(2):347-354.
[18]倪江川,陈运泰,陈祥熊.地震矩张量的及其反演[J].地震观测与研究,1991,12(5):1-17.
[19]Fan G,Wallace T.The determination of source parameters for small earthquakes from a single,verybroadband seismic station[J].Geophys Res Lett,1991,18(8):1 385-1 388.
[20]Mozaffari P,许力生,吴忠良,等.用长周期体波数据反演1988年11月6日澜沧耿马MS7.6地震的矩张量[J],1999,21(4):343-353.
[21]Kanamori H,Given J W.Use of long-period surface waves for rapid determination of earthquakesource parameters.2.Preliminary determination of source mechanisms of large earthquakes(MS6.5)in 1980[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1982,30:260-268.
[22]Arvidsson R,Ekstrom G.Global CMT analysis of moderate earthquakes,MW≥4.5,using interme-diate period surface waves[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1998,88(4):1 003-1 013.
[23]马淑田,姚振兴,纪晨.用长周期面波波形拟合及P波初动方向估计中等地震的震源机制[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(6):785-799.
[24]Dreger D S,Helmberger D V.Determination of source parameters at regional distances with three-components sparse network data[J].Geophys Res,1993,98:8 107-8 125.
[25]Zhao L S,Helemberger D V.Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms[J].BullSeism Soc Am,1994,84:91-104.
[26]Zhu L,Helemberger D V.Advancement in source estimation technique using broadband regionalseismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1996,86:1 634-1 641.
[27]张爱萍,倪四道,杨晓勇.2004年东乌珠穆沁旗地震震源参数研究[J].地震,2008,28(3):61-67.
[28]吕坚,郑勇,倪四道,等.2005年11月26日九江一瑞昌MS5.7、MS4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):158-164.
[29]罗艳,倪四道,曾祥方,等.汶川地震余震区东北端一个余震序列的地震学研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(6):677-687.
[30]龙锋,张永久,闻学泽,等.2008年8月30日攀枝花会理6.1级地震序列ML≥4.0事件的震源机制解[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2852-2860.
[31]洪德全,王行舟,韩立波,等.用CAP方法研究安庆4.8级地震震源机制[J].中国地震,2011,27(2):207-214.
[32]Tan Y,Helmberger D.A new method for determining small earthquake source parameters usingshort-period P waves[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,2007,97(4):1 176-1 195.
[33]Scognamiglio L,Tinti E,et al.Real-Time Determination of Seismic Moment Tensor for the ItalianRegion[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,2009,99(4):2 223-2 242.
[34]Giardini,D.Moment tensor inversion from MedNet data(1):Large worldwide earthquakes of 1990[J].Geophys Res Lett,1992,19:713-716.
[35]Giardini D,Boschi E,Palombo B.Nazionale Moment tensor inversion from MedNet data(2):Re-gional earthquakes of the Mediterranean[J].Geophys Res Lett,1993,20(4):273-276.
[36]Kawakatsu H.On the real-time monitoring of the long-period seismic wave field[J].Bull Earth-quake Res Inst,1998,73(3～4):267-274.
[37]倪江川,陈运泰,王鸣,等.云南禄劝地震部分余震的矩张量反演[J].地震学报,1991,13(4):412-419.
[38]谢小碧,郑天愉,姚振兴.理论地震图计算方法[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(6):790-801.
[39]Lupei Zhu,Luis A,Rivera.A note on the dynamic and static displacement from a point source inmultilayered media[J].Geophys J Int,2002,148:619-627.
[40]Kelly K R,Ward R.Synthetic seismograms:a finite difference approach[J].Geophysics,1976,41(1):2-27.
[41]Oison A H.Forward simulation and linear inversion of earthquake ground motions[D].San Diego,California:University of California,1982.
[42]Fuchs K,Muller G.Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity[J].Geophys J Int,1971,23(4):417-433.
[43]Yao Z X,Harkrider D G.A generalized reflection transmission coefficient matrix and discrete wavenumber method for synthetic seismograms[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1983,73:1 685-1 699.
[44]张项,陈棋福,赵里,等.用P波初动波形求解中小地震震源机制解[J].中国地震,2009,26(3):273-282.
[45]Tsuruoka H,Kawakatsu H,Urabe T.GRiD MT(Grid-based Real-time Determination of MomentTensors)monitoring the long period seismic wave-field[J].Phys Each Planet Int,2009,175:8-16.
[46]Thio K H,Kanamori H.Moment tensor inversion for local earthquakes using surface waves recor-ded at TERRAscope[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1995,85(4):1 021-1 038.
[47]Clinton J F,Hauksson E,Solanki K.An Evaluation of the SCSN Moment Tensor Solutions:Ro-bustness of the Mw Magnitude Scale,Style of Faulting,and Automation of the Method[J].BullSeism Soc Am,2006,96(5):1 689-1 705.
[48]Bernardi F,Braunmiller J,et al.Automatic regional moment tensor inversion in the European-Medi-terranean region[J].Geophys J Int,2004,157(2):703-716.
[49]Sipkin S.Rapid determination of global moment-tensor solutions[J].Geophys Res Lett,1994,21(16):1 667-1 670.
[50]Pasyanos M E,Dreger D S,Romanowicz B.Toward Real-Time estimation of Regional MomentTensors[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1996,86(5):1 255-1 269.
[51]Tichelaar B W,Ruff L J.How good are our best models?Jackknifing,Bootstrapping and Earth-quake Depth[M].Eos Tran AGU,1989,70(20).
[52]Kawakatsu H.Automated near-realtime CMT inversion[J].Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:2 569-2 572.
[53]Gee L S,Neuhauser D S,Dreger D S,et al.Real-time seismology at UC Berkeley:The rapid earth-quake data integration project[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1996,86:936-945.
[54]Dreger D S.TDMT_INV:Time Domain Seismic Moment Tensor INVersion[M].InternationalHandbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology,2003,81(B):1 627.
[55]Tajima F,Megnin C,Dreger D S.Feasibility of real-time Broadband Waveform Inversions for Sim-ultaneous Moment Tensor and Centroid Location Determination[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,2002,92(2):739-750.
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