日本M_W9.0地震前电离层异常初步分析
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摘要
2011年3月11日日本东北海域发生了9.0级大地震。根据国际GPS服务和日本国土地理院公布的GPS连续观测数据,得到地震前20天震区附近上空的电离层垂直总电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content,VTEC)的时间序列,并利用滑动四分位法(前15天滑动)分析电离层异常。同时采集COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere&Climate)掩星资料,分析震前地震上空的电子密度廓线,研究F2层峰值密度和高度的变化。初步研究表明,从地震前一周开始,电离层参量变化出现明显的增高。结合太阳和地磁活动参数分析,电离层参量的这种异常变化有可能是地震前兆异常。
A 9.0-magnitude(MW) earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Japan on 11 March 2011.On the basis of the GPS data from IGS(International GPS Service) and Japan′s GPS observation networks,we got the 20 days′ time series of the ionosphere vertical total electron content(VTEC) over the epicenter before this earthquake.To detect abnormal signal of TEC variation,a sliding quartile-based(before 15 days) process is performed.Meanwhile occultation data from FORMOSAT3/COSMIC are used in order to analyze the pre-earthquake profile of electron density and understand the variations of the F2 peak electron density(NmF2) and the peak height(hmF2).Preliminary results demonstrate that ionospheric parameters begin to increase a week before the earthquake.Combined with the solar and Geo-magnetic activities,we suggest that the abnormal variation of the ionospheric parameters may result from the earthquake.
A 9.0-magnitude(MW) earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Japan on 11 March 2011.On the basis of the GPS data from IGS(International GPS Service) and Japan′s GPS observation networks,we got the 20 days′ time series of the ionosphere vertical total electron content(VTEC) over the epicenter before this earthquake.To detect abnormal signal of TEC variation,a sliding quartile-based(before 15 days) process is performed.Meanwhile occultation data from FORMOSAT3/COSMIC are used in order to analyze the pre-earthquake profile of electron density and understand the variations of the F2 peak electron density(NmF2) and the peak height(hmF2).Preliminary results demonstrate that ionospheric parameters begin to increase a week before the earthquake.Combined with the solar and Geo-magnetic activities,we suggest that the abnormal variation of the ionospheric parameters may result from the earthquake.
引文
①ftp://igs.ensg.ign.fr/pub/igs/data
②http://cadusta1.gsi.go.jp/inet_CD_02.new/index_map.html
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[15]Liu J Y,Chen C H,Chen Y I,et al.A statistical study of ionospheric earthquake precursors moni-tored by using equatorial ionization anomaly of GPS TEC in Taiwan during 2001—2007[J].Journalof Asian Earth Sciences,2010,39:76-80.
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[17]张键.利用GPS对太阳耀斑电离层响应的监测和研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2002.
[18]黄庆铭.大耀斑和电离层骚扰[J].电波科学学报,1993,8(3):108-112.
[19]赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化[J].科学导报,2008,26(11):30-34.
[20]蔡军涛,赵国泽,詹艳,等.地震期间电离层扰动现象研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):695-701.
[21]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies ob-served before the 12May 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009,114,A04320,doi:10.1029/2008JA013698,2009.
[22]李建勇.利用GPS数据研究地震电离层TEC异常[D].中国地震局地震预测研究所,2010.
[23]赵莹,张小红,刘经南.汶川大地震前后电离层电子含量的扰动分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):447-453,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.010.
②http://cadusta1.gsi.go.jp/inet_CD_02.new/index_map.html
[1]Hayakawa M.Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes[M].Tokyo:TERRAPUB,1999.
[2]Barnes R A,Leonard R S.Observations of ionospheric disturbances following the Alaska earthquake[J].Geophys Res,1965,70:1 250-1 253.
[3]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005.
[4]Pulinets S A,Legen′ka A D.Spatial-Temporal characteristics oflarge scale disturbances of electrondensity observed in the ionospheric F-region before strong earthquakes[J].Cosmic Research,2003,41(3):221-229.
[5]Zhang X M,Liu J,Shen X H,et al.Ionospheric perturbation associated with the M8.6Sumatraearthquake on 28Match 2005[J].Chinese J.Geophys,(in Chinese),2010,53(3):567-575,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001 5733.2010.03.010.
[6]Smirnov V F,Borisov K P.Variations of F2layer parameters during the september 16,2004,earth-quake in Northeastern Asia[J].Seismic Instruments,2011,47(3):267-270.
[7]Calais E,Minster J B.GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17,1994,Northridge earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,1995,22(9):1 045-1 048,doi:10.1029/95GL00168.issn:0094-8276.
[8]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M≥6.0Taiwanearthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(19):3 113-3 116.
[9]祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.汶川MS8.0地震前电离层TEC异常分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):16-21.
[10]郭鹏.无线电掩星技术与CHAMP掩星资料反演[D].中国科学院研究生院,2006.
[11]章红平.基于地基GPS的中国区域电离层监测与延迟改正研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2006.
[12]马新欣.利用GPS数据研究地震与电离层TEC异常[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[13]Mayaud P N.Derivation,meaning,and use of geomagnetic indices[J].Washington,D.C.GeophysMonogr Ser,1980,doi:10.1029/GM022.
[14]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chou Y J,et al.Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Geophysical research letters,2001,28(7):1 383-1 386.
[15]Liu J Y,Chen C H,Chen Y I,et al.A statistical study of ionospheric earthquake precursors moni-tored by using equatorial ionization anomaly of GPS TEC in Taiwan during 2001—2007[J].Journalof Asian Earth Sciences,2010,39:76-80.
[16]Pulinets S,Boyarchuk K.Ionospheric precursors of earthquake[M].Berlin:Springer,2004.
[17]张键.利用GPS对太阳耀斑电离层响应的监测和研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2002.
[18]黄庆铭.大耀斑和电离层骚扰[J].电波科学学报,1993,8(3):108-112.
[19]赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化[J].科学导报,2008,26(11):30-34.
[20]蔡军涛,赵国泽,詹艳,等.地震期间电离层扰动现象研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):695-701.
[21]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies ob-served before the 12May 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009,114,A04320,doi:10.1029/2008JA013698,2009.
[22]李建勇.利用GPS数据研究地震电离层TEC异常[D].中国地震局地震预测研究所,2010.
[23]赵莹,张小红,刘经南.汶川大地震前后电离层电子含量的扰动分析[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):447-453,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.010.
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