各向同性介质长偏移距地震同相轴动校正
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摘要
传统二阶动校正方法基于较小最大偏移距与目标层深度比和地震波沿直线传播假设,进行长偏移距地震资料处理时,这些假设不再成立.高阶项动校正公式能提高长偏移动校正精度,文中对几种典型的高阶项动校正方法进行了比较,并提出了优化四阶、优化六阶动校正方法.模型计算表明,高阶项动校正方法能取得较常规动校正方法好的动校正结果,但并非阶数越高动校正精度就越高;在纵向速度变化剧烈时,高阶动校正或优化高阶动校正方法一般不能适用于最大偏移距与目标层深度大于3.5的地震反射同相轴,优化四阶和优化六阶动校正公式由于考虑了无穷大偏移距的影响,具有更稳定、更加精确动校正效果,适合于实际的各向同性长偏移距地震资料处理.
The second-order Normal moveout equation is based upon two hypotheses.They are the small offset and simple straight-ray model.These hypotheses are invalid when seismic events with long-spread are processed.Normal moveout formulae with higher-order terms can improve NMO precision.In this paper,we compare several higher-order NMO formulae and propose optimal fourth-order NMO formula and optimal sixth-order NMO formula.The numerical computation results show that higher-order formulae can get better NMO output and the NMO precision is not improved with higher values of the maximal order at all time.if vertical velocity gradient is strong.None of the formulae can achieve satisfying NMO result when the ratio of maximal offset to objective depth is more than 3.5.Optimal fourth-order and optimal sixth-order formulae are more steady and more precise and more appropriate for field seismic data processing because the influence of infinite offset is corrected in those formulae.
The second-order Normal moveout equation is based upon two hypotheses.They are the small offset and simple straight-ray model.These hypotheses are invalid when seismic events with long-spread are processed.Normal moveout formulae with higher-order terms can improve NMO precision.In this paper,we compare several higher-order NMO formulae and propose optimal fourth-order NMO formula and optimal sixth-order NMO formula.The numerical computation results show that higher-order formulae can get better NMO output and the NMO precision is not improved with higher values of the maximal order at all time.if vertical velocity gradient is strong.None of the formulae can achieve satisfying NMO result when the ratio of maximal offset to objective depth is more than 3.5.Optimal fourth-order and optimal sixth-order formulae are more steady and more precise and more appropriate for field seismic data processing because the influence of infinite offset is corrected in those formulae.
引文
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[3]Hake H.Three-Terms Talyor series fort2-x2curves of P-and S-wave layered transversely isotropic Ground[J].GeophysProsp.,1984,32:828~850.
[4]Richard Castle.Theory of normal moveout[J].Geophysics,1994,59(6):983~999.
[5]Tsvankin,Thomsen.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in ani-sotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59(8):1290~1304.
[6]杜丽英,刘国明,等.VTI介质地震反射波合成记录的方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):58~64.Du L Y,Liu G M,et al.The method of seismic and reflectionwave synthetic seismogram in VTI media[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2001,16(2):58~64.
[7]刘伊克,常旭,等.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697~701.Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Multiple removal by wavepath migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):697~701.
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[9]刘伊克,常旭.三维复杂地形近地表速度估计及地震层析静[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):826~832.Liu Y K,Chang X.Estimation of near-surface velocity andseismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophsics,2001,44(2):826~832.
[10]常旭,王辉.地震CT法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):408~415.Chang X,Wang H.Locating subsurface aurifeours quartzvein by means of seismic tomography[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,1998,41(3):408~415.
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[12]尤建军,常旭,等.VTI介质长偏移距非双曲动校正公式优化[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1770~1778.You J J,Chang X,et al.Optimization of nonhyperbolic moveoutcorrection equation of long-offset seismic data in VTI media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,1770~1778.
[13]吴国忱,梁锴.VTI介质qP波方程高精度有限差分算子[J].2007,地球物理学进展,22(3):896~904.Wu G C,Liang K.High precision finite difference operatorsfor qP wave equation in VTI media[J].Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(3):896~904.
[14]王维红,裴江云,张剑锋.加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):851~859.Wang W H,Pei J Y,Zhang J F.Prestack seismic data recon-struction using weighted parabolic Radon transform[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3):851~859.
[15]丁继才,常旭,刘伊克,汪长永.反射地震数据的逐层波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):574~580.Ding J C,Chang X,Liu Y K,Wang C Y.Layer by layerwaveform inversion of seismic reflection data[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2007,50(2):574~580.
[16]张赛民,周竹生,陈灵君,周惠群.对旅行时进行抛物型插值的地震射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):43~48.Zhang S M,Zhou Z S,Chen L J,Zhou H Q.Seismic ray-tracing method of applying parabolic Interpolation to travel-time[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):43~48.
[17]李信富,李小凡,武晔.分形理论在地震学中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):411~417.Li X F,Li X F,Wu H.Application of fractal theory in seis-mology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):411~417.
[18]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487~491.Feng Ying-jie,Yang Chang-chun etc.The review of the finite-difference elastic wave motion modeling[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2007,22(2):487~491.
[2]Al-Chalabi M.Series approximation in velocity and traveltimecomputation[J].Geophys Prosp.,1973,21:783~795.
[3]Hake H.Three-Terms Talyor series fort2-x2curves of P-and S-wave layered transversely isotropic Ground[J].GeophysProsp.,1984,32:828~850.
[4]Richard Castle.Theory of normal moveout[J].Geophysics,1994,59(6):983~999.
[5]Tsvankin,Thomsen.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in ani-sotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59(8):1290~1304.
[6]杜丽英,刘国明,等.VTI介质地震反射波合成记录的方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):58~64.Du L Y,Liu G M,et al.The method of seismic and reflectionwave synthetic seismogram in VTI media[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2001,16(2):58~64.
[7]刘伊克,常旭,等.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697~701.Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Multiple removal by wavepath migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):697~701.
[8]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839~846.Chang X,Liu Y K.The generalized fractal dimension of seis-mic records and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2002,45(6):839~846.
[9]刘伊克,常旭.三维复杂地形近地表速度估计及地震层析静[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):826~832.Liu Y K,Chang X.Estimation of near-surface velocity andseismic tomographic static corrections[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophsics,2001,44(2):826~832.
[10]常旭,王辉.地震CT法隐伏矿脉空间定位研究[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):408~415.Chang X,Wang H.Locating subsurface aurifeours quartzvein by means of seismic tomography[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,1998,41(3):408~415.
[11]刘伊克,常旭.盆地模拟水动力油气二次运移隐式多重网格法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):342~348.Liu Y K,Chang X.The implicit multigrid method for thesecondary hydrocarbon migration drived by water.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,1998,41(3):342~348.
[12]尤建军,常旭,等.VTI介质长偏移距非双曲动校正公式优化[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1770~1778.You J J,Chang X,et al.Optimization of nonhyperbolic moveoutcorrection equation of long-offset seismic data in VTI media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,1770~1778.
[13]吴国忱,梁锴.VTI介质qP波方程高精度有限差分算子[J].2007,地球物理学进展,22(3):896~904.Wu G C,Liang K.High precision finite difference operatorsfor qP wave equation in VTI media[J].Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(3):896~904.
[14]王维红,裴江云,张剑锋.加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):851~859.Wang W H,Pei J Y,Zhang J F.Prestack seismic data recon-struction using weighted parabolic Radon transform[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3):851~859.
[15]丁继才,常旭,刘伊克,汪长永.反射地震数据的逐层波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):574~580.Ding J C,Chang X,Liu Y K,Wang C Y.Layer by layerwaveform inversion of seismic reflection data[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2007,50(2):574~580.
[16]张赛民,周竹生,陈灵君,周惠群.对旅行时进行抛物型插值的地震射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):43~48.Zhang S M,Zhou Z S,Chen L J,Zhou H Q.Seismic ray-tracing method of applying parabolic Interpolation to travel-time[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):43~48.
[17]李信富,李小凡,武晔.分形理论在地震学中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):411~417.Li X F,Li X F,Wu H.Application of fractal theory in seis-mology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):411~417.
[18]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487~491.Feng Ying-jie,Yang Chang-chun etc.The review of the finite-difference elastic wave motion modeling[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2007,22(2):487~491.
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