储层的地震低频响应及识别
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摘要
常规地震资料处理中把大地看成是完全弹性介质,实际上,地层岩石孔隙中常常含有流体(油、气、水),当地震波在其中传播时要发生与频率相关的能量衰减和相位畸变,且高频成分的衰减、散射和弥散远高于低频成分。地层介质对地震波的这种选频吸收作用使得在地震波的低频成分中保留了更为丰富的反映介质性质的信息。为此,开展了储层的地震低频响应研究。首先将Korneev等提出的一维弥散粘滞型波动方程拓展为二维形式,推导出二维形式下波动方程的解;然后设计了二维透镜体储层模型,采用二维弥散粘滞型波动方程通过相位移加插值方法进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与实验室物理模拟结果类似,从理论上证实了含流体储层存在低频高能量现象(低频伴影)。
In conventional seismic data processing,the earth is regarded as prefectly elastic medium.However,the pores of stratum rock of- ten contain fluid (oil,gas,water).So,when the seismic wave propa- gates in it,there are energy attenuation and phase distortion related to frequency.Moreover,the attenuation,scattering,and dispersion of high-frequency components are far higher than that of low-fre- quency components.The frequency selecting absorbing effect of stratum medium on seismic wave keeps more information of medi- um characteristics in the low-frequency components.Aiming at this problem,we studied the seismic low frequency response of reser- voir.Firstly,the 1-D viscous-diffusive wave equation proposed by Korneev was spread to 2-D,and the solution of wave equation in 2- D form was reduced.Then,a 2-D lens reservoir model was designed and 2-D viscous-diffusive wave equation was adopted for numerical simulation through phase shift and interpolation method.The nu- merical simulation results are similar to that of experimental physi- cal simulation,which theoretically proved low-frequency high-energy phenomenon (low frequency shadow) existing in fluid-filled reservoir.
In conventional seismic data processing,the earth is regarded as prefectly elastic medium.However,the pores of stratum rock of- ten contain fluid (oil,gas,water).So,when the seismic wave propa- gates in it,there are energy attenuation and phase distortion related to frequency.Moreover,the attenuation,scattering,and dispersion of high-frequency components are far higher than that of low-fre- quency components.The frequency selecting absorbing effect of stratum medium on seismic wave keeps more information of medi- um characteristics in the low-frequency components.Aiming at this problem,we studied the seismic low frequency response of reser- voir.Firstly,the 1-D viscous-diffusive wave equation proposed by Korneev was spread to 2-D,and the solution of wave equation in 2- D form was reduced.Then,a 2-D lens reservoir model was designed and 2-D viscous-diffusive wave equation was adopted for numerical simulation through phase shift and interpolation method.The nu- merical simulation results are similar to that of experimental physi- cal simulation,which theoretically proved low-frequency high-energy phenomenon (low frequency shadow) existing in fluid-filled reservoir.
引文
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10贺振华．反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1989．56～72
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12 Futterman W I.Dispersive body waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67(52):5279～5291
13 Gazdag J,Sguazzero P.Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolation[J].Geophysics,1984,49 (1) :124～131
14袁志云，孔令洪，王成林．频谱分解技术在储层预测中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2006，41(增刊)：11～15
15 Castagna J P,Sun S J,Siegfried R M.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge, 2003,22(2):120～127
16 Cohen L．时-频分析：理论与应用[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998．77～91
17朱庆荣，张越迁，于兴河，等．分频解释技术在表征储层中的运用[J]．矿物岩石，2003，23(3)：104～108
2佘德平，严建文，吴继敏．全波场地震勘探技术[J]．地球物理学进展，2006，21(2)：472～477
3 Korneev V A,Goloshubin G M,Daley T M,et al.Seis- mic low-frequency effects in monitoring fluid-saturated reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2004,69 (2) :522～532
4 Goloshubin G M,Korneev V A.Seismic low frequency effects from fluid-saturated reservoir[J].Expanded Abstracts of 70~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2000, 1671～1674
5 Goloshubin G M,Schuyver C V.Reservoir imaging u- sing low frequencies of seismic reflections [J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(5) :527～531
6佘德平，吴继敏．李佩，等．利用低频信号提高膏盐区深层成像质量[J]．石油物探，2006，45(3)：234～238
7李树军，李国发，张春涛，等．偏移中地震波粘滞效应的补偿研究[J]．石油物探，2005，44(4)：316～319
8马昭军，刘洋．地震波衰减反演研究综述[J]．地球物理学进展，2005，20(4)：1074～1082
9单启铜，乐友喜．PML边界条件下二维粘弹性介质波场模拟[J]．石油物探，2007，46(2)：126～130
10贺振华．反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1989．56～72
11熊晓军，贺振华，黄德济．三维波动方程正演及模型应用研究[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：554～556
12 Futterman W I.Dispersive body waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67(52):5279～5291
13 Gazdag J,Sguazzero P.Migration of seismic data by phase shift plus interpolation[J].Geophysics,1984,49 (1) :124～131
14袁志云，孔令洪，王成林．频谱分解技术在储层预测中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2006，41(增刊)：11～15
15 Castagna J P,Sun S J,Siegfried R M.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge, 2003,22(2):120～127
16 Cohen L．时-频分析：理论与应用[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998．77～91
17朱庆荣，张越迁，于兴河，等．分频解释技术在表征储层中的运用[J]．矿物岩石，2003，23(3)：104～108
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