地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析
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摘要
针对地震勘探信号,对非平稳信号时频分析几种适效方法:短时Fourier变换、小波变换、S变换、Wigner分布、平滑伪Wigner分布、锥形核时频分布、AOK(adaptive optimum kernel,自适应最优核函数)分布等进行对比与应用研究.在阐明各种方法基本原理的基础上,进行数值分析与应用研究.首先对非平稳地震勘探模拟信号进行试算及时频属性提取,结合各类方法的信号表示理论,在时频局部化的精度和交叉项抑制等方面对计算结果进行对比分析;进一步应用于实际二维地震数据,提取瞬时频率和瞬时带宽等时频属性,进行比较研究.研究表明:对于地震勘探信号,就本文涉及的几种时频分析方法而言,AOK分布是时频局部化精度最高、交叉项抑制最好、时频匹配最优的方法,值得在地震勘探信号分析和地震属性提取、频谱分解等应用中深入研究和应用.
Aiming at seismic prospecting signals,the comparisons of some effective time-frequency analysis methods for nonstationary signal are studied,including short time Fourier transform(STFT),wavelet transform(WT),S transform(ST),Wigner distribution(WVD),smoothed pseudo-Wigner distribution(SPWVD),cone-kernel time-frequency distribution(CKD) and adaptive optimum kernel time-frequency representation(AOK).Numerical methods and applications are implementd on base of their principles.Firstly,time-frequency representations of the above methods and testing computations are implemented with a modeling unstable seismic signal and time-frequency attributes are extracted.The comparisons of the results of above methods are studied according to the time-frequency localization precision and cross-terms suppressing.Secondly,the above methods are applied to real 2D seismic data and seismic attributes extraction for instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth.On base of the results,it can be concluded that AOK time-frequency representation is the best method among the above methods according to the time-frequency localization precision,cross-terms suppressing,sequences detection validity and worthing to do more research for seismic attributes extraction and spectral decomposition.
Aiming at seismic prospecting signals,the comparisons of some effective time-frequency analysis methods for nonstationary signal are studied,including short time Fourier transform(STFT),wavelet transform(WT),S transform(ST),Wigner distribution(WVD),smoothed pseudo-Wigner distribution(SPWVD),cone-kernel time-frequency distribution(CKD) and adaptive optimum kernel time-frequency representation(AOK).Numerical methods and applications are implementd on base of their principles.Firstly,time-frequency representations of the above methods and testing computations are implemented with a modeling unstable seismic signal and time-frequency attributes are extracted.The comparisons of the results of above methods are studied according to the time-frequency localization precision and cross-terms suppressing.Secondly,the above methods are applied to real 2D seismic data and seismic attributes extraction for instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth.On base of the results,it can be concluded that AOK time-frequency representation is the best method among the above methods according to the time-frequency localization precision,cross-terms suppressing,sequences detection validity and worthing to do more research for seismic attributes extraction and spectral decomposition.
引文
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[15]吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):161~166.Lu G H,Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of post-stackseismic attribute analysis in the oil-gas exploration and devel-opment[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):161~166.
[16]高静怀,万涛,陈文超,毛剑.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802~1812.Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,Mao J.Three parameter wave-let and its applications to seismic data processing.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1802~1812.
[17]岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):863~869.Yue W Z,Tao G.A method for recognition of fluid propertyin reservoirs using wavelet transformation[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2003,46(6):863~869.
[18]祝志慧,孙云莲,李洪.基于EMD的时频分析方法的电力故障信号检测[J].武汉大学学报工学版,2007,40(5)119~122,132.Zhu Z H,Sun Y L,Li H.Power fault detection using empir-ical mode decomposition[J].Engineering Journal of WuhanUniversity,2007,40(5):119~122,132.
[2]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭,年静波.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440~451.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M,Nian J B.Study on characteristicsof seismic stratigraphy by generalized S-transform[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):440~451.
[3]刘喜武,年静波,刘洪.基于广义S变换的地震波能量衰减分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):20~24.Liu X W,Nian J B,Liu H.Generalized S-transform basedseismic attenuation analysis[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics(in Chinese),2006,29(1):20~24.
[4]刘葵,刘招军,朱建伟等.时频分析在石油地球物理勘探中的应用[J].世界地质,2000,19(3):282~284.Liu K,Liu Z J,Zhu J W,et al.Application of time-frequencyanalysis in geology[J].World Geology(in Chinese),2000,19(3):282~284.
[5]张晔.信号时频分析及应用[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.Zhang Y.Signal time-frequency analysis and application[M].Harbin Institute of Technology publisher,2006.
[6]汪源源.现代信号处理理论和方法[M].复旦大学出版社,2003.Wang Y Y.Modern signal processing theory and method[M].Fudan University publisher,2003.
[7]卫俊平.时频分析技术及应用[M].西安电子科技大学,2005.Wei J P.Technique and application of time-frequency analysis[M].Xi′an Electronic Science and Technology University,2005.
[8]Jone D,Baraniuk R.An adaptive optimum kernel time-fre-quency representation[J].IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,vol.43,no.10,pp:2361~2371,1995.
[9]潘建华.SPWV在脉内混合信号时频分析中的应用[J].舰船电子对抗,2005,28(5):41~44.Pan J H.Application of SPWV in time-frequency analysis ofintra-pulse mixed-signal[J].Shipboard Electronic Counter-measure(in Chinese),2005,28(5):41~44.
[10]王喆,马世伟,邓家梅,曹家麟.基于信号先验知识的几种时频分析法[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6(1):77~80.Wang Z,Ma S W,Deng J M,Cao J L.Some methods oftime-frequency analysis based on previous knowledge of signal[J].Journal of Image and Graphics(in Chinese),2001,6(1):77~80.
[11]李亚安,王军,雷粉霞.自适应核时频分布在抑制交叉项中的应用[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,26(11):1567~1569.Li Y A,Wang J,Lei F X.Application of adaptive kerneltime-frequency distribution in cross-components suppression[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics(in Chinese),2004,26(11):1567~1569.
[12]陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180~1185.Chen Y H,Yang C C,Cao Q F,et al.The comparision ofsome time-frequency analysis methods[J].Progress in Geo-physics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1180~1185.
[13]王祝文,刘菁华,聂春燕..基于Choi-Williams时频分布的阵列声波测井信号时频分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1481~1486.Wang Z W,Liu J H,Nie C Y.Time-frequency analysis ofarray acoustic logging singnal based on Choi-Williams energydistribution[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1481~1486.
[14]杨培杰,印兴耀,张广智.希尔伯特-黄变换地震信号时频分析与属性提取[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1585~1590.Yang P J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Seismic signal time-frequen-cy analysis and attributes extraction based on HHT[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1585~1590.
[15]吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):161~166.Lu G H,Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of post-stackseismic attribute analysis in the oil-gas exploration and devel-opment[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):161~166.
[16]高静怀,万涛,陈文超,毛剑.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802~1812.Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,Mao J.Three parameter wave-let and its applications to seismic data processing.ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1802~1812.
[17]岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):863~869.Yue W Z,Tao G.A method for recognition of fluid propertyin reservoirs using wavelet transformation[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2003,46(6):863~869.
[18]祝志慧,孙云莲,李洪.基于EMD的时频分析方法的电力故障信号检测[J].武汉大学学报工学版,2007,40(5)119~122,132.Zhu Z H,Sun Y L,Li H.Power fault detection using empir-ical mode decomposition[J].Engineering Journal of WuhanUniversity,2007,40(5):119~122,132.
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